【互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)的功能】互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)的作用(yong)是什么 互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)原理及用(yong)途

互感器原理及用途

在供電用電的線路中，電流相差從幾安到幾萬安，電壓相差從幾伏到幾百萬伏。線路中電流電壓都比較高，如直接測量是非常危險的。為便于二次儀表測量需要轉換為比較統一的電流電壓，使用互感器起(qi)到(dao)變流變壓和(he)電氣隔離的作用。

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顯示儀表大(da)部分是(shi)指針式(shi)的(de)電流電壓表，所以電流互感器的(de)二次電流大(da)多數是(shi)安培(pei)級的(de)（如5等）。隨著時代發展(zhan)，電(dian)量測量大多已經(jing)達到數(shu)字(zi)化，而計算(suan)機(ji)的采(cai)樣(yang)的信(xin)號(hao)一般(ban)為毫安級（0-5V、4-20mA等(deng)）。微(wei)(wei)型電流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)二次電流(liu)為毫安(an)級(ji)，主要起大互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)與采樣之間的(de)橋梁作用(yong)。微(wei)(wei)型電流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)稱(cheng)之為“儀用(yong)電流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)”。（“儀用(yong)電流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)”有一層含(han)義是在實驗室使(shi)用(yong)的(de)多電流(liu)比精密電流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)，一般用(yong)于擴大儀表量程。）

電流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)原理(li)線路圖微(wei)型電流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)與變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)類似也是(shi)根據(ju)電磁感(gan)應(ying)原理(li)工作，變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)變(bian)換的是(shi)電壓(ya)(ya)而(er)微(wei)型電流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)變(bian)換的是(shi)電流(liu)(liu)罷了。繞組N1接被測電(dian)流(liu)，稱為一次繞(rao)組（或(huo)原邊繞(rao)組、初級繞(rao)組）；繞(rao)組N2接測(ce)量儀表，稱為(wei)二次繞組(zu)（或副邊繞組(zu)、次級繞組(zu)）。

微型(xing)電流互感器一(yi)次繞組電流I1與二次繞(rao)組I2的電流(liu)比，叫實際(ji)電流(liu)比K。微型電流(liu)互感器在額(e)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)作電流(liu)下工(gong)作時(shi)的電流(liu)比叫電流(liu)互感器額(e)定(ding)(ding)電流(liu)比，用(yong)Kn表示。Kn=I1n/I2n。

互感器的作用是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)為了傳(chuan)(chuan)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，往往采用交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流回路把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)送往用戶，無(wu)法(fa)用儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)進(jin)行直接(jie)(jie)(jie)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)。互(hu)(hu)(hu)感器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作用，就是將交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)(he)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流按比例降到可(ke)以用儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)數值，便于儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)，同時為繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護和(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)用互(hu)(hu)(hu)感器(qi)是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞到低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流二次(ci)(ci)(ci)側的(de)(de)(de)計量(liang)(liang)、測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)及繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)特殊變壓器(qi)，是一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)二次(ci)(ci)(ci)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)聯絡元(yuan)件(jian)，其(qi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)繞組(zu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，二次(ci)(ci)(ci)繞組(zu)分別與(yu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)等互(hu)(hu)(hu)相連接(jie)(jie)(jie)。互(hu)(hu)(hu)感器(qi)與(yu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)計量(liang)(liang)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)配合(he)，可(ke)以測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能；與(yu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護和(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)配合(he)，可(ke)以構成對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)各種(zhong)故障的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣保(bao)護和(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)控制(zhi)。互(hu)(hu)(hu)感器(qi)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞(huai)，直接(jie)(jie)(jie)影響(xiang)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)、計量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)準確性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)作的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)。

互感器包括電壓互感器和電流互感器

電壓互感器是一種電壓變換裝置，有電壓變換和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓回路或低壓回路的高電壓轉變為低電壓（一般為100V），供(gong)給(gei)儀表和繼電保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)實現測量、計(ji)量、保(bao)護等作(zuo)用。

電(dian)流互(hu)感器是一種電(dian)流變換(huan)裝置，有電(dian)流變換(huan)和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓(ya)回(hui)路或低壓(ya)回(hui)路的大電(dian)流轉變為(wei)低壓(ya)小(xiao)電(dian)流（一般為(wei)5A），供給儀表和繼電保護(hu)裝置實現測量、計量、保護(hu)等作用。

實際(ji)測量(liang)時，為了更好(hao)的與儀表量(liang)程匹配(pei)，也(ye)有將(jiang)5A以(yi)下小(xiao)電(dian)流變(bian)換為大電(dian)流（5A）的互感(gan)器。