鄭州是河(he)南省(sheng)省(sheng)會,位于東(dong)經(jing)(jing)112°42′—114°14′、北緯34°16′—34°58′。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)地處(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)腹地,史(shi)謂(wei)“天地之中(zhong)(zhong)”,古(gu)稱商(shang)都,今為綠(lv)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。1928年3月建(jian)市(shi)(shi)(shi),現轄6區(qu)(qu)(qu)5市(shi)(shi)(shi)1縣(其中(zhong)(zhong),鞏義為河(he)南省(sheng)直管縣行政體制改革試點市(shi)(shi)(shi))及(ji)鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)航空(kong)港(gang)實驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)(鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)新鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)綜合保稅區(qu)(qu)(qu))、鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)東(dong)新區(qu)(qu)(qu)、鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)經(jing)(jing)開(kai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)高新區(qu)(qu)(qu)。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)總面積7446平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li),人口(kou)988.1萬(wan)人,市(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)面積1010平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li),中(zhong)(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)成區(qu)(qu)(qu)面積549.33平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(含航空(kong)港(gang)經(jing)(jing)濟綜合實驗區(qu)(qu)(qu)),市(shi)(shi)(shi)域城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)成區(qu)(qu)(qu)面積830.97平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化率72.2%。鄭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)歷史(shi)文化名城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)優秀(xiu)旅游(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、國(guo)家衛生城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、國(guo)家園林城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、國(guo)家森林城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、全(quan)國(guo)綠(lv)化模范城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、全(quan)國(guo)科技進步先進市(shi)(shi)(shi)、全(quan)國(guo)雙擁模范城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)、全(quan)國(guo)文明城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。
鄭州(zhou)市位于秦嶺東段余(yu)脈、中國第(di)二級(ji)地(di)貌(mao)臺階與第(di)三級(ji)地(di)貌(mao)臺階的交(jiao)接過渡(du)(du)地(di)帶。總的地(di)勢為西(xi)南高(gao)、東北低(di)(di),呈階梯狀(zhuang)下(xia)降(jiang),由(you)西(xi)部(bu)、西(xi)南部(bu)構造(zao)侵蝕中低(di)(di)山,逐漸下(xia)降(jiang)過渡(du)(du)為構造(zao)剝蝕丘(qiu)陵、黃(huang)土丘(qiu)陵、傾(qing)斜(崗(gang))平原和沖(chong)積平原,形(xing)成(cheng)較為完整的地(di)貌(mao)序列。
鄭州市屬北(bei)溫(wen)帶大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)季風氣候,冷暖(nuan)氣團交替(ti)頻繁(fan),春夏秋冬四(si)季分(fen)明(ming)。冬季漫長而干(gan)冷,雨雪稀少;春季干(gan)燥(zao)少雨多(duo)春旱,冷暖(nuan)多(duo)變大(da)風多(duo);夏季比較炎熱(re),降(jiang)水高度集中;秋季氣候涼(liang)爽,時間短促(cu)。全年平均氣溫(wen)15.6℃;8月份(fen)最(zui)熱(re),月平均氣溫(wen)25.9℃;1月份(fen)最(zui)冷,月平均氣溫(wen)2.15℃。全年平均降(jiang)雨量542.15毫米,無霜期209天。全年日照時間約1869.7小時。
鄭(zheng)州(zhou)市境內有(you)(you)大小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)124條,流(liu)域面積較(jiao)大的(de)河(he)流(liu)有(you)(you)29條,分屬于(yu)黃河(he)和(he)淮河(he)兩大水(shui)(shui)系(xi)。鄭(zheng)州(zhou)市境內的(de)伊洛河(he)、汜水(shui)(shui)河(he)和(he)枯(ku)河(he)是黃河(he)的(de)支(zhi)流(liu)。伊洛河(he)由洛河(he)和(he)伊河(he)交匯(hui)后形成,總長447公里。汜水(shui)(shui)河(he)分為(wei)兩支(zhi),東(dong)支(zhi)發源于(yu)新密市尖山(shan)鄉田種灣村五指嶺北坡(po),西支(zhi)發源于(yu)新密市尖山(shan)鄉鞏(gong)密關村以北五指嶺東(dong)牛旦山(shan),汜水(shui)(shui)河(he)上游東(dong)支(zhi)建有(you)(you)仙鶴(he)湖水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku),西支(zhi)建有(you)(you)峽峪水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)。枯(ku)河(he)古稱“旃然河(he)”。金水(shui)(shui)河(he)為(wei)西南(nan)至東(dong)北流(liu)向(xiang),金水(shui)(shui)經郭家嘴水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)和(he)帝湖水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(原金海水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku))進入(ru)鄭(zheng)州(zhou)市區。
