【試(shi)用期陷阱(jing)】畢(bi)業生試(shi)用期陷阱(jing)有(you)哪些 如何避免試(shi)用期陷阱(jing)
陷阱一：試用合格再簽訂勞動合同
先試用(yong)(yong)再簽勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，一般有(you)(you)試用(yong)(yong)階段不簽勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)等同(tong)(tong)于合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)等表(biao)現形式。根據規定：“試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)包含在勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)內(nei)。勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)僅約(yue)定試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)，試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)不成立(li)，該(gai)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)為勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)限(xian)。”也就是說，試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)是依(yi)附于勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)、以(yi)勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)為前提條件的(de)，沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)就沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)條款，不存在單獨的(de)“試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)”。
陷阱二：試用期期限超過法定期限。
一(yi)些用(yong)(yong)人單位規定的試用(yong)(yong)期限過長，如簽訂一(yi)年期勞動合同，試用(yong)(yong)期卻長達(da)6個月。
按規定(ding)：“勞(lao)動合同期(qi)(qi)限3個(ge)月以上(shang)不(bu)(bu)滿1年的，試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過1個(ge)月；勞(lao)動合同期(qi)(qi)限1年以上(shang)不(bu)(bu)滿3年的，試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過2個(ge)月；3年以上(shang)固定(ding)期(qi)(qi)限和(he)無(wu)固定(ding)期(qi)(qi)限的勞(lao)動合同，試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過6個(ge)月。”如果勞(lao)動合同試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)的約(yue)定(ding)超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過了法律(lv)規定(ding)的期(qi)(qi)限，勞(lao)動者(zhe)可(ke)以要求(qiu)變更相應的勞(lao)動合同期(qi)(qi)限，也可(ke)要求(qiu)用人(ren)單(dan)位對超(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)過部分(fen)按照非試(shi)用期(qi)(qi)工資標準(zhun)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)工資。此外，依據規定(ding)，勞(lao)動者(zhe)還有權要求(qiu)用人(ren)單(dan)位支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)賠償金(jin)。
陷阱三：擅自延長試用期或多次試用
有些用人單位往往以(yi)時間(jian)太短(duan)、考(kao)察(cha)不全面、還需(xu)繼續(xu)努力(li)為理(li)由(you)，在原(yuan)試用期(qi)屆(jie)滿后延長(chang)或與勞(lao)動者重新約定試用期(qi)。
按(an)規定(ding)(ding)：“同(tong)一用(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)與同(tong)一勞動者(zhe)(zhe)只能約定(ding)(ding)一次試用(yong)(yong)期。”即用(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)不得以任何理(li)由與勞動者(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)復(fu)約定(ding)(ding)試用(yong)(yong)期，也不得對原(yuan)來(lai)約定(ding)(ding)的(de)試用(yong)(yong)期進(jin)行(xing)延長(chang)。如果單位(wei)在一次試用(yong)(yong)的(de)合理(li)時間(jian)內依然(ran)不能判斷勞動者(zhe)(zhe)是否勝任工作，就應承擔由此而帶來(lai)的(de)風險(xian)。
陷阱四：試用期工資低于最低工資標準
一些用人(ren)單(dan)位把試用期職工(gong)(gong)當作“價廉(lian)物美”的勞(lao)動力，試用期工(gong)(gong)資常常低于最低工(gong)(gong)資標準，甚至(zhi)“零(ling)工(gong)(gong)資”試用。
按規定(ding)(ding)：“勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)的(de)工(gong)資(zi)不得(de)低(di)(di)于(yu)本單(dan)位(wei)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)崗(gang)位(wei)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)檔(dang)工(gong)資(zi)或者(zhe)勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)資(zi)的(de)80%，并不得(de)低(di)(di)于(yu)用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)所在(zai)(zai)地(di)的(de)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)。”勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)內(nei)的(de)工(gong)資(zi)權益受最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)工(gong)資(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)崗(gang)位(wei)最(zui)(zui)低(di)(di)檔(dang)工(gong)資(zi)或者(zhe)勞(lao)動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)資(zi)的(de)80%的(de)雙重(zhong)保護，因此試(shi)用(yong)期(qi)(qi)不是(shi)“廉價期(qi)(qi)”、 “白用(yong)期(qi)(qi)”。
陷阱五：試用期內不為職工繳納社會保險費
有些(xie)用(yong)人單位為(wei)降低(di)用(yong)工成本(ben)，以試用(yong)期(qi)不(bu)包含在勞動(dong)合同期(qi)限中(zhong)，或(huo)(huo)試用(yong)期(qi)滿再說為(wei)由，不(bu)給(gei)勞動(dong)者辦理社會保(bao)險(xian)，勞動(dong)者往往不(bu)懂或(huo)(huo)不(bu)敢提出異議。
根(gen)據(ju)規(gui)定，勞(lao)(lao)動關系自用工之日起建(jian)立，在試用期間，用人(ren)單位和(he)勞(lao)(lao)動者同樣存在勞(lao)(lao)動關系，不能因勞(lao)(lao)動者的試用期身份而加以(yi)限制或與其他勞(lao)(lao)動者區(qu)別對待。同時，社會保險(xian)(xian)是(shi)國家(jia)實施的一項強(qiang)制性的保險(xian)(xian)制度(du)，不管是(shi)用人(ren)單位和(he)勞(lao)(lao)動者私下約定免繳社會保險(xian)(xian)費，還是(shi)以(yi)商業(ye)保險(xian)(xian)取代社會保險(xian)(xian)，都是(shi)無效(xiao)的。
陷阱六：試用期內隨意辭退職工
一些(xie)用人單位認(ren)(ren)為，既然是(shi)試(shi)用，用人單位在(zai)試(shi)用期內(nei)可(ke)以無(wu)條件、隨心所欲地解除勞動(dong)合同，很多職工也認(ren)(ren)為這是(shi)理(li)所當然的事情。
根據規定，在試用(yong)期(qi)中，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)證明(ming)勞(lao)動(dong)者存在不符(fu)合(he)錄(lu)用(yong)條件、嚴(yan)重違紀、嚴(yan)重失職、勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)無效等法(fa)定解除(chu)(chu)情形，才能依(yi)(yi)法(fa)解除(chu)(chu)試用(yong)期(qi)職工(gong)，否則(ze)，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)不得(de)解除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)。用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)在試用(yong)期(qi)解除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)的，還(huan)應當向勞(lao)動(dong)者說明(ming)理由。如果(guo)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)不能證明(ming)勞(lao)動(dong)者“不符(fu)合(he)錄(lu)用(yong)條件”而(er)隨意解除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)，屬(shu)于違法(fa)解除(chu)(chu)，勞(lao)動(dong)者有權(quan)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)要求用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)支(zhi)付(fu)賠(pei)償(chang)金。
