【有(you)(you)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器件(jian)(jian) 無(wu)(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)】有(you)(you)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)和無(wu)(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)的區別(bie) 有(you)(you)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)器件(jian)(jian)的分類有(you)(you)哪些

有源器件和無源器件的區別

有源器件是指需要外加電源才可以工作的電子元件，它需(xu)要能量來實行它特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能，有(you)(you)源器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一般(ban)用來信(xin)號放大(da)、變換等，有(you)(you)源元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一般(ban)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)二(er)極管、晶體管、場效(xiao)應管。無(wu)源器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)主要指(zhi)在(zai)不需(xu)要外(wai)加電(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)下，就可(ke)以顯示(shi)其特性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。無(wu)源元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)主要是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)阻類(lei)、電(dian)(dian)感類(lei)和電(dian)(dian)容類(lei)器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，它們的(de)(de)(de)(de)共同特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中無(wu)需(xu)加電(dian)(dian)源即可(ke)在(zai)有(you)(you)信(xin)號時工作。無(wu)源器(qi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)是(shi)(shi)用來進行信(xin)號傳輸，或者通(tong)過方向性(xing)(xing)進行“信(xin)號放大(da)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。籠統的(de)(de)(de)(de)說有(you)(you)極性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)為有(you)(you)源元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，無(wu)極性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱謂無(wu)源元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

有源器件的分類有哪些

電子管

電子管(guan)又(you)名真空管(guan)，所以又(you)稱為電真空器件。

電子管不論二極還是多極，它都有陽極和陰極，陰極在外加電源的作用下，發射電子向陽極流動。外加電源可以直接加在陰極上，也可以加在另外的加熱燈絲上。就是因為這個外加電源的存在，而統稱為有源器件。電子管是最早的有源電子元件，分二極管、三極管與多極管。隨著電子技術的發展，電子管因其體積大、重量重、耗電大等等缺點，而先后讓位給晶體管和集成電路(lu)。但是，在許多場合電子管繼續(xu)發揮作(zuo)用。例如：大功率發射機(ji)的末級功率放大；各(ge)類顯(xian)示器的顯(xian)示管；電視(shi)機(ji)的顯(xian)像管等。

晶體管

晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)屬于(yu)(yu)半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)器件。導(dao)(dao)電(dian)能(neng)力(li)介于(yu)(yu)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)與絕緣體(ti)(ti)之(zhi)間的物質(zhi)稱為(wei)半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)。如硅、鍺晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)都屬于(yu)(yu)半導(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)。所以用這些晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)材料做成的電(dian)子(zi)器件，稱為(wei)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)管(guan)(guan)。它分晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)二極管(guan)(guan)和晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)三極管(guan)(guan)。

晶體管晶(jing)體二極(ji)管導(dao)體材料按導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特(te)性(xing)可(ke)分為P型和(he)N型兩(liang)種(zhong)，這兩(liang)種(zhong)半導(dao)體結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介面(mian)稱(cheng)為PN結(jie)。PN結(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)構成各種(zhong)半導(dao)體器件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。P區為正極(ji)，N區為負極(ji)。二極(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單向導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)二極(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)性(xing)：正向導(dao)通(tong)、反向截(jie)止。二極(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要用(yong)途(tu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)整(zheng)流(liu)、檢波及需要單向導(dao)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。晶(jing)體三(san)極(ji)管是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子線路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心元(yuan)件(jian)之(zhi)一(yi)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)最(zui)(zui)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)放(fang)大(da)(da)路(lu)(lu)中廣(guang)泛應用(yong)。晶(jing)體三(san)極(ji)管由(you)兩(liang)個(ge)PN結(jie)組(zu)成。兩(liang)個(ge)P型加(jia)一(yi)個(ge)N型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫(jiao)PnP型；兩(liang)個(ge)N型加(jia)一(yi)個(ge)P型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)叫(jiao)NpN型。晶(jing)體三(san)級(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要參數是(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)大(da)(da)倍數B，其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)范圍可(ke)從幾倍到幾百(bai)倍。晶(jing)體管中還有兩(liang)種(zhong)特(te)殊管子，它(ta)們是(shi)(shi)(shi)晶(jing)閘管和(he)場效(xiao)應管，晶(jing)閘管原稱(cheng)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)硅。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)信號(hao)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制大(da)(da)信號(hao)，其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)可(ke)達幾百(bai)倍。最(zui)(zui)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)控(kong)(kong)(kong)硅整(zheng)流(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)保護。場效(xiao)應管是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制元(yuan)件(jian)，其(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取決于(yu)輸(shu)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)。其(qi)(qi)輸(shu)入(ru)阻抗很高(gao)，放(fang)大(da)(da)失真小(xiao)(xiao)，所以被廣(guang)泛應用(yong)于(yu)放(fang)大(da)(da)和(he)數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)中。

集成電路

電路(lu)顧名思義(yi)是將(jiang)有(you)源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)和無源(yuan)器(qi)件(jian)及連接線等集中制造在一(yi)個很小的(de)硅片(pian)上，再經引線和封裝，形成一(yi)個有(you)預定功能的(de)微(wei)型整體。（符號為(wei)IC）。集成電路(lu)的(de)優點是體積小、壽命長、成本低(di)、可靠性高(gao)性能好。當(dang)前集成電路(lu)及大規(gui)模集成電路(lu)越來越被(bei)廣(guang)泛的(de)應(ying)用。