鬼(gui)(gui)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)中國姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏之(zhi)一,鬼(gui)(gui)也作(zuo)傀(kui)、隗,古音(yin)讀作(zuo)wěi,但(dan)(dan)不(bu)可讀作(zuo)guǐ。得姓(xing)(xing)(xing)始祖是(shi)鬼(gui)(gui)臾區。鬼(gui)(gui)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)一個(ge)多淵(yuan)源多民族的(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏,但(dan)(dan)現在已經少有(you)人姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。分布未(wei)知。
鬼姓源出有:
源(yuan)自(zi)夏(xia)代(dai)通(tong)靈(ling)師,這(zhe)可以(yi)在《姓(xing)氏考略》得到印(yin)證(zheng)。此淵(yuan)(yuan)源(yuan)姓(xing)氏特點有3處(chu)(chu),一(yi)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)左(zuo)臂(bei)有黑痣。另一(yi)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)左(zuo)耳后(hou)(hou)側有痣。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)脖子后(hou)(hou)有痣。三處(chu)(chu)有一(yi)處(chu)(chu)就此淵(yuan)(yuan)源(yuan)后(hou)(hou)裔。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)與占卜祭(ji)祀(si)(si)相關,所以(yi)隨著佛道盛行,中國本(ben)土的(de)(de)原始(shi)宗教沒落和被打擊,清代(dai)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)此淵(yuan)(yuan)源(yuan)的(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)裔大(da)部分(fen)都流(liu)散到異國他(ta)鄉。此淵(yuan)(yuan)源(yuan)姓(xing)氏為(wei)(wei)(wei)古代(dai)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)人(ren)員所以(yi)遵(zun)從原始(shi)薩滿教,除非祭(ji)祀(si)(si)禁忌(ji)宰殺食用蛇、猴、穿山甲(jia)、野鳥飛(fei)禽(qin),禁忌(ji)佩(pei)戴象牙、犀角,以(yi)羽毫石(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)族守護石(shi)。
源于(yu)姜姓,出(chu)自炎帝(di)衍支鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)后鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)臾(yu)區,屬于(yu)以(yi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)名(ming)稱為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)”字的(de)(de)(de)(de)古義,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)精(jing)靈(ling)。實(shi)際上,古人(ren)(ren)(ren)認為(wei)(wei)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)”是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)死后的(de)(de)(de)(de)靈(ling)氣(qi),可以(yi)為(wei)(wei)神祉,可佑后人(ren)(ren)(ren)。最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)”,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)母親死后的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺留形象(xiang),是(shi)(shi)母系氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)社(she)會中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神支撐文(wen)(wen)化之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),后來(lai),逐漸延(yan)伸為(wei)(wei)對所(suo)(suo)有(you)死去之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)靈(ling)魂的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱謂。因(yin)(yin)此,“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)”與(yu)非人(ren)(ren)(ren)族(zu)(zu)(zu)所(suo)(suo)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“怪”決然不(bu)同。古人(ren)(ren)(ren)對“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)”是(shi)(shi)崇敬祀(si)奉,因(yin)(yin)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)”是(shi)(shi)逝(shi)母,何(he)懼之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)?人(ren)(ren)(ren)類所(suo)(suo)懼怕的(de)(de)(de)(de)并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui),而是(shi)(shi)不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)何(he)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)“怪”。后來(lai),人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)將農歷7月半定(ding)為(wei)(wei)“盂(yu)蘭盆節”,舉(ju)族(zu)(zu)(zu)祀(si)奉悼念逝(shi)去的(de)(de)(de)(de)家族(zu)(zu)(zu)親人(ren)(ren)(ren),俗稱“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)節”,屆(jie)時人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)沿河(he)(he)放燈,映(ying)河(he)(he)緩(huan)去的(de)(de)(de)(de)如星燈火,寄托了在(zai)世(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情思,照亮不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)在(zai)何(he)處(chu)、但一(yi)定(ding)會通橋轉世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)“奈何(he)橋”的(de)(de)(de)(de)逝(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。進入父系氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)社(she)會后,“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)”逐漸演變為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類族(zu)(zu)(zu)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)征,典(dian)型(xing)代表就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)象(xiang)征炎帝(di)衍支的(de)(de)(de)(de)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部族(zu)(zu)(zu),在(zai)史籍《古今人(ren)(ren)(ren)表》中(zhong)所(suo)(suo)記載的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)臾(yu)區,都是(shi)(shi)該部族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物。鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)臾(yu)區,一(yi)作鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)容區,是(shi)(shi)傳說中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上古醫(yi)家,黃帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)臣,他擅(shan)于(yu)五(wu)行之(zhi)(zhi)說。唐(tang)朝學者王冰住(zhu)在(zai)《素問》中(zhong)就(jiu)黃帝(di)問于(yu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)臾(yu)區所(suo)(suo)答“臣積(ji)考太始天元冊(ce)文(wen)(wen)曰(yue)”時指出(chu):“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)臾(yu)區十(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)祖始誦而行之(zhi)(zhi),此太古占候靈(ling)文(wen)(wen),洎乎伏(fu)義之(zhi)(zhi)時,巳鐫諸王版,命曰(yue)冊(ce)文(wen)(wen)。”由此可知(zhi)(zhi)確有(you)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)臾(yu)區其(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),本(ben)書(shu)認為(wei)(wei),此當系神農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后相傳十(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)醫(yi)。