鄭州(zhou)是(shi)(shi)華(hua)夏(xia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)發(fa)祥地、國(guo)家歷史文(wen)(wen)(wen)化名城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)八(ba)大古(gu)都(dou)之一、國(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點支持的六個大遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)片區之一、世界(jie)歷史都(dou)市(shi)聯盟成員(yuan)。歷史上(shang),夏(xia)、商(shang)(shang)、管、鄭、韓建都(dou)于此(ci)(ci),隋、唐(tang)、五代、宋、金(jin)、元、明、清在(zai)此(ci)(ci)設州(zhou)。8000年(nian)前(qian)(qian)的裴李崗(gang)(gang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、6000年(nian)前(qian)(qian)的大河村文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)著名的古(gu)人(ren)類活動(dong)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi);5000年(nian)前(qian)(qian),中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)始祖軒轅黃帝(di)出生并建都(dou)在(zai)鄭州(zhou)這片土地上(shang);3600年(nian)前(qian)(qian),中(zhong)國(guo)第二個奴隸制王朝--商(shang)(shang)朝在(zai)此(ci)(ci)建都(dou),至今中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區依然保(bao)留著7公里(li)(li)(li)長的商(shang)(shang)代城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。全市(shi)擁有商(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、裴李崗(gang)(gang)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、北宋皇陵、軒轅黃帝(di)故里(li)(li)(li)、杜(du)甫(fu)故里(li)(li)(li)、潘安故里(li)(li)(li)等歷史名勝和文(wen)(wen)(wen)化古(gu)跡等不(bu)(bu)可(ke)移(yi)動(dong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)近萬處(chu),其中(zhong)世界(jie)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)產2處(chu),國(guo)家級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)74處(chu)80項,省級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)131處(chu),市(shi)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)246處(chu),可(ke)移(yi)動(dong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)近15萬件(套(tao)),文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)數量和規(gui)模(mo)居(ju)全國(guo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)前(qian)(qian)列,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)為數不(bu)(bu)多的文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分布密集型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)。
鄭州(zhou)市多年平(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)42.6億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),地(di)(di)表水水資(zi)(zi)源量(liang)4.94億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),地(di)(di)下水資(zi)(zi)源量(liang)9.53億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),地(di)(di)表水與地(di)(di)下水重(zhong)復量(liang)為(wei)3.24億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),水資(zi)(zi)源總量(liang)為(wei)11.24億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),產水模(mo)數為(wei)15.1萬立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/平(ping)方(fang)公里,人均(jun)水資(zi)(zi)源量(liang)179立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),畝(mu)均(jun)水資(zi)(zi)源量(liang)256立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。屬嚴重(zhong)缺水地(di)(di)區。
鄭州(zhou)市(shi)在(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系劃分上屬于暖溫帶落葉闊葉林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被型(xing),植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源以(yi)嵩山植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)和(he)黃(huang)河(he)濕地植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)為典(dian)型(xing)。鄭州(zhou)市(shi)共有(you)(you)樹種78科(ke)、250多屬、400多種,常見的植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)毛(mao)白楊、大官(guan)楊、旱楊、臭(chou)椿、泡桐、側柏、荊條(tiao)、益母(mu)草(cao)、馬唐、牛筋草(cao)、狗尾草(cao)等。國(guo)家重點保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)銀(yin)杏、野(ye)大豆、野(ye)蓮(lian)等3科(ke),另有(you)(you)多種河(he)南(nan)省重點保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)。這(zhe)些物(wu)(wu)種集中分布在(zai)(zai)鄭州(zhou)市(shi)山區(qu)(qu)和(he)黃(huang)河(he)濕地。
