【木(mu)芯板】什么是木(mu)芯板 木(mu)芯板的特點及(ji)用途介紹
細木工板俗稱大(da)芯板(ban)(ban)(ban),也稱木(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban)(ban)(ban),是由兩(liang)片單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)間膠壓拼接木(mu)(mu)(mu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)而成。中(zhong)間木(mu)(mu)(mu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)是由優(you)(you)質(zhi)天然的(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)方經熱處(chu)理(即(ji)烘干(gan)室(shi)烘干(gan))以后,加工(gong)成一定規格的(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)條(tiao),由拼板(ban)(ban)(ban)機拼接而成。拼接后的(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)兩(liang)面各覆蓋兩(liang)層優(you)(you)質(zhi)單(dan)板(ban)(ban)(ban),再經冷(leng)、熱壓機膠壓后制成。與(yu)刨花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban),中(zhong)密度纖維板(ban)(ban)(ban)相比(bi),其(qi)天然木(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)特性更順應人類自然的(de)要求;它具有質(zhi)輕、易加工(gong)、握釘(ding)力好、不變形等優(you)(you)點(dian),是室(shi)內(nei)裝修(xiu)和(he)高(gao)檔家具制作的(de)理想材(cai)料。
構(gou)造(zao):細(xi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban)(ban)最外層(ceng)的(de)單板(ban)(ban)叫(jiao)表板(ban)(ban),內層(ceng)單板(ban)(ban)稱(cheng)中(zhong)板(ban)(ban),板(ban)(ban)芯層(ceng)稱(cheng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)芯板(ban)(ban),組成(cheng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)芯板(ban)(ban)的(de)小木(mu)(mu)(mu)條稱(cheng)為芯條,規定芯條的(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)紋方(fang)向為板(ban)(ban)材的(de)縱向。
木(mu)芯板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)主要作(zuo)(zuo)用是為板(ban)材提供一定的(de)(de)(de)厚度和強度,中板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)主要作(zuo)(zuo)用是使板(ban)材具有足夠的(de)(de)(de)橫向(xiang)(xiang)強度,同時緩沖因木(mu)芯板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)平整給板(ban)面(mian)帶來的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)良(liang)影(ying)響,表板(ban)除(chu)了使板(ban)面(mian)美觀以(yi)外,還可以(yi)提高板(ban)材的(de)(de)(de)縱向(xiang)(xiang)強度。
因為細木(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban)是特(te)殊的膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)板(ban),以在生產工(gong)藝中(zhong)也要同時(shi)遵循對稱原(yuan)則,以避(bi)免板(ban)材(cai)翹曲變(bian)形,作為一(yi)種厚(hou)(hou)板(ban)材(cai),細木(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban)具有普通厚(hou)(hou)膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)板(ban)的美麗(li)外觀和相近的強度,但細木(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban)比(bi)厚(hou)(hou)膠(jiao)(jiao)合(he)板(ban)質地輕,耗膠(jiao)(jiao)少,投資省(sheng)。
實木(mu)(mu)(mu)拼板(ban)(ban)比較,細木(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban)(ban)尺寸穩定,不易變形(xing),有(you)效地克服木(mu)(mu)(mu)材各向異性(xing),具有(you)較高(gao)的(de)橫(heng)向強度,由(you)于嚴格遵守對稱(cheng)組坯原則,有(you)效地避免了板(ban)(ban)材的(de)翹曲(qu)變形(xing)。細木(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban)(ban)板(ban)(ban)面(mian)美觀(guan),幅面(mian)寬大(da),使用(yong)方便。細木(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban)(ban)主要應用(yong)于家俱制造(zao)、門板(ban)(ban)、壁板(ban)(ban)等。