鬼臾區的后裔子孫(sun),就以其先(xian)祖所出部落名稱(cheng)(cheng)為姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi),稱(cheng)(cheng)鬼氏(shi)(shi)(shi),是非(fei)常古早且神圣的行(xing)姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)一,正確的姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)讀音作(zuo)wěi(ㄨㄟˇ)。
源于(yu)(yu)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)方氏(shi),出(chu)(chu)自商、周(zhou)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)居(ju)于(yu)(yu)西北(bei)方戎狄(di)族(zu)之(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)方氏(shi),屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)部(bu)族(zu)名(ming)稱(cheng)為(wei)氏(shi)。鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)方,是商、周(zhou)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)居(ju)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)西北(bei)方的(de)(de)少數民(min)族(zu),其(qi)活動載(zai)于(yu)(yu)《汲(ji)冢周(zhou)書(shu)》、《易經》、《山海經》、《古本竹書(shu)紀年》、《史(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)·殷(yin)本紀》和出(chu)(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)《小(xiao)盂鼎》及(ji)商周(zhou)甲骨(gu)卜辭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。漠南(nan)地區多(duo)次發生(sheng)討伐鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)方的(de)(de)大(da)規(gui)模戰爭,甲骨(gu)卜辭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)方易”的(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載(zai),即鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)方氏(shi)族(zu)向遠(yuan)方遷徙走了(le)。據史(shi)(shi)料記(ji)(ji)載(zai),當時(shi)(shi)居(ju)于(yu)(yu)匈奴以(yi)(yi)北(bei)和康居(ju)之(zhi)北(bei)(今巴爾喀什湖和咸海之(zhi)間,東至烏孫,西達奄蔡,南(nan)接大(da)月(yue)氏(shi),東南(nan)臨大(da)宛)。春秋時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),漢(han)(han)史(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)稱(cheng)這一(yi)族(zu)人作(zuo)(zuo)“鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)方”。其(qi)后,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)秦(qin)、漢(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)又以(yi)(yi)“丁(ding)(ding)零(ling)”的(de)(de)名(ming)字出(chu)(chu)現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)籍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。丁(ding)(ding)零(ling),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)籍《山海經》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)“釘靈”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)籍《史(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)·匈奴列傳》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)“丁(ding)(ding)靈”,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)籍《漢(han)(han)書(shu)·蘇(su)武傳》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)“丁(ding)(ding)零(ling),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)史(shi)(shi)籍《魏略·西戎傳》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)“丁(ding)(ding)令”。兩漢(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),丁(ding)(ding)零(ling)族(zu)南(nan)遷蒙古高(gao)(gao)原,史(shi)(shi)稱(cheng)狄(di)歷(li)、敕勒或(huo)鐵勒。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)后來史(shi)(shi)書(shu)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)車六部(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),狄(di)歷(li)為(wei)其(qi)一(yi),且(qie)為(wei)六部(bu)之(zhi)首。其(qi)他五部(bu)分(fen)別為(wei)袁(yuan)紇(he)部(bu)、斛律氏(shi)、解批(pi)氏(shi)、護骨(gu)氏(shi)、異(yi)奇斤(jin)氏(shi),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)袁(yuan)紇(he)部(bu)是歷(li)史(shi)(shi)上最早出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)“回紇(he)民(min)族(zu)”漢(han)(han)文譯(yi)名(ming)。
二(er)十(shi)世紀八十(shi)年代以來(lai),經中(zhong)國、前蘇聯、蒙古等(deng)國考古工作者(zhe)的(de)發掘與研究,證明(ming)了(le)鬼(gui)方氏族(zu)人后來(lai)遷徙(xi)到了(le)南西伯利亞,分布于東起貝加爾湖,西至(zhi)巴爾喀什(shen)湖一(yi)帶地區(qu),世人稱之族(zu)人為鬼(gui)氏,正確的(de)姓氏讀(du)音亦(yi)作kuí(ㄎㄨㄟˊ)。
鬼[傀、隗,讀(du)音作wěi(ㄨㄟˇ),亦可讀(du)作kuí(ㄎㄨㄟˊ),就是(shi)不可讀(du)作guǐ(ㄍㄨㄟˇ)]
殷(yin)諸侯(hou)。《禮記·明堂(tang)位》:“昔(xi)殷(yin)紂(zhou)(zhou)亂天下,脯(fu)鬼侯(hou)以(yi)饗諸侯(hou)。”《戰國策·趙策三》:“昔(xi)者(zhe)鬼侯(hou)、鄂(e)侯(hou)、文王,紂(zhou)(zhou)之三公也。鬼侯(hou)有(you)子而好(hao),故(gu)入之於紂(zhou)(zhou)。以(yi)為惡,醢(hai)鬼侯(hou)。”按(an)《史記·殷(yin)本紀》作“九(jiu)侯(hou)”。
鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)臾(yu)(yu)區(qu)(生卒年待考),亦名鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)容(rong)區(qu),號大鴻(hong)。著名黃帝(di)之(zhi)臣,五(wu)行(xing)醫(yi)學創始人,傳說中的上古(gu)醫(yi)家,他擅于(yu)五(wu)行(xing)之(zhi)說,為神農(nong)氏(shi)后相傳十世之(zhi)世醫(yi)。鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)臾(yu)(yu)區(qu)曾佐黃帝(di)發明五(wu)行(xing),詳論脈經(jing),于(yu)難經(jing)究盡其義理,以為經(jing)論。鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)臾(yu)(yu)區(qu)的后裔(yi)子孫,就以其先祖所(suo)出部落名稱為姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),稱鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)氏(shi)。鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)氏(shi)族人皆奉鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)臾(yu)(yu)區(qu)為得姓(xing)(xing)始祖。