UPS電源系統

UPS電(dian)源(yuan)系統(tong)由4部(bu)分組(zu)成：整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)、儲(chu)能、變(bian)換和開(kai)關控制(zhi)。其(qi)系統(tong)的(de)穩壓(ya)功能通常(chang)是由整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器完(wan)成的(de)，整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器件采用可(ke)控硅(gui)或高頻開(kai)關整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器，本身具(ju)有(you)可(ke)根據外電(dian)的(de)變(bian)化控制(zhi)輸(shu)出(chu)幅度的(de)功能，從而當外電(dian)發生變(bian)化時（該變(bian)化應(ying)滿足系統(tong)要求），輸(shu)出(chu)幅度基本不變(bian)的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)。

凈化功能(neng)由儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)電池來(lai)完成，由于整(zheng)流器對瞬時(shi)脈沖(chong)干(gan)擾(rao)不能(neng)消除(chu)，整(zheng)流后的(de)(de)電壓仍存在干(gan)擾(rao)脈沖(chong)。儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)電池除(chu)可存儲(chu)(chu)直(zhi)流直(zhi)能(neng)的(de)(de)功能(neng)外，對整(zheng)流器來(lai)說(shuo)就(jiu)像接了一(yi)只大(da)(da)(da)容(rong)器電容(rong)器，其等效電容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)，與儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)電池容(rong)量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)成正比。

由于(yu)電容(rong)兩端的(de)(de)(de)電壓是不能突變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)，即利用了(le)電容(rong)器對(dui)脈沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)滑特(te)性消除(chu)了(le)脈沖(chong)干擾(rao)，起到了(le)凈化功能，也稱對(dui)干擾(rao)的(de)(de)(de)屏蔽(bi)。頻(pin)率的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)則由變(bian)換器來完成(cheng)，頻(pin)率穩(wen)定(ding)度(du)取決于(yu)變(bian)換器的(de)(de)(de)振蕩頻(pin)率的(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定(ding)程度(du)。為方便UPS電源系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)日常操作(zuo)與維護，設(she)計了(le)系(xi)(xi)統工作(zuo)開(kai)關，主機自檢故障后的(de)(de)(de)自動旁(pang)路開(kai)關，檢修旁(pang)路開(kai)關等(deng)開(kai)關控制。

在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)工作(zuo)正常(chang)時(shi)，給負載(zai)(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而且，同(tong)時(shi)給儲能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當突(tu)發停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，UPS電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開始工作(zuo)，由儲能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)工給負載(zai)(zai)所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，維持正常(chang)的生產；當由于生產需要，負載(zai)(zai)嚴重過載(zai)(zai)時(shi)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)經整流直(zhi)接給負載(zai)(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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UPS電源工作原理

1、AC-DC變換：將電(dian)(dian)網(wang)來的交流電(dian)(dian)經自耦變壓器(qi)降壓、全波整流、濾(lv)波變為直流電(dian)(dian)壓，供給逆變電(dian)(dian)路。AC-DC輸入有軟啟動電(dian)(dian)路，可避免開機時對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的沖擊。

2、DC-AC逆變電路：采(cai)用大功(gong)率IGBT模(mo)塊全(quan)橋逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)電(dian)路(lu)，具有很大的功(gong)率富余量，在輸出動(dong)態范圍內輸出阻抗特別小，具有快速(su)響應特性。由(you)于(yu)采(cai)用高頻調制限流技術(shu)，及快速(su)短路(lu)保(bao)護技術(shu)，使逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)器(qi)無論是(shi)供電(dian)電(dian)壓瞬變(bian)還是(shi)負載沖擊或(huo)短路(lu)，均可安全(quan)可靠地工作。

3、控制驅動：控制(zhi)驅動是完成整機功能控制(zhi)的核(he)心，它除了(le)提供檢(jian)測、保護、同步以及各種開關和顯示驅動信(xin)號外，還完成SPWM正弦脈(mo)寬(kuan)調制(zhi)的控制(zhi)，由于采用靜態(tai)和動態(tai)雙重(zhong)電(dian)壓(ya)反(fan)饋。極大地(di)改善了(le)逆(ni)變(bian)器的動態(tai)特性(xing)和穩定性(xing)。

UPS電源工作過程

當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常380Vac時(shi)，直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)主回路(lu)有(you)直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，供(gong)(gong)給DC-AC交流(liu)(liu)(liu)逆(ni)變器，輸出(chu)穩定的(de)220Vac交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，同(tong)時(shi)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)任何時(shi)候市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)欠(qian)壓或突然掉(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組通過隔(ge)離二極管(guan)開關(guan)向直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)回路(lu)饋送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)沒有(you)切換時(shi)間。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能(neng)量(liang)即將耗盡時(shi)，不間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發出(chu)聲光報警，并在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)限點停止逆(ni)變器工作，長鳴告警。

不(bu)間(jian)(jian)斷電(dian)源還有過載(zai)保護功(gong)能(neng)，當發生超(chao)載(zai)（150%負載(zai)）時，跳到旁路狀態，并在(zai)負載(zai)正常時自(zi)動返(fan)回。當發生嚴(yan)重超(chao)載(zai)（超(chao)過200%額(e)定負載(zai)）時，不(bu)間(jian)(jian)斷電(dian)源立(li)即(ji)停止(zhi)逆變器輸(shu)出(chu)并跳到旁路狀態，此時前面空氣開(kai)關也可(ke)能(neng)跳閘(zha)。消(xiao)除故(gu)障后(hou)，只要合上開(kai)關，重新開(kai)機(ji)(ji)即(ji)開(kai)始恢復工(gong)作。為使不(bu)間(jian)(jian)斷電(dian)源充分(fen)工(gong)作，避(bi)免(mian)在(zai)過載(zai)或(huo)欠載(zai)下運行，電(dian)源在(zai)開(kai)機(ji)(ji)前，首先(xian)計(ji)算負載(zai)容(rong)量(liang)。FR-UK型不(bu)間(jian)(jian)斷電(dian)源（標稱額(e)定功(gong)率(lv)）80%的(de)阻(zu)性負載(zai)設計(ji)負載(zai)能(neng)力(li)，一般帶計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)負載(zai)時可(ke)承受的(de)按下式估算：

∑i=1 n Pi≤P

其(qi)中(zhong)P為(wei)不間(jian)斷電源輸(shu)出容(rong)量（VA），P為(wei)第i個負載伏安數

每套PLC功率： 220V*0.5=110VA

每臺(tai)操作站功率： 220V*2A=440VA

IBM PC客戶機及(ji)服務器：220V*1.5A=330VA

則總功率：10*110VA+4*440VA+11*330VA=6?90VA

6?90VA/0.8=8112VA

因此，在這條棒材生產線上，采用10KVA的不間斷電(dian)源比(bi)較合(he)適(shi)。