芯條占(zhan)細木(mu)工(gong)板(ban)體積60%以上,與(yu)細木(mu)工(gong)板(ban)的(de)質量有很大(da)關系(xi)。制造(zao)芯條的(de)樹種最好采(cai)用材質較(jiao)軟(ruan),木(mu)材結構均勻、變形(xing)(xing)小、干(gan)縮率(lv)小,而且木(mu)材弦向(xiang)(xiang)和徑向(xiang)(xiang)干(gan)縮率(lv)差異較(jiao)小的(de)樹種,易加工(gong)、芯條的(de)尺寸、形(xing)(xing)狀較(jiao)精確,則(ze)成(cheng)品板(ban)面平整性好,板(ban)材不(bu)(bu)易變形(xing)(xing),重量較(jiao)輕,有利于使用。一般芯條含水率(lv)8%--12%,北方空(kong)氣干(gan)燥可(ke)為(wei)6%--12%,南方地區(qu)空(kong)氣濕度大(da),但不(bu)(bu)得超過15%。
木芯板的特性
細木(mu)工板握螺釘力好,強度高,具有質堅、吸聲、絕熱等特(te)點,而且含水率不高,在10%—13%之間,加工簡便,用途最為廣泛。
細木工板比(bi)實(shi)木板材穩定(ding)性強,但怕潮濕(shi),施工中應注意(yi)避(bi)免用在廚衛。
細木工(gong)板(ban)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)分為機(ji)拼(pin)與手拼(pin)兩(liang)種(zhong)。手工(gong)拼(pin)制是用人工(gong)將木條鑲入(ru)夾板(ban)中,木條受到(dao)的(de)擠壓(ya)力較小(xiao)(xiao),拼(pin)接不(bu)均勻(yun),縫隙大,握(wo)釘力差(cha),不(bu)能(neng)鋸切加(jia)工(gong),只適宜做部分裝修的(de)子(zi)項目,如(ru)做實木地板(ban)的(de)墊(dian)層毛板(ban)等。而機(ji)拼(pin)的(de)板(ban)材受到(dao)的(de)擠壓(ya)力較大,縫隙極小(xiao)(xiao),拼(pin)接平(ping)整(zheng),承重力均勻(yun),長期使用,結構(gou)緊(jin)湊不(bu)易變形。
材質(zhi)不同,質(zhi)量有(you)異(yi),大芯(xin)板根據材質(zhi)的優劣及面材的質(zhi)地分為“優等品”、“一等品”及“合格品”。也有(you)企(qi)業(ye)將板材等級標為A級、雙A級和三A級,但(dan)是(shi)(shi)這只是(shi)(shi)企(qi)業(ye)行為,與國(guo)家標準不符,目前(qian)市場上已經不允許出現這種標注。
細木(mu)工(gong)板的材(cai)(cai)種(zhong)有許(xu)多種(zhong),如楊木(mu)、樺(hua)木(mu)、松木(mu)、泡桐(tong)等,其中以楊木(mu)、樺(hua)木(mu)為最(zui)好(hao),質地(di)密實,木(mu)質不(bu)(bu)軟不(bu)(bu)硬(ying)(ying),握(wo)釘(ding)力強,不(bu)(bu)易(yi)變形,而泡桐(tong)的質地(di)很輕(qing)、較軟、吸(xi)收水(shui)分(fen)(fen)大(da),握(wo)釘(ding)力差,不(bu)(bu)易(yi)烘干,制成的板材(cai)(cai)在使用過(guo)程中,當水(shui)分(fen)(fen)蒸發后,板材(cai)(cai)易(yi)干裂變形。而硬(ying)(ying)木(mu)質地(di)堅硬(ying)(ying),不(bu)(bu)易(yi)壓(ya)制,拼(pin)接(jie)結(jie)構不(bu)(bu)好(hao),握(wo)釘(ding)力差,變形系(xi)數大(da)。
木芯板的用途
家具、門窗及套(tao)、隔斷、假墻、暖氣罩、窗(chuang)簾盒等。
木芯板的選擇
細木(mu)工板(ban)(ban)表(biao)面應平整,無(wu)翹曲、變形,無(wu)起泡、凹(ao)陷;芯(xin)(xin)條(tiao)排列均勻整齊,縫(feng)隙(xi)小,芯(xin)(xin)條(tiao)無(wu)腐朽(xiu)、斷(duan)裂、蟲孔、節疤(ba)等(deng)。有(you)(you)(you)的(de)細木(mu)工板(ban)(ban)偷(tou)工減料(liao),實(shi)木(mu)條(tiao)的(de)縫(feng)隙(xi)大,如果(guo)在縫(feng)隙(xi)處(chu)打釘,則基本(ben)沒有(you)(you)(you)握(wo)釘力(li)。消費者選擇時可以對著太(tai)陽(yang)看(kan),實(shi)木(mu)條(tiao)的(de)縫(feng)隙(xi)處(chu)會(hui)透(tou)白(bai)。如果(guo)細木(mu)工板(ban)(ban)的(de)膠合(he)強度不好(hao),掂(dian)其一(yi)端會(hui)有(you)(you)(you)“吱吱”的(de)開膠聲。如果(guo)大芯(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)散發清香的(de)木(mu)材(cai)氣味(wei),說明甲醛(quan)釋(shi)放(fang)量較(jiao)(jiao)少;如果(guo)氣味(wei)刺(ci)鼻,說明甲醛(quan)釋(shi)放(fang)量較(jiao)(jiao)多。
細木(mu)工板(ban)(ban)(ban)質量差異(yi)很大,在(zai)(zai)選購時要認(ren)真檢查。首先(xian)看芯(xin)材質地是(shi)否(fou)密(mi)實,有(you)無(wu)明顯縫及腐朽(xiu)變質木(mu)條,有(you)無(wu)明顯縫及腐朽(xiu)變質木(mu)條,腐朽(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)木(mu)條內可(ke)能存(cun)在(zai)(zai)蟲(chong)卵(luan),日后(hou)易(yi)發生蟲(chong)蛀;再(zai)看周圍有(you)無(wu)補膠、補膩子的(de)(de)(de)現象(xiang),這種現象(xiang)一(yi)般(ban)是(shi)為了彌補內部的(de)(de)(de)裂痕或(huo)空(kong)洞(dong);再(zai)就是(shi)用尖(jian)嘴器具(ju)敲擊板(ban)(ban)(ban)材表面,聽一(yi)下聲(sheng)(sheng)音是(shi)否(fou)有(you)很大差異(yi),如(ru)果聲(sheng)(sheng)音有(you)變化,說明板(ban)(ban)(ban)材內部存(cun)在(zai)(zai)空(kong)洞(dong)。這些現象(xiang)會使(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材整體承(cheng)重(zhong)力減(jian)弱,長期的(de)(de)(de)受力不均勻會使(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材結構發生扭(niu)曲、變形,影響(xiang)外觀(guan)及使(shi)用效果。