山門
云巖(yan)(yan)寺(si)(si)山(shan)門重(zhong)建于清乾隆八年(nian)(公元1巖(yan)(yan)寺(si)(si)景(jing)觀743年(nian)),面(mian)闊三間(jian)呈(cheng)八字形,高7.35米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)11.5米(mi)(mi),為歇山(shan)式假重(zhong)檐結構,前隹砌(qi)刻(ke)石獅,木 柱上(shang)出雕花雀(que)替、撐弓、落罩,上(shang)雕花紋和人像,屋脊翼角(jiao)造型(xing)別致,琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)屋面(mian),顯(xian)得(de)富麗堂(tang)皇(huang),當心間(jian)裝林門為通道,左右(you)次間(jian)原塑有(you)白(bai)馬二匹,有(you)馬排子(zi)之別名(ming),門上(shang)施瓜柱,縣立匾,著名(ming)書法(fa)家于右(you)任手跡“云巖(yan)(yan)寺(si)(si)”金(jin)光(guang)閃(shan)閃(shan)。門外不遠立有(you)二鐵桅(wei)桿(gan),桅(wei)桿(gan)直(zhi)徑29厘(li)米(mi)(mi),高11米(mi)(mi),在(zai)離地面(mian)8米(mi)(mi)高處分別刻(ke)有(you)“風調雨順”、和 “國泰民安(an)”八字。桅(wei)桿(gan)高聳與山(shan)門相映成輝(hui),更顯(xian)得(de)云巖(yan)(yan)寺(si)(si)古樸典(dian)雅。
文武殿
為云巖寺的第二(er)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)筑,重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)于清乾隆七(qi)年(公元1742年),因原塑有(you)(you)關羽與文(wen)昌(chang)而(er)得名。臺下(xia)原設有(you)(you)金水橋,兩旁有(you)(you)高(gao)大(da)古柏,文(wen)革中(zhong)倒塌(ta)。1989年再次重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian),基本(ben)保持其原來的建(jian)筑網絡。側(ce)后(hou)造(zao)重(zhong)(zhong)檐琉(liu)璃瓦鐘、鼓(gu)樓、風(feng)置(zhi)放清代遺存的鐵鐘、皮鼓(gu)。
護法殿
又名(ming)天王(wang)殿。因內塑有四(si)大(da)(da)天王(wang)而得名(ming)。該殿重建(jian)于清康熙四(si)十一年(nian)(公元1702年(nian)),為一面(mian)闊三間的單檐(yan)歇山式建(jian)筑。梁架施有叉手保留有宋(song)元網絡,高(gao)8.5米,寬14.2米,前面(mian)辟(pi)雕花(hua)六合站(zhan),上刻道(dao)教(jiao)八(ba)仙人物(wu)圖(tu)案(an),地上鋪方磚,上作藻井,裝(zhuang)木板,析上原作壁(bi)畫,乃(nai)明代遺物(wu),殿中供奉(feng)彌勒佛像,佛肚大(da)(da)體壯,笑容可鞠,兩(liang)側(ce)塑四(si)大(da)(da)天王(wang)像,手持(chi)降龍伏虎之寶(bao)物(wu),面(mian)目(mu)威武猙(zheng)獰,門外有古桂兩(liang)棵,一為金桂,一為月桂,月月如秋,香飄四(si)季。
大雄殿
是云巖寺的(de)主體(ti),門(men)(men)外設臺階(jie),臺階(jie)中安(an)盤龍(long)浮雕御道,兩(liang)(liang)側修記事碑亭。殿(dian)(dian)為單檐歇山式建筑(zhu),高(gao)10.2米,寬14米,氣勢雄偉。前廊柱上(shang)施裝飾斗拱,安(an)龍(long)、象(xiang)之(zhi)雀替(ti)。前面裝六合(he)門(men)(men),上(shang)雕龍(long)紋,其余(yu)三方火磚封墻(qiang),上(shang)嵌(qian)琉璃件圖案,殿(dian)(dian)中設神龕(kan),上(shang)坐佛祖釋(shi)迦(jia)牟尼,側侍阿(a)藍、迦(jia)葉,兩(liang)(liang)旁塑十(shi)八羅漢,門(men)(men)外有耇書法家謝(xie)無(wu)量撰寫(xie)的(de)楹聯:“飄渺得仙梯過(guo)眼云煙(yan)都是幻,逍遙(yao)齊物理(li)行天日月(yue)本(ben)無(wu)私”。精湛的(de)楹聯,肅(su)穆的(de)殿(dian)(dian)堂,烘托出一派神秘深邃的(de)氣氛。
經藏
大殿(dian)西側(ce)殿(dian)內尚存宋代木(mu)(mu)作轉(zhuan)輪經藏(zang)(zang)(又稱(cheng)飛(fei)天(tian)藏(zang)(zang)、星辰(chen)車)飛(fei)天(tian)藏(zang)(zang)是(shi)根(gen)據宋代李明仲《營造法式》的(de)(de)小木(mu)(mu)作轉(zhuan)輪經藏(zang)(zang)而建(jian)造的(de)(de)。整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)藏(zang)(zang)身(shen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間立有(you)一根(gen)直徑為0.5米(mi)的(de)(de)大圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu),圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)的(de)(de)下端(duan)固定于地坑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形如鐵(tie)鵝臺桶子的(de)(de)六角藏(zang)(zang)針上(名叫“壽(shou)山佛海”),上端(duan)則包在梁(liang)架之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)上再加以木(mu)(mu)枋,并裝(zhuang)上木(mu)(mu)板(ban),便形成了八(ba)棱八(ba)方四層的(de)(de)巨型木(mu)(mu)塔。