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保安寺(寧夏回族自治區中衛市中寧縣)
0 票數:0 #佛教寺廟#
保安寺位于寧夏中衛縣高廟村,前平后臺,分上下兩院,上為高廟,下為保安寺,占地面積四千一百多平方米,因重樓疊閣,建筑面積邊五千六百多平方米。其下原有廟產油坊一所。車院房舍一區,寺前廣場五畝,戲臺影樓對座于廣場之南。習慣地把下邊的保安寺包括在內,通稱“高廟”。據地方志記載保安寺建于宋代,為佛教僧眾靜修弘法之地。中衛高廟集中國南北古建筑特點于一體,充分顯現了古代勞動人民的聰明智慧和精湛技藝。保安寺以其獨特的群體古建筑和包羅萬象的合體宗教信仰。
  • 所在地/隸屬: 寧夏回(hui)族自(zi)治區中衛市中寧縣舟塔鄉鐵渠村
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簡介

清康熙四十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月,因(yin)(yin)強烈地震,高廟保(bao)安(an)寺(si)殿堂傾圮(pi),后經四年(nian)(nian)修整方(fang)復原貌。至乾隆年(nian)(nian)間(jian),廟寺(si)再次(ci)傾于(yu)地震之災,時由(you)(you)住持廣壽(shou)法師,率徒(tu)續因(yin)(yin)、續行,啟(qi)發(fa)地方(fang)善信,保(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)存者,補其(qi)(qi)(qi)毀者。至咸豐八年(nian)(nian)同增建(jian)(jian)(jian)的磚牌(pai)坊、東(dong)西天池(chi)、轉圈樓以及山門,廣場、影樓戲臺(tai)全部(bu)竣工(gong)。地方(fang)紳士尊其(qi)(qi)(qi)三教(jiao)同源之說,將最(zui)(zui)頂層(ceng)供(gong)奉玉皇大(da)帝,故爾新廟又(you)稱“玉皇閣”。一九(jiu)四二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)農歷(li)二(er)(er)月十(shi)五日(ri),因(yin)(yin)廟會失(shi)火,高廟保(bao)安(an)寺(si)磚牌(pai)坊以上的建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑全部(bu)付(fu)之一炬(ju),次(ci)年(nian)(nian)由(you)(you)信士梁邦振、詹毓麟等助捐募化,陳銘信士提(ti)任木(mu)工(gong)總設計(ji),再與(yu)土木(mu),歷(li)時四年(nian)(nian)方(fang)完工(gong)。新建(jian)(jian)(jian)寺(si)廟因(yin)(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)執事(shi)瑤池(chi)徒(tu),將瑤池(chi)金母和(he)十(shi)二(er)(er)仙女之像供(gong)于(yu)最(zui)(zui)頂之層(ceng),所以新建(jian)(jian)(jian)廟宇(yu)又(you)稱“高廟”。

