直流穩壓三大作用

直(zhi)流穩(wen)壓器一般用(yong)于在電子電路中，由電源(yuan)穩(wen)壓設備、濾波電路、穩(wen)壓電路等重(zhong)要部分(fen)組成，其(qi)組成部件的作用(yong)如下：

1、電源穩壓設備

電源穩壓設備的作用(yong)是(shi)將交流(liu)220V的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變為所需的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值，然后通樣(yang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)還隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)波動、負載何溫度的變化而(er)變化。

2、濾波電路

濾波(bo)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)用于濾去輸出(chu)電(dian)壓中的紋(wen)波(bo)，一(yi)般由(you)電(dian)抗(kang)元(yuan)件組成。由(you)于電(dian)抗(kang)元(yuan)件在電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中有儲(chu)能作用，sd6_1we并聯的電(dian)容(rong)C在電(dian)源(yuan)供給的電(dian)壓升高(gao)時，能把(ba)部分(fen)能量存儲(chu)起來，而當電(dian)壓降低時，就能把(ba)能量釋放出(chu)來，使負載電(dian)壓比較平滑，即C具(ju)有平波(bo)作用

3、穩壓電路

穩壓電(dian)(dian)路的作用是當電(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)壓波動、負載何溫(wen)度變化時，維持輸出(chu)直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)壓穩定。

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直流穩壓電源的種類

根(gen)據應(ying)用需求的不同(tong)，直(zhi)流(liu)穩壓電源分為各類(lei)特性不同(tong)的電源產(chan)品。

系統(tong)(tong)(tong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)主要針對低壓(ya)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計，通常功能簡(jian)單，輸出(chu)功率大(da)，輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流比較(jiao)大(da)（從(cong)幾安培到(dao)幾十安培），能為多(duo)個用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足較(jiao)大(da)功耗的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷。能長期連續工(gong)作(zuo)、工(gong)作(zuo)穩定(ding)是這類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)設計的(de)(de)(de)重點，輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)漂移(yi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節(jie)精細度則不是重點。對于(yu)一些專用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)基礎型(xing)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)往(wang)往(wang)是固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)操作(zuo)面板上并不提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)調節(jie)功能，甚至有的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不提供監控輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)表，業余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺愛好者使用(yong)(yong)(yong)最(zui)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)臺電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就屬于(yu)此(ci)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

有的(de)產品為了迎合用戶的(de)口味(wei)，都在基礎型電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)上添加了電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)表和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流表，使得電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)看上去(qu)更(geng)高科(ke)技一(yi)些，同(tong)時也方便監視(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸出狀況(kuang)。對于一(yi)些高端的(de)系統電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，使用了單片機控制和液晶狀態顯示，設置電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可以通過鍵盤數字化輸入，有些功能和指標幾乎趕(gan)上可編程電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)了。

1、固定電壓直流穩壓電源

輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)是可(ke)(ke)調(diao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源最大的(de)(de)特(te)點。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)，適用的(de)(de)范(fan)圍就(jiu)更廣(guang)了(le)(le)，廣(guang)泛應用在實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室和維(wei)修(xiu)場合，所以(yi)也被稱為“維(wei)修(xiu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源”、“實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源”。實(shi)(shi)(shi)際中(zhong)，用于實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)室和維(wei)修(xiu)應用的(de)(de)產品會增加(jia)(jia)更多附加(jia)(jia)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用功(gong)能(neng)，如可(ke)(ke)調(diao)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)功(gong)能(neng)、跟(gen)蹤功(gong)能(neng)等(deng)。限(xian)流(liu)(liu)功(gong)能(neng)比(bi)較(jiao)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用，它可(ke)(ke)以(yi)設定(ding)(ding)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)設定(ding)(ding)值時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)會下(xia)跌，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)會繼續增加(jia)(jia)，類(lei)(lei)似(si)進入恒流(liu)(liu)模式。有(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源提供過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)保護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能(neng)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)預定(ding)(ding)值就(jiu)進入保護(hu)(hu)狀(zhuang)態，切斷輸(shu)出(chu)，需(xu)(xu)要重新啟(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源才能(neng)恢復輸(shu)出(chu)。在實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和維(wei)修(xiu)中(zhong)，由于誤操作或者(zhe)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)故障，導致短(duan)路(lu)(lu)時有(you)發(fa)生，利用限(xian)流(liu)(liu)功(gong)能(neng)既保護(hu)(hu)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源自身的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)，也保護(hu)(hu)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)的(de)(de)元器(qi)件，使它們不(bu)(bu)會受到大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)沖擊。一般市場上(shang)常見(jian)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)都不(bu)(bu)大，輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)在1～3A，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)滿(man)足普通(tong)數(shu)碼產品和移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話類(lei)(lei)通(tong)信(xin)產品的(de)(de)維(wei)修(xiu)和實(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)需(xu)(xu)要。