鄭州市境(jing)內發現(xian)有(you)國家級(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)護野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)46種(zhong),其中國家一級(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)9種(zhong),分別是白(bai)(bai)(bai)鸛(guan)、黑鸛(guan)、金雕(diao)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)肩雕(diao)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)尾(wei)海雕(diao)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)頭鶴、丹頂鶴、白(bai)(bai)(bai)鶴、大鴇;國家二級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)37種(zhong),如(ru)大鯢、虎(hu)紋蛙(wa)、白(bai)(bai)(bai)琵鷺(lu)、水(shui)獺(ta)、大天鵝(e)、小(xiao)天鵝(e)、鴛鴦(yang)、鶯、蒼鷹(ying)(ying)、雀(que)鷹(ying)(ying)、松雀(que)鷹(ying)(ying)等(deng)等(deng)。省級(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)19種(zhong),如(ru)青蛙(wa)、蒼鷺(lu)、草(cao)鷺(lu)、大白(bai)(bai)(bai)鷺(lu)、鴻(hong)雁、灰雁、紅腳隼(sun)、夜鷹(ying)(ying)等(deng)等(deng)。國家保(bao)護的有(you)益的或者有(you)重要經(jing)濟(ji)、科學研究(jiu)價值(zhi)的陸生野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)共計206種(zhong)(不含昆(kun)蟲綱(gang)),其中獸綱(gang)23種(zhong)、鳥綱(gang)169種(zhong)、兩棲(qi)綱(gang)6種(zhong)、爬行綱(gang)8種(zhong)。野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)主(zhu)要分布在鄭州地(di)區沿黃區域、山區、平原。
鄭州是全(quan)國(guo)自然資源儲量豐富的城市。已探明的礦(kuang)藏(zang)有(you)煤、鋁礬土(tu)、耐(nai)火粘土(tu)、油(you)石(shi)(shi)等(deng)36種,其中,煤炭保(bao)有(you)儲量63.6億噸(dun),鋁土(tu)礦(kuang)保(bao)有(you)儲量2億噸(dun),耐(nai)火粘土(tu)礦(kuang)、水泥用灰巖(yan)等(deng)為優(you)勢礦(kuang)產,天然油(you)石(shi)(shi)礦(kuang)質優(you)良,是全(quan)國(guo)最(zui)大的油(you)石(shi)(shi)基地之一。
鄭(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)全(quan)國重要的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)、航空(kong)、高速(su)公(gong)路(lu)、電(dian)力、郵政電(dian)信主樞(shu)紐(niu)城市。是(shi)全(quan)國普(pu)通(tong)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)和(he)高速(su)鐵(tie)(tie)路(lu)網(wang)中(zhong)唯一(yi)的(de)“雙十字(zi)”中(zhong)心,鄭(zheng)(zheng)濟(ji)、鄭(zheng)(zheng)萬、鄭(zheng)(zheng)合、高鐵(tie)(tie)鄭(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)(zhou)南站及(ji)配(pei)套工程開(kai)(kai)工建(jian)設(she),米(mi)字(zi)形高鐵(tie)(tie)網(wang)加快(kuai)成型。鄭(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)(zhou)新鄭(zheng)(zheng)國際機場(chang)開(kai)(kai)通(tong)國內外客貨航線194條,旅客吞(tun)吐量突破2430萬人(ren)次、居(ju)國內機場(chang)第13位(wei),貨郵吞(tun)吐量成功(gong)(gong)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)越50萬噸大關,穩居(ju)全(quan)國機場(chang)第7位(wei),首(shou)次躋身全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)機場(chang)前50強。鄭(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)(zhou)是(shi)國家(jia)首(shou)批(pi)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境電(dian)子(zi)貿(mao)(mao)易試(shi)點(dian)城市和(he)國家(jia)級互聯網(wang)骨干直聯點(dian)城市,中(zhong)歐(ou)班(ban)列(lie)(鄭(zheng)(zheng)州(zhou)(zhou))每周(zhou)“去八(ba)回八(ba)”常態化運(yun)營,全(quan)年(nian)開(kai)(kai)行501班(ban),境內外雙樞(shu)紐(niu)、沿途多點(dian)集(ji)疏格(ge)局初步(bu)形成。汽車整車、肉類、水果、冰(bing)鮮水產品、食用水生動物指(zhi)定口岸(an)業務量穩步(bu)提升,郵政口岸(an)成為全(quan)國國際郵件重要集(ji)疏口岸(an),藥(yao)品進(jin)口口岸(an)加快(kuai)建(jian)設(she)。EWTO核心功(gong)(gong)能集(ji)聚區正式掛牌,“買賣全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)網(wang)”和(he)“貿(mao)(mao)易單(dan)一(yi)窗(chuang)口”上線運(yun)行,成功(gong)(gong)舉辦首(shou)屆全(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)跨(kua)(kua)(kua)境電(dian)子(zi)商(shang)務大會,全(quan)年(nian)進(jin)出境商(shang)品9200萬包、貨值(zhi)100億(yi)元,綜(zong)合指(zhi)標全(quan)國領先。
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