石英鐘原理是什么

石(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)傳感器的(de)核心是傳感元件——壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)石(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)片(pian)。其(qi)工作原理是壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效應，即石(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在某(mou)些方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)受到(dao)機械(xie)應力后，便(bian)會產生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶極子，相反，若在石(shi)英(ying)某(mou)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，則(ze)(ze)其(qi)特(te)定方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)上會產生(sheng)(sheng)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)，這一(yi)現象稱為逆壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效應。若在石(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上施(shi)加交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)，則(ze)(ze)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)格將產生(sheng)(sheng)機械(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動，當外(wai)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)頻(pin)率和晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)固有振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)蕩頻(pin)率一(yi)致時，則(ze)(ze)出現晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)諧振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。由于(yu)石(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在壓(ya)力下產出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)強度很(hen)(hen)小，這樣僅需很(hen)(hen)弱的(de)外(wai)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)即可產生(sheng)(sheng)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)，這一(yi)特(te)性(xing)使壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)石(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)很(hen)(hen)容(rong)易在外(wai)加交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)激勵下產生(sheng)(sheng)諧振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。其(qi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)蕩能量損耗小，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)蕩頻(pin)率極穩(wen)定。這些再加上石(shi)英(ying)優良的(de)機械(xie)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣和化學穩(wen)定性(xing)，使它自(zi)40年(nian)代以來就(jiu)成為石(shi)英(ying)鐘、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子表、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)話、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視、計算機等與數字(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路有關的(de)頻(pin)率基準元件。

石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)晶(jing)體具有(you)一個有(you)趣(qu)的特性(xing)，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)在一側導(dao)入(ru)正電(dian)流(liu)，同時在另一側導(dao)入(ru)負電(dian)流(liu)后，負電(dian)流(liu)一側會收縮并(bing)彎曲(qu)成U字形。如果(guo)定時交替(ti)在石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)晶(jing)體兩側導(dao)入(ru)正、負電(dian)流(liu)，石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)晶(jing)體就(jiu)會產生振蕩(dang)。石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)晶(jing)體就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)根據這種振蕩(dang)計(ji)時的。個人電(dian)腦內置(zhi)的石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)晶(jing)體每秒振蕩(dang)1431萬8180次。石(shi)(shi)英(ying)(ying)鐘的工作原理就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)如此。

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石英鐘有哪些種類

1、電波鐘表

電(dian)波(bo)鐘(zhong)表(biao)的(de)(de)工作原(yuan)理是(shi)(shi)(shi)由標準時間(jian)的(de)(de)授權中(zhong)心將時間(jian)信(xin)(xin)號進(jin)行加密，然后(hou)(hou)通(tong)過低頻(pin)載波(bo)以無線(xian)電(dian)的(de)(de)形(xing)式發播(bo)出去(qu)，最后(hou)(hou)由電(dian)波(bo)鐘(zhong)通(tong)過內(nei)置的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號接收器(qi)接收該信(xin)(xin)號。這(zhe)種鐘(zhong)表(biao)的(de)(de)優點(dian)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)所有時間(jian)顯示都是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)持高(gao)度同步的(de)(de)，準確性非常(chang)高(gao)。

2、晶體管鐘

晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)鐘(zhong)看上去有(you)(you)跟普通的鬧鐘(zhong)一樣，內部采用晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)作(zuo)為開關，而且還有(you)(you)專門的機芯(xin)。這種鐘(zhong)表的性能(neng)比較穩(wen)定，功能(neng)齊全，價格(ge)適(shi)中(zhong)，受到非(fei)常多人的青睞。

3、數顯鐘

數顯(xian)鐘是現(xian)在比較常見(jian)的一種(zhong)，外觀時尚，圖案種(zhong)類很多，使用(yong)壽命很長，很多人進新房(fang)的時候就會購買這種(zhong)鐘表(biao)。它雖(sui)然是采(cai)用(yong)石英晶體作為振蕩器，但是可(ke)(ke)以不用(yong)機械傳動，就可(ke)(ke)以在顯(xian)示器上顯(xian)示時間(jian)。

4、電子鐘表

電子鐘表的(de)工作(zuo)原理主要(yao)是由電池發(fa)出的(de)電能轉化成(cheng)磁(ci)能，再將磁(ci)能轉換(huan)成(cheng)能帶動鐘表的(de)機(ji)械能，以此達到(dao)目的(de)。