染料敏化太陽能電池工作原理
染料敏(min)化(hua)(hua)太陽電(dian)(dian)池主要是(shi)模(mo)仿光合作用(yong)原(yuan)理,染料敏(min)化(hua)(hua)太陽能電(dian)(dian)池具有類似(si)三明治的結構,將納米(mi)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鈦(tai)燒結在導電(dian)(dian)玻璃上,再將光敏(min)染料鑲嵌在多孔納米(mi)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鈦(tai)表面(mian)形成工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)極,在工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)極和對電(dian)(dian)極(通常為擔載了催化(hua)(hua)量鉑或者碳的導電(dian)(dian)玻璃)之間是(shi)含有氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)還原(yuan)物質對(常用(yong)I2和I-) 的液體電(dian)(dian)解質,它浸入(ru)納米(mi)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鈦(tai)的孔穴與光敏(min)染料接觸。
在入射光(guang)(guang)的照射下,鑲嵌在納米二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鈦(tai)表(biao)面的光(guang)(guang)敏染(ran)料吸收(shou)光(guang)(guang)子(zi)(zi),躍遷到激發(fa)態,然后向二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鈦(tai)的導帶注入電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi),染(ran)料成(cheng)為(wei)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)態的正(zheng)離子(zi)(zi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)通過(guo)外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)形成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流到對電(dian)(dian)(dian)極,染(ran)料正(zheng)離子(zi)(zi)接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溶液中還原劑(ji)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi),還原為(wei)最初染(ran)料,而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中的氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)擴散到對電(dian)(dian)(dian)極得(de)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)而(er)使還原劑(ji)得(de)到再(zai)生,形成(cheng)一個完整的循環,在整個過(guo)程中,表(biao)觀上(shang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沒有發(fa)生變化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),而(er)光(guang)(guang)能轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)成(cheng)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能。
染料敏化太陽能電池特點
1、壽命長:使(shi)用(yong)壽命可達15-20年;
2、結構簡單(dan)、易于制造(zao),生產工(gong)藝簡單(dan),易于大規模(mo)工(gong)業化生產;
3、制備電池耗能(neng)較少,能(neng)源回收周期(qi)短;
4、生(sheng)產成(cheng)本較低,僅(jin)為硅太(tai)陽能電(dian)池的(de)1/5~1/10,預計(ji)每峰瓦的(de)電(dian)池的(de)成(cheng)本在10元以內。
5、生產(chan)過程中(zhong)無(wu)毒無(wu)污染;
經過短短十幾年時(shi)間,染(ran)料敏(min)化(hua)太陽電池研究在染(ran)料、電極、電解質(zhi)等各方(fang)面(mian)取得了很大進展。同時(shi)在高效(xiao)率、穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)、耐久性(xing)(xing)、等方(fang)面(mian)還有很大的(de)發展空間。但真正使之走(zou)向產業化(hua),服務于人類,還需要全世界各國科(ke)研工作者的(de)共同努力(li)。
這一新型太(tai)陽(yang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)有著比硅電(dian)(dian)池(chi)更為(wei)廣泛的(de)用途:如可用塑料或金屬薄(bo)板使之輕量(liang)化(hua)(hua)(hua),薄(bo)膜化(hua)(hua)(hua);可使用各種色(se)彩(cai)鮮艷的(de)染料使之多彩(cai)化(hua)(hua)(hua);另外,還可設計成各種形狀的(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使之多樣化(hua)(hua)(hua)。
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