整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)藏(zang)(zang)身(shen)高10.8米(mi),直徑7.5米(mi),即(ji)使是(shi)在幾(ji)百年后的(de)(de)今天(tian),整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)飛(fei)天(tian)藏(zang)(zang)仍可以在人的(de)(de)推動下轉(zhuan)動。 整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)轉(zhuan)輪工藝精美,是(shi)一件(jian)珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)古代木(mu)(mu)雕作品。
歷史介紹
云巖寺飛天(tian)藏(zang)殿系南宋僧人真明于淳(chun)熙(xi)八(ba)年 (1181) 創建(jian),元至正年間(jian)重(zhong)葺,清(qing)康熙(xi)五(wu)十(shi)八(ba)年(1719)及乾隆十(shi)九年(1754)均(jun)(jun)曾補(bu)修(見圖)。面闊進深各三(san)間(jian),16.5米(mi),前檐有廊,重(zhong)檐歇山頂,總高15.8米(mi)。上(shang)下兩層檐下均(jun)(jun)施四鋪作斗(dou)栱,補(bu)間(jian)僅用一朵。昂(ang)為(wei)(wei)批竹昂(ang),昂(ang)首(shou)上(shang)挑至平榑(fu),柱側(ce)腳和生起都十(shi)分(fen)明顯。殿內藏(zang)身通高10.3米(mi),狀如木塔,最大直(zhi)徑7.5米(mi)。軸(zhou)心為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)徑 50厘(li)米(mi)的大圓木,下托(tuo)鐵軸(zhou)承,旋(xuan)轉自如。軸(zhou)上(shang)穿梁枋,裝木板(ban),構成八(ba)角形框架。框架外(wai)鑲(xiang)小木雕作天(tian)宮樓閣、屋(wu)檐、梁柱、勾欄、平座、斗(dou)栱。藏(zang)體可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)藏(zang)座、腰檐、藏(zang)輪三(san)部(bu)
分,結構精密,氣(qi)勢宏大。板壁上的(de)鏤刻(ke)(ke)花(hua)卉和梁(liang)枋上的(de)彩畫均(jun)極精美。八(ba)面(mian)板壁和天宮樓閣(ge)內雕有一(yi)套(tao)完整的(de)宋代道教神系人物,原刻(ke)(ke)204個,現存125個。
飛天藏(zang)建筑特(te)點有(you)三:一是藏(zang)身施(shi)斜(xie)栱,為(wei)遼金習用形制,假下昂的“嘴”細長,由(you)曲斜(xie)斗栱組成的金錢斗與(yu)(yu)如意(yi)栱為(wei)晚期形式;二是天宮樓(lou)閣、龜頭(tou)殿、格(ge)子(zi)門均為(wei)宋(song)式,藏(zang)座副(fu)階檐柱所施(shi)纏柱繞(rao)龍與(yu)(yu)大足北山石(shi)雕轉輪經藏(zang)相同;三是營造制度和細部處理(li)手(shou)法(fa)與(yu)(yu)宋(song)元(yuan)相同,但又有(you)若(ruo)干更早和較晚的建造特(te)征,是研究道教藝術(shu)和宋(song)元(yuan)建筑的歷史瑰寶。 1949年以來多次撥款對寺廟進(jin)行維修。現由(you)江油縣文物保護管理(li)所保護管理(li)。
損毀嚴重
第三(san)批全國重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)云巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)寺(si)坐落于(yu)江油市北25公里(li)的竇圌(chui)山上(shang),唐僖宗李儇敕令在竇圌(chui)山建(jian)造一座(zuo)云巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)寺(si),其(qi)后經(jing)宋、元、明、清幾代(dai)修葺交替。興盛于(yu)宋代(dai),明末毀于(yu)兵火,現存的云巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)寺(si),除飛(fei)(fei)天(tian)藏殿外,其(qi)余皆(jie)是清代(dai)康熙至道光年間重(zhong)建(jian)。云巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)寺(si)坐北朝南,臨巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)負(fu)山。占地26畝,建(jian)筑面積5051平(ping)方米(mi)。從(cong)山門起依次(ci)建(jian)有(you):文(wen)武(wu)殿、天(tian)王殿、大(da)雄(xiong)殿、藏經(jing)樓,左右兩(liang)側(ce)輔有(you)鐘鼓樓、東禪堂、飛(fei)(fei)天(tian)藏殿等(deng)。
