【光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)熔(rong)接(jie)】光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)熔(rong)接(jie)是什(shen)么 光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)熔(rong)接(jie)接(jie)法與操作技(ji)巧
光纜熔接是一項細致的工作(zuo),特(te)別在端面制備、熔接、盤纖等環節,要(yao)求操作(zuo)者仔細觀(guan)察,周(zhou)密考慮,操作(zuo)規范。本(ben)文為您詳(xiang)細介(jie)紹了其中的步驟和實(shi)際(ji)操作(zuo)技巧。
一、光纖熔接
光纖(xian)熔接(jie)(jie)是(shi)接(jie)(jie)續工(gong)作的中(zhong)心環節,因此高性能熔接(jie)(jie)機(ji)和熔接(jie)(jie)過(guo)程中(zhong)科學操作是(shi)十分必要的。
2.1熔(rong)接機的選(xuan)擇
應根據光纜工程要求,配備蓄電池容(rong)量(liang)和精密度合適(shi)的熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)設備。按照經驗(yan),日本FSM—30S電(dian)弧(hu)熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)機(ji)性(xing)能優良、運行穩定、熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)質(zhi)量(liang)高,且配(pei)有(you)防塵防風罩、大容(rong)量(liang)電(dian)池(chi),適(shi)宜(yi)于各(ge)種大中型(xing)光纜(lan)工程。而(er)西門子X—76熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)(jie)機(ji)體(ti)積較小、操作簡單、備有(you)簡易切刀,蓄電(dian)池(chi)和主(zhu)機(ji)合二為(wei)一,攜帶方便,精度比(bi)前(qian)者(zhe)稍差(cha),電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)較小適(shi)宜(yi)于中小型(xing)光纜(lan)工程。
2.2熔接程序
熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)前(qian)根據(ju)光纖(xian)的材料(liao)和(he)類型,設置好最佳預熔(rong)(rong)(rong)主熔(rong)(rong)(rong)電流(liu)和(he)時間以(yi)及(ji)(ji)光纖(xian)送入量等(deng)關鍵(jian)參數。熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)過(guo)程(cheng)中還應(ying)及(ji)(ji)時清(qing)潔熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)機(ji)“V”形槽、電極(ji)、物(wu)鏡、熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)室(shi)等(deng),隨時觀察熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)中有無氣泡、過(guo)細(xi)、過(guo)粗、虛(xu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)、分(fen)離等(deng)不良現(xian)(xian)象,注意OTDR測(ce)(ce)試(shi)儀(yi)表跟蹤監測(ce)(ce)結果,及(ji)(ji)時分(fen)析產生(sheng)上述(shu)不良現(xian)(xian)象的原因(yin),采(cai)取相(xiang)應(ying)的改進措施。如(ru)多(duo)次出現(xian)(xian)虛(xu)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)現(xian)(xian)象,應(ying)檢(jian)查熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)的兩根光纖(xian)的材料(liao)、型號(hao)是(shi)否匹配,切刀和(he)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)機(ji)是(shi)否被灰塵污(wu)染,并檢(jian)查電極(ji)氧化狀況,若均無問題則應(ying)適(shi)當提高(gao)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)接(jie)電流(liu)。
二、原則和步驟
光纖熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)的方法一般有(you)熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)、活動連接(jie)(jie)、機械連接(jie)(jie)三種。在(zai)實際工(gong)程中基(ji)本(ben)采(cai)用(yong)熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)法,因為熔(rong)接(jie)(jie)方法的節點損耗小,反射損耗大,可靠性高(gao)。
1、光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜熔(rong)接(jie)時應該遵循的(de)(de)原則芯(xin)數(shu)(shu)相(xiang)同(tong)時,要同(tong)束(shu)(shu)管(guan)內的(de)(de)對(dui)應色(se)(se)(se)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖;芯(xin)數(shu)(shu)不同(tong)時,按順(shun)(shun)序先熔(rong)接(jie)大(da)芯(xin)數(shu)(shu)再接(jie)小芯(xin)數(shu)(shu),常見的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜有層絞式、骨架(jia)式和(he)中心(xin)管(guan)束(shu)(shu)式光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜,纖芯(xin)的(de)(de)顏色(se)(se)(se)按順(shun)(shun)序分為(wei)(wei)蘭、桔(jie)、綠、棕(zong)、灰(hui)、白、紅、黑、黃、紫、粉、青。多芯(xin)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜把不同(tong)顏色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纖放(fang)在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)束(shu)(shu)中成為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)組,這樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)根光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜內里(li)可能有好幾個管(guan)束(shu)(shu)。正對(dui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜橫切(qie)面,把紅束(shu)(shu)管(guan)看作光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜的(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)管(guan)束(shu)(shu),順(shun)(shun)時針依次為(wei)(wei)綠、白1、白2、白3等。
