直流穩壓三大作用

直流穩壓(ya)器一般用于在電(dian)子(zi)電(dian)路中，由電(dian)源穩壓(ya)設備、濾波電(dian)路、穩壓(ya)電(dian)路等重要部分組成，其組成部件的作(zuo)用如下：

1、電源穩壓設備

電源穩壓設備的(de)作用(yong)是將(jiang)交流220V的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變為所(suo)需的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值，然后通樣的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)還隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波動(dong)、負載何溫度的(de)變化(hua)而變化(hua)。

2、濾波電路

濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)用(yong)于(yu)濾去輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)中(zhong)的(de)(de)紋波，一般由電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗元件組成。由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗元件在電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)有儲(chu)能作用(yong)，sd6_1we并聯的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容C在電(dian)(dian)(dian)源供給的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升高時，能把(ba)部分能量存(cun)儲(chu)起來，而當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)降低時，就(jiu)能把(ba)能量釋放出來，使(shi)負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)比較平滑，即C具有平波作用(yong)

3、穩壓電路

穩壓(ya)電路的作用(yong)是當電網(wang)電壓(ya)波動、負(fu)載(zai)何(he)溫度變化(hua)時，維持輸(shu)出直(zhi)流(liu)電壓(ya)穩定。

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直流穩壓電源的種類

根據應用(yong)需(xu)求的不(bu)同，直(zhi)流穩(wen)壓電(dian)源分為各類特(te)性不(bu)同的電(dian)源產品(pin)。

系(xi)(xi)統直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)主(zhu)要針對(dui)低(di)壓(ya)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計，通(tong)常功能簡單，輸(shu)出(chu)功率大(da)，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)比較大(da)（從(cong)幾安(an)培到幾十安(an)培），能為多(duo)個用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足(zu)較大(da)功耗(hao)的用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷。能長期(qi)連續工(gong)作(zuo)、工(gong)作(zuo)穩定(ding)是這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)設(she)計的重(zhong)點，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的漂(piao)移(yi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節精細度則不(bu)(bu)是重(zhong)點。對(dui)于(yu)一(yi)些專用(yong)(yong)的基礎(chu)型系(xi)(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)往(wang)往(wang)是固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型的，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)操(cao)作(zuo)面板上(shang)并不(bu)(bu)提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節功能，甚(shen)至有的專用(yong)(yong)系(xi)(xi)統電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)不(bu)(bu)提(ti)供監(jian)控(kong)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表，業余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺愛好者使用(yong)(yong)最多(duo)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)就屬(shu)于(yu)此類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

有(you)的產品為了迎(ying)合(he)用戶的口味(wei)，都(dou)在基(ji)礎(chu)型電源上(shang)添加了電壓表和(he)電流表，使(shi)得(de)電源看上(shang)去(qu)更高(gao)科技一些，同時也方便監(jian)視(shi)電源輸出狀況。對(dui)于(yu)一些高(gao)端的系統電源，使(shi)用了單片機控制和(he)液晶狀態(tai)顯示，設置電壓可以通過鍵盤(pan)數字化(hua)輸入，有(you)些功能和(he)指標幾(ji)乎(hu)趕上(shang)可編程電源了。

1、固定電壓直流穩壓電源

輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可調是可調直流(liu)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點。由(you)于(yu)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可調，適用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍就更廣了(le)，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)在實驗(yan)(yan)室和維(wei)(wei)修場合，所以(yi)也(ye)被(bei)稱為(wei)“維(wei)(wei)修電(dian)源(yuan)”、“實驗(yan)(yan)電(dian)源(yuan)”。實際中，用(yong)(yong)于(yu)實驗(yan)(yan)室和維(wei)(wei)修應用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品會(hui)增加更多附加實用(yong)(yong)功能(neng)，如可調限(xian)(xian)流(liu)功能(neng)、跟蹤功能(neng)等(deng)。限(xian)(xian)流(liu)功能(neng)比較實用(yong)(yong)，它(ta)可以(yi)設定(ding)(ding)(ding)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)，當電(dian)流(liu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)超過(guo)設定(ding)(ding)(ding)值(zhi)時，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會(hui)下跌，但電(dian)流(liu)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)繼續增加，類似進入恒流(liu)模(mo)式。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源(yuan)提供(gong)過(guo)流(liu)保護(hu)(hu)功能(neng)，一(yi)旦電(dian)流(liu)超過(guo)預定(ding)(ding)(ding)值(zhi)就進入保護(hu)(hu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，切斷(duan)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)，需(xu)要重新(xin)啟動(dong)電(dian)源(yuan)才(cai)能(neng)恢復輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)。在實驗(yan)(yan)和維(wei)(wei)修中，由(you)于(yu)誤操作或者電(dian)路(lu)(lu)故(gu)障，導致短路(lu)(lu)時有(you)發生，利用(yong)(yong)限(xian)(xian)流(liu)功能(neng)既保護(hu)(hu)了(le)電(dian)源(yuan)自身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全，也(ye)保護(hu)(hu)了(le)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元器件，使它(ta)們不(bu)(bu)會(hui)受到大(da)電(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊。一(yi)般市(shi)場上常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可調直流(liu)穩壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)都不(bu)(bu)大(da)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)流(liu)在1～3A，可以(yi)滿足普通(tong)數碼產品和移動(dong)電(dian)話類通(tong)信產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)修和實驗(yan)(yan)需(xu)要。

