臺式機電源適配器的詳細參數 電腦外置電源的工作(zuo)好伴侶

電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)適配(pei)器(qi)（Power adapter）是小(xiao)型便攜式電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)換(huan)設備(bei)，一般由(you)外殼、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)壓器(qi)和整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路組成，按其輸(shu)出(chu)類型可分為交流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)型和直流(liu)輸(shu)出(chu)型；按連(lian)接方式可分為插墻式和桌面式。廣泛配(pei)套于電(dian)(dian)(dian)話子母機、游戲機、語言復讀機、隨身(shen)聽(ting)、筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)、蜂(feng)窩電(dian)(dian)(dian)話等設備(bei)中。

一、概述

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適配器標(biao)簽(qian)(2張(zhang))如圖所示(shi)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適配器（下面稱(cheng)adapter）的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)簽(qian)上(shang)面一(yi)般(ban)會(hui)有幾項(xiang)是(shi)(shi)需要(yao)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。第一(yi)，是(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)(de)(de)型號(hao)，例如這(zhe)(zhe)顆adapter的(de)(de)(de)(de)型號(hao)是(shi)(shi)XVE-120100，它告(gao)訴了我們幾個信(xin)息，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)廠商、主要(yao)參數(shu)等，XVE開(kai)頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)般(ban)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)##公司代號(hao)，120100就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)說明這(zhe)(zhe)個adapter是(shi)(shi)12W的(de)(de)(de)(de)，050200的(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)10W的(de)(de)(de)(de)；第二就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)(de)(de)INPUT（輸入），在(zai)中國通用的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)(shi)100-240V~50-60Hz，這(zhe)(zhe)說明這(zhe)(zhe)顆adapter可(ke)(ke)以在(zai)100V-240V的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下面正常工作；第三就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)adapter的(de)(de)(de)(de)OUTPUT(輸出)，兩(liang)個數(shu)字可(ke)(ke)以很(hen)快速的(de)(de)(de)(de)算出這(zhe)(zhe)個adapter的(de)(de)(de)(de)瓦數(shu)，例如這(zhe)(zhe)個adapter，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓12V*電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)1A=12W（功率），說明這(zhe)(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)12W的(de)(de)(de)(de)adapter。

多數(shu)筆記(ji)本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配器可以適合用(yong)于100～240V交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(50/60Hz)。基本上大部份的(de)筆記(ji)本電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)都把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源外置(zhi)，用(yong)一條(tiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線和(he)主機連接，這樣可以縮小主機的(de)體積和(he)重量，只(zhi)有(you)極(ji)少數(shu)的(de)機型把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源內置(zhi)在主機內。

在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配(pei)器(qi)上都(dou)有(you)一(yi)個(ge)銘牌，上面標示著功率(lv)，輸入(ru)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流量(liang)等(deng)指標，特(te)別要注意輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)范圍，這就是所(suo)謂的(de)“旅行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源適配(pei)器(qi)”，如果到市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)只(zhi)有(you)110V的(de)國家時，這個(ge)特(te)性就很有(you)用了，有(you)些水(shui)貨筆記本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)是只(zhi)在原(yuan)產地(di)銷售的(de)，沒有(you)這種兼容電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)設計(ji)，甚至只(zhi)有(you)110V的(de)單(dan)一(yi)輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，在我國的(de)220V市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)下插上就會燒毀。

二、注意事項

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)適配器（以下(xia)簡稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)）的(de)(de)標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流是什么意思？首先，一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)標(biao)稱的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，是指開(kai)路(lu)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是外面不(bu)接任(ren)何(he)負載(zai)，沒有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流輸(shu)出時候的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，所以也可以理(li)解為(wei)，此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)上限(xian)。

對(dui)于電源內(nei)部使用(yong)了主動穩壓(ya)的(de)元件的(de)情況下(xia)，即使市電電壓(ya)有所波動，其(qi)輸出(chu)也是恒定值，象市面上一般的(de)小(xiao)變壓(ya)器，比(bi)如隨身聽(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)類配的(de)電源，如果(guo)市電波動，該電源的(de)輸出(chu)也不(bu)會隨之(zhi)(zhi)波動的(de)。

一般來(lai)講普通電(dian)源適(shi)配器的(de)(de)真(zhen)正空載電(dian)壓也不(bu)一定和標稱電(dian)壓完全一致(zhi)，因為電(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)的(de)(de)特(te)性不(bu)可能完全一致(zhi)，所以有一定的(de)(de)誤差，誤差越小，對電(dian)子(zi)元(yuan)件(jian)的(de)(de)一致(zhi)性要(yao)求越高，生產的(de)(de)成本就高了(le)，所以價格也就貴一些了(le)。

另(ling)外，關于(yu)標稱的電(dian)流(liu)值，無論(lun)任何電(dian)源都有一定的內阻，因(yin)此當電(dian)源輸出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)的時候，會在內部產生(sheng)壓降(jiang)，導致兩件事情，一個(ge)是產生(sheng)熱量，所以電(dian)源會熱，另(ling)一個(ge)是導致輸出(chu)電(dian)壓降(jiang)低，相(xiang)當于(yu)內部消耗。

2、都是同(tong)樣標稱電壓的電源(yuan)，輸出電流不同(tong)，能不能用在同(tong)一(yi)臺本本上？

電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓一樣，輸出電(dian)(dian)流不同(tong)(tong)(tong)，能不能用在同(tong)(tong)(tong)一臺本本上。基(ji)本的(de)原(yuan)則是大標稱電(dian)(dian)流的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)可以(yi)代(dai)替小標稱電(dian)(dian)流的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)。估計有人會這樣想(xiang)，覺得大標稱電(dian)(dian)流的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)會燒壞本本，因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)流大了嘛。實際上電(dian)(dian)流多大在電(dian)(dian)壓相同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)情況(kuang)下取決于負載，呵呵，，想(xiang)想(xiang)初(chu)中的(de)物理就知道了。