2、光纜的(de)熔接過程
第一步,開剝光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan),并(bing)將光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)固(gu)(gu)定到(dao)(dao)接續盒內。在固(gu)(gu)定多束(shu)管層式光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)時(shi)由于(yu)要(yao)(yao)分層盤(pan)纖,各束(shu)管應依序(xu)放置,以免纏(chan)絞。將光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)穿入接續盒,固(gu)(gu)定鋼(gang)絲時(shi)一定要(yao)(yao)壓緊(jin),不能有(you)松動。否則,有(you)可(ke)能造(zao)成光(guang)(guang)(guang)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)打滾(gun)纖芯(xin)。注意不要(yao)(yao)傷到(dao)(dao)管束(shu),開剝長度(du)取(qu)取(qu)1米左(zuo)右,用衛生紙將油膏擦拭干(gan)凈。
第二步,將(jiang)光(guang)纖(xian)穿過熱(re)(re)縮管。將(jiang)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)管束、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)顏色的(de)光(guang)纖(xian)分開,穿過熱(re)(re)縮套管。剝(bo)去涂抹層的(de)光(guang)纜很(hen)脆弱使用(yong)熱(re)(re)縮套管,可以(yi)保護光(guang)纖(xian)接頭。
第(di)三步,打(da)開熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)源,選擇合適(shi)的(de)熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)方(fang)式。熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)機的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源有直流和交流兩種(zhong),要(yao)根(gen)據供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)種(zhong)類(lei)來(lai)合理開關。每次使(shi)用熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)機前,應使(shi)熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)機在(zai)熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)環境中(zhong)放置(zhi)至少15分鐘。根(gen)據光纖類(lei)型設(she)置(zhi)熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)參數、預放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)及(ji)主放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、主放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)等。如沒有特殊情況,一般選擇用自動熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)程序。在(zai)使(shi)用中(zhong)和使(shi)用后要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)去除熔(rong)(rong)接(jie)機中(zhong)的(de)粉塵和光纖碎末(mo)。
第四(si)步(bu),制作(zuo)光纖(xian)端面。光纖(xian)端面制作(zuo)的好(hao)壞將直接(jie)影(ying)響接(jie)續質量,所(suo)以在熔接(jie)前一定要做好(hao)合格的端面。
第五步,裸纖的清潔將棉花撕成面平整的小塊,粘少許酒精,夾住已經剝覆的光纖,順光纖軸向擦拭,用力要適度,每次要使用棉花的不同部位和層面,這樣即可以提高棉花利用率。
第六步(bu),裸纖的切(qie)割(ge),首先清潔切(qie)刀和(he)調(diao)整切(qie)刀位置(zhi),切(qie)刀的擺放要平穩,切(qie)割(ge)時,動(dong)作要自然,平穩,勿(wu)重,勿(wu)輕。避免斷纖、斜角、毛刺及裂(lie)痕(hen)等不(bu)良(liang)端面產生(sheng)。第七(qi)步(bu),放置(zhi)光(guang)纖將光(guang)纖放在熔接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)機的V形槽中,小心(xin)壓上光(guang)纖壓板和(he)光(guang)纖夾具,要根據光(guang)纖切(qie)割(ge)長度設(she)置(zhi)光(guang)纖在壓板中的位置(zhi),關上防風罩,按熔接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)鍵就可以(yi)(yi)自動(dong)完(wan)成(cheng)熔接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),在熔接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)機顯(xian)示屏上會顯(xian)示估算(suan)(suan)的損耗值。第八步(bu),移出光(guang)纖用熔接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)機加熱爐(lu)加熱。熔接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)就算(suan)(suan)完(wan)成(cheng)了,完(wan)成(cheng)后有需要的話還可以(yi)(yi)測試光(guang)纜(lan)線路有無故障。
三、確保質量
加(jia)強OTDR測試儀(yi)表的監(jian)測,對確保光(guang)纖的熔接質量、減小因盤纖帶(dai)來的附加(jia)損(sun)耗和封(feng)盒可能對光(guang)纖造成(cheng)的損(sun)害,具有十分重(zhong)要的意義。在整個接續工作中,必須嚴格(ge)執行(xing)OTDR測試儀(yi)表的四道監(jian)測程(cheng)序:
1)熔(rong)(rong)接過程中(zhong)對每一芯光纖進(jin)行實時(shi)跟(gen)蹤監測,檢查每一個熔(rong)(rong)接點(dian)的質(zhi)量;
2)每(mei)次(ci)盤纖后,對(dui)所盤光纖進行(xing)例檢,以確定盤纖帶來的附加損耗;
3)封(feng)接(jie)續盒前對所有光(guang)纖進行統一測(ce)(ce)定,以查明(ming)有無漏測(ce)(ce)和光(guang)纖預留空間(jian)對光(guang)纖及接(jie)頭有無擠壓;
4)封盒后,對所有光纖進行最后監測,以檢查封盒是否對光纖有損害。