2、可調直流穩壓電源

多(duo)(duo)路(lu)(lu)可(ke)調直流穩壓電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是可(ke)調穩壓電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)一種(zhong)，其特點是一臺電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)供兩路(lu)(lu)甚至三四路(lu)(lu)可(ke)以獨立設定電(dian)壓的(de)輸出(chu)，基本上(shang)可(ke)以看成幾臺單路(lu)(lu)輸出(chu)的(de)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)合(he)并使用(yong)，適用(yong)于(yu)需要多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)電(dian)壓供電(dian)的(de)場合(he)。高級一點的(de)多(duo)(duo)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)還具有電(dian)壓跟蹤功能，使幾路(lu)(lu)輸出(chu)能聯動(dong)調節(jie)。

3、多路直流穩壓電源

精(jing)(jing)(jing)密可調(diao)(diao)直流(liu)(liu)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是可調(diao)(diao)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)一種，其特點(dian)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)分(fen)辨率(lv)高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設(she)定(ding)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度優于(yu)0.01V。為了精(jing)(jing)(jing)確顯示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，目前主流(liu)(liu)的(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多位(wei)數(shu)字表指示(shi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)限流(liu)(liu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密調(diao)(diao)節(jie)機(ji)構的(de)解決(jue)方案(an)不同，低成本(ben)的(de)解決(jue)方案(an)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)粗調(diao)(diao)和(he)細調(diao)(diao)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)，標準解決(jue)方案(an)則采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器(qi)，高檔電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)則采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)片機(ji)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)數(shu)字化設(she)定(ding)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)片機(ji)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)被稱(cheng)為數(shu)控(kong)(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，通(tong)過(guo)數(shu)控(kong)(kong)方式更容易實現精(jing)(jing)(jing)密調(diao)(diao)節(jie)與(yu)設(she)定(ding)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)部線(xian)路也(ye)(ye)比較先進，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)穩定(ding)性(xing)也(ye)(ye)比較好自身(shen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)漂移小，通(tong)常適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密實驗場合。精(jing)(jing)(jing)密直流(liu)(liu)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是國(guo)內(nei)的(de)稱(cheng)呼國(guo)外進口電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)基本(ben)沒有(you)標稱(cheng)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，只有(you)高分(fen)辨率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)可編程電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。

4、高分辨率數控電源

可(ke)(ke)(ke)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源是用單片機以(yi)數字(zi)化形式(shi)控制的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)調穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，其設(she)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)參數可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)存儲(chu)起來(lai)供日后調用。可(ke)(ke)(ke)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源設(she)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)參數比較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)，包括(kuo)基本的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)設(she)定(ding)、功率(lv)(lv)限制設(she)定(ding)、過流設(she)定(ding)以(yi)及擴(kuo)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)設(she)定(ding)等信息(xi)。通常可(ke)(ke)(ke)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源具有較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)定(ding)分(fen)辨率(lv)(lv)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流參數的(de)(de)(de)設(she)定(ding)都可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過數字(zi)鍵盤輸入。中高(gao)檔的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)編(bian)(bian)程(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源自(zi)身電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)漂移也很小，多(duo)(duo)用于科研場合。

5、可編程電源

標準(zhun)電(dian)壓參考源(yuan)是一種特(te)殊(shu)的穩壓電(dian)源(yuan)，其作(zuo)用(yong)和內部線(xian)路(lu)與普通的供(gong)電(dian)型穩壓電(dian)源(yuan)不同，用(yong)于提供(gong)作(zuo)為參考標準(zhun)的電(dian)壓信號，以(yi)校(xiao)準(zhun)各類電(dian)壓測量(liang)儀器（電(dian)壓表、萬用(yong)表），本身(shen)帶負載能(neng)力很低，但電(dian)壓準(zhun)確度很高，漂(piao)移極小。