當本(ben)本(ben)高負荷運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)些(xie)，本(ben)本(ben)進入待機的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)就小(xiao)些(xie)，大(da)標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)余量(liang)。反之，有(you)人用(yong)56w的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)替72w的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)起來(lai)也沒什么問(wen)題，原因是(shi)通常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)適配器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計留有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)余量(liang)，負載功(gong)(gong)率都(dou)要(yao)(yao)小(xiao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)功(gong)(gong)率，所以這種代(dai)替在一般(ban)使用(yong)上(shang)是(shi)可行的(de)(de)(de)，但是(shi)剩余的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)功(gong)(gong)率余量(liang)就很少了(le)(le)，一旦你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)本(ben)接(jie)了(le)(le)很多外設(she)(she)，比如兩塊usb硬(ying)盤，然(ran)后cpu全(quan)速(su)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，再有(you)一個底(di)座(zuo)，上(shang)面來(lai)個光(guang)驅全(quan)速(su)讀盤，再加上(shang)同(tong)時(shi)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，估計就危(wei)險了(le)(le)，要(yao)(yao)隨(sui)時(shi)用(yong)手摸摸你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)不是(shi)已經可以煮雞蛋(dan)了(le)(le)。所以最(zui)好不要(yao)(yao)用(yong)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)替大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。

3、一模一樣的(de)(de)機器(qi)，別人的(de)(de)電源溫溫的(de)(de)，我的(de)(de)總(zong)是很燙，為(wei)什(shen)么？

先(xian)不要(yao)懷疑你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)有(you)問題(ti)，先(xian)看看你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)本本在干(gan)什么，是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)像上面說的(de)(de)(de)兩塊USB硬盤，CPU全速(su)運轉，硬盤瘋狂讀寫，光驅全速(su)讀盤，同時給電(dian)池充電(dian)，大(da)聲放著音樂，屏幕亮度最大(da)，無線(xian)網卡一直(zhi)在偵測信號等(deng)等(deng)，善用電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管理，根據任務合理調整本本的(de)(de)(de)工作狀態是(shi)(shi)很重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)。

4、電源標(biao)稱(cheng)電壓(ya)比我的本本電池(chi)電壓(ya)高很多，不會出事吧(ba)？

首先，要(yao)知(zhi)道的是，電(dian)源給(gei)本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)供電(dian)與電(dian)池給(gei)本(ben)(ben)本(ben)(ben)供電(dian)是不同的。

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)輸出是純直流(liu)，干凈得很，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓既不(bu)可(ke)能也不(bu)需要設(she)計得很高(gao)，鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)化(hua)學(xue)特(te)性決定了(le)一節電(dian)(dian)芯的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓只能在3.6V左右，所(suo)以(yi)很多電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都是采用三級串聯的(de)方式，10.8V也就(jiu)成了(le)很流(liu)行的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓。有些(xie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)標稱(cheng)值比3.6V的(de)整數倍稍大一些(xie)，比如3.7V或者(zhe)11.2V等等，其(qi)實是為了(le)保護電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)，情況(kuang)就復(fu)雜(za)(za)一(yi)些，首先(xian)需要(yao)對加入(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)進行進一(yi)步的(de)(de)(de)穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)濾波，以(yi)保證(zheng)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)性能不很好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下穩定(ding)工作，穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)后的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)成兩個部分(fen)(fen)，一(yi)路(lu)給(gei)本(ben)本(ben)工作供電(dian)(dian)，另一(yi)路(lu)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，給(gei)本(ben)本(ben)供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)那部分(fen)(fen)同(tong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)供電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)時候相同(tong)，而給(gei)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)那部分(fen)(fen)需要(yao)通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)才(cai)(cai)可以(yi)加在(zai)電(dian)(dian)芯上，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)可以(yi)很復(fu)雜(za)(za)，所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)必須大于電(dian)(dian)芯電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)才(cai)(cai)有充(chong)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)能力供應給(gei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)單元。最后真(zhen)正加到(dao)電(dian)(dian)芯上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)決不會是你的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)標稱的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。放心(xin)好(hao)(hao)了(le)。

用途

開關電(dian)源產品(pin)廣泛應用于工(gong)業自動化控制(zhi)、軍工(gong)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、科研設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、LED照明(ming)、工(gong)控設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、電(dian)力設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、儀器(qi)儀表、醫(yi)療設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)、半導體制(zhi)冷制(zhi)熱(re)、空氣凈化器(qi)，電(dian)子冰(bing)箱(xiang)，液(ye)晶顯示器(qi)，LED燈具，通(tong)訊(xun)(xun)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)，視(shi)聽(ting)產品(pin)，安防，電(dian)腦機(ji)箱(xiang)，數(shu)碼產品(pin)和儀器(qi)類等(deng)領域(yu)。

電路圖

給出(chu)了電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器的(de)典型電(dian)(dian)路圖(tu)，需要維修電(dian)(dian)源適(shi)配器的(de)維修人員可(ke)參考該電(dian)(dian)路圖(tu)。

典型電源適配(pei)器電路圖。

平面圖

此(ci)圖(tu)是(shi)標準(zhun)的電源(yuan)適配器(qi)平面圖(tu)，含配線圖(tu)，出處。