【油鋸(ju)】油鋸(ju)的分類(lei)有哪(na)些 油鋸(ju)的分類(lei)詳解
根據(ju)鋸(ju)把(ba)(ba)(ba)型式(shi)可分為(wei)高(gao)把(ba)(ba)(ba)油鋸(ju)和(he)矮把(ba)(ba)(ba)油鋸(ju)兩類。高(gao)把(ba)(ba)(ba)油鋸(ju)在(zai)雙臂(bei)上的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量分配均(jun)勻,攜帶(dai)方便,作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)不需大彎腰,機具(ju)維(wei)修簡易;矮把(ba)(ba)(ba)油鋸(ju)結(jie)構緊(jin)湊,重(zhong)量輕,作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)時(shi)振動較小,適宜(yi)于山地林區進(jin)行伐木、打枝、造(zao)材(cai)等綜合作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)。按(an)發動機功率(lv)可分為(wei)大型、中型、小型和(he)微型:4.4千(qian)瓦以上的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)大型;3~4千(qian)瓦的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)中型;1~2千(qian)瓦的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)小型;1.5千(qian)瓦以下的(de)(de)(de)為(wei)微型。
基本(ben)構造一般由(you)發動(dong)機(ji)、傳(chuan)動(dong)機(ji)構、鋸(ju)木機(ji)構等組成。作業時,動(dong)力通過傳(chuan)動(dong)機(ji)構驅動(dong)鋸(ju)鏈,使鋸(ju)鏈沿導板作連(lian)續運動(dong)來(lai)鋸(ju)切木材(cai)。
①發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。一(yi)般為單缸風(feng)冷二沖程高速汽油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。為適應油(you)鋸(ju)在不(bu)同(tong)鋸(ju)切(qie)方向(xiang)不(bu)同(tong)位置作業,采用帶有輸油(you)泵的(de)泵膜(mo)式化油(you)器,利用曲軸(zhou)箱內(nei)的(de)壓力(li)脈動(dong)驅動(dong)膜(mo)片泵油(you),使發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在任何位置上都能正常供油(you)。此外(wai),還日益廣(guang)泛地采用晶體管無觸點(dian)磁電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)點(dian)火系(xi)統和單向(xiang)閥進(jin)氣系(xi)統等(deng)新(xin)型(xing)結構,從而提高了(le)發動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)使用性(xing)能。
②傳(chuan)動機構。包括離(li)心式摩擦離(li)合器和減(jian)速器。減(jian)速器一(yi)般采(cai)用圓(yuan)錐齒輪減(jian)速器(只用于高把(ba)油鋸(ju)),便于使(shi)鋸(ju)木機構相對于機體作水(shui)平和垂直調節,以適(shi)應伐(fa)木和造材時不(bu)同鋸(ju)切方向的需要。
③鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)木機(ji)(ji)構。是(shi)油鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)的工作部件,包括驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈(lian)(lian)輪、鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)、導板、鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)張緊裝置和插木齒等。驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈(lian)(lian)輪在發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)下(xia)旋轉,再驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)沿導板運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)進(jin)行切削作業。
鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)有直(zhi)齒型(xing)(xing)和角鋼型(xing)(xing)(萬能型(xing)(xing))兩種,直(zhi)齒型(xing)(xing)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)橫截木材(cai)(cai);角鋼型(xing)(xing)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)可對木材(cai)(cai)進行橫截或斜向(xiang)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)切,制造(zao)簡便,銼磨也較直(zhi)齒型(xing)(xing)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)簡易,是應用(yong)較廣(guang)的鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)型(xing)(xing)式。插木齒是油(you)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)在鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)木時(shi)的支撐點,它將油(you)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的部分重量(liang)和鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鏈(lian)(lian)切削木材(cai)(cai)時(shi)的反作(zuo)用(yong)力,作(zuo)用(yong)到木材(cai)(cai)本身,從而(er)減輕(qing)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo)者的勞動(dong)強(qiang)度。為便于(yu)(yu)操(cao)(cao)(cao)作(zuo),油(you)鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)還設(she)有包括鋸(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)把在內的操(cao)(cao)(cao)縱(zong)裝(zhuang)置。
發展趨向采(cai)用新(xin)(xin)材料、新(xin)(xin)工藝、新(xin)(xin)結構,以(yi)進一步減(jian)輕(qing)油鋸重量;減(jian)小噪(zao)音與振動,減(jian)低空氣污染,以(yi)改善操作(zuo)條件;增設安(an)全(quan)保護裝置,以(yi)提(ti)高使(shi)用可(ke)靠性和安(an)全(quan)性;同時將繼續完善以(yi)轉子發動機為動力的新(xin)(xin)型(xing)油鋸及遙控(kong)油鋸。