2、可調直流穩壓電源

多(duo)(duo)路(lu)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)直流穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種，其特點是(shi)一(yi)(yi)臺電(dian)源(yuan)提供(gong)兩路(lu)甚至三(san)四(si)路(lu)可(ke)(ke)以獨(du)立設定電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)，基本上可(ke)(ke)以看成幾(ji)臺單路(lu)輸(shu)出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)源(yuan)合并使用，適用于需要(yao)多(duo)(duo)種電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)供(gong)電(dian)的(de)(de)場合。高級(ji)一(yi)(yi)點的(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)路(lu)電(dian)源(yuan)還具有(you)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)跟(gen)蹤功能，使幾(ji)路(lu)輸(shu)出(chu)能聯(lian)動調(diao)節。

3、多路直流穩壓電源

精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)可(ke)調直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)穩(wen)(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)可(ke)調穩(wen)(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)一種，其特點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調節分(fen)辨率高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)設(she)定(ding)精(jing)度優于0.01V。為了(le)精(jing)確(que)顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，目前主流(liu)(liu)的(de)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)都采(cai)(cai)(cai)用多位(wei)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)表(biao)指示。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)調節機構的(de)解決方(fang)案(an)不同(tong)，低成本(ben)的(de)解決方(fang)案(an)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用粗調和(he)細調兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器，標準解決方(fang)案(an)則采(cai)(cai)(cai)用多圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)器，高(gao)檔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)則采(cai)(cai)(cai)用單片機控(kong)制的(de)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)化設(she)定(ding)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用單片機控(kong)制的(de)穩(wen)(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)也被稱為數(shu)(shu)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，通(tong)過數(shu)(shu)控(kong)方(fang)式更容易實(shi)現精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)調節與設(she)定(ding)。精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)穩(wen)(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)內部(bu)線路也比(bi)較先進(jin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)性也比(bi)較好(hao)自(zi)身電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)漂移小，通(tong)常適用于精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)實(shi)驗(yan)場合。精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)穩(wen)(wen)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)國內的(de)稱呼國外進(jin)口電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)本(ben)沒有(you)(you)標稱精(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，只(zhi)有(you)(you)高(gao)分(fen)辨率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)可(ke)編程電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。

4、高分辨率數控電源

可(ke)(ke)(ke)編程(cheng)電源是用(yong)單片機以(yi)數字化形式控制的(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)調穩(wen)壓(ya)電源，其設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)參(can)數可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)存儲(chu)起來供日后調用(yong)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)編程(cheng)電源設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)的(de)參(can)數比較多，包括基本的(de)電壓(ya)設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)、功率(lv)限制設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)、過流設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)以(yi)及擴展的(de)過壓(ya)設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)等(deng)信息。通常可(ke)(ke)(ke)編程(cheng)電源具有較高的(de)設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)分辨率(lv)，電壓(ya)和電流參(can)數的(de)設(she)(she)定(ding)(ding)都可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過數字鍵盤輸入。中高檔的(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)編程(cheng)電源自身電壓(ya)漂移(yi)也很小，多用(yong)于(yu)科研場合。

5、可編程電源

標準(zhun)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)參(can)(can)考(kao)源是一種特殊(shu)的穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源，其作(zuo)用和內(nei)部線路與普通的供(gong)電(dian)型穩(wen)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源不同，用于提供(gong)作(zuo)為參(can)(can)考(kao)標準(zhun)的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)信(xin)號(hao)，以校(xiao)準(zhun)各類電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)測(ce)量儀器(qi)（電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)表、萬用表），本身帶負載(zai)能力很低，但電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)準(zhun)確度很高，漂移極小。