飛天(tian)藏(zang)殿建(jian)(jian)于宋(song)淳熙7年(nian)(1180年(nian)),面闊(kuo)17米,進(jin)深19.09米,高16.91米,為重檐(yan)宋(song)式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。上下都施五鋪作斗拱,殿中(zhong)置飛天(tian)藏(zang)(轉(zhuan)輪經藏(zang)或稱(cheng)星辰車),是根據(ju)宋(song)代《營造(zao)法式》小木作轉(zhuan)輪經藏(zang)而(er)建(jian)(jian),但結構(gou)更為復雜,規模更為宏偉,為國(guo)內罕見。飛天(tian)藏(zang)殿是我國(guo)現(xian)存(cun)的(de)為數不多的(de)宋(song)代建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),是四川省現(xian)存(cun)最古老的(de)木結構(gou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。
這次汶川特大地震,給竇(dou)圌(chui)山(shan)云巖(yan)寺(si)(si)造成巨大損壞(huai)。竇(dou)圌(chui)山(shan)道路沉陷、垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)約(yue)(yue)2公里;主峰傾斜、裂(lie)縫,部(bu)(bu)分(fen)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)方(fang)(fang),南北面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)下(xia)沉約(yue)(yue)1米(mi);山(shan)體滑(hua)坡,鐵(tie)索橋斷裂(lie)1根。云巖(yan)寺(si)(si)山(shan)門,屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、飛檐(yan)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)15平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi));文武殿(dian)(dian)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)5平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi));天王殿(dian)(dian)兩側(ce)山(shan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體約(yue)(yue)65平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)),殿(dian)(dian)內塑像垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),瓦屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)滑(hua)落(luo);飛天藏殿(dian)(dian)兩側(ce)山(shan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、后金(jin)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)250平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi);大雄殿(dian)(dian)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)脊飾垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)受損嚴重,三面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)(yue)200平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),塑像裂(lie)縫、傾斜;玉(yu)皇殿(dian)(dian)、東岳殿(dian)(dian)、竇(dou)真殿(dian)(dian)、超然亭、春臺、娘娘殿(dian)(dian)整體垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta);財神殿(dian)(dian)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)瓦部(bu)(bu)分(fen)滑(hua)落(luo),塑像垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta);魯班殿(dian)(dian)四(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta),屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)別受損(約(yue)(yue)20平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi));十王殿(dian)(dian)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)約(yue)(yue)200平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi),墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)約(yue)(yue)350平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi);圍墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)垮(kua)(kua)塌(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。