特色

高廟保安寺(si)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)特(te)點是(shi)集中(zhong)、緊湊、重(zhong)疊(die)、回曲、高雅。整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)計縱向沿中(zhong)軸線展開,橫(heng)向左右(you)對稱,逐(zhu)次(ci)伸進(jin),升高,平地(di)高臺渾為(wei)一體。其布局上下(xia)貫通(tong)(tong),前部(bu)分(fen)是(shi)保安寺(si),山(shan)(shan)門建(jian)(jian)接引(yin)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),簡(jian)樸(pu)淡雅。進(jin)山(shan)(shan)門通(tong)(tong)院落(luo),迎面(mian)(mian)是(shi)三(san)(san)鳳(feng)朝陽的(de)木(mu)刻(ke)小牌(pai)坊,小巧俊(jun)秀(xiu),亭(ting)亭(ting)玉立,往(wang)北步(bu)和(he)古(gu)樸(pu)大(da)(da)方的(de)天(tian)王殿,東(dong)西兩側各有祠堂(tang),院落(luo)左右(you)廂各配殿宇(yu)。通(tong)(tong)天(tian)王殿,登(deng)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)級臺階,下(xia)有東(dong)西貫通(tong)(tong)的(de)弧形(xing)隧(sui)道(dao),叫地(di)獄宮,清咸(xian)豐八年增建(jian)(jian)的(de)三(san)(san)孔磚牌(pai)坊,巍然屹立在隧(sui)道(dao)之上。設(she)計別具匠心,磚雕工藝精美,內容豐富(fu)多彩。再十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)級臺階,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)“華藏玄(xuan)門”,繞(rao)過(guo)屏障,迎面(mian)(mian)是(shi)重(zhong)疊(die)三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)“大(da)(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿”,二(er)(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)“西方三(san)(san)圣殿”,三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)“五(wu)方佛(fo)殿”。主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)高二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)九米,為(wei)九轉七工程,大(da)(da)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)頂騰空拔起,氣勢宏偉(wei)。主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)前建(jian)(jian)有三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)玲瓏(long)俊(jun)秀(xiu)的(de)“大(da)(da)悲閣”(俗(su)稱中(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)),其造型之奇特(te),雕刻(ke)藝術之精美為(wei)全寺(si)這精華。其底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)透(tou)風(feng)過(guo)廳,四通(tong)(tong)殿宇(yu),排列有序的(de)翹(qiao)首飛檐三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)共有三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)六個。在三(san)(san)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)脊頂中(zhong)起一座八角塔,猶如鳳(feng)冠;在大(da)(da)悲閣東(dong)兩側又建(jian)(jian)雙層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣(即鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)(lou))如鳳(feng)凰(huang)之兩翼。從整體看,整個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)似鳳(feng)凰(huang)展翅(chi),給人以欲飛的(de)感覺。

保(bao)安寺(si)是近代三(san)教合(he)一的(de)典型(xing)寺(si)院,如(ru)寺(si)內小牌樓有寓意三(san)教合(he)一的(de)對聯(lian)(lian)∶上(shang)聯(lian)(lian)“廟(miao)貌(mao)巍(wei)峨(e)清凈通一氣”,下(xia)聯(lian)(lian)“神靈(ling)感應慈悲忠(zhong)恕不二門”,橫批“三(san)教同源”。磚牌坊之磚柱上(shang)聯(lian)(lian)“儒釋(shi)道(dao)之度(du)(du)我(wo)度(du)(du)他皆從這里”,下(xia)聯(lian)(lian)“天在人之自造自化盡在此(ci)間”。殿內塑像有佛像、神仙(xian)和孔圣牌位,反映出(chu)明清時期儒釋(shi)道(dao)三(san)教融合(he)、和諧相(xiang)處的(de)狀況。

“十年(nian)浩劫”期間,歷代儒釋(shi)道(dao)神(shen)像盡遭搗(dao)毀之厄,高廟(miao)保安寺除一口(kou)古(gu)鐘和部(bu)分建筑物外,殿堂內的(de)設施(shi),經書、法器全部(bu)毀壞,蕩然無存,寺僧被逐。

現狀

十(shi)一屆三(san)中(zhong)全會(hui)以后,政府拔款(kuan)三(san)十(shi)六(liu)萬八千元,信(xin)眾集資七十(shi)多萬元,對高廟(miao)保(bao)安寺進行全面(mian)整修。按照佛教(jiao)內(nei)容(rong)雕塑佛像、精工彩(cai)畫,十(shi)六(liu)位僧人常住,由佛教(jiao)界自(zi)主管理,現成為寧南佛教(jiao)中(zhong)心(xin),為振興中(zhong)寧夏(xia)佛教(jiao)作(zuo)出貢(gong)獻。

現任住持為(wei)宗相法師,一(yi)九八八年(nian)選為(wei)自治區佛(fo)協(xie)(xie)常(chang)務理(li)事(shi),中衛縣佛(fo)協(xie)(xie)副會(hui)長,一(yi)九九五(wu)年(nian)選為(wei)中衛縣佛(fo)協(xie)(xie)會(hui)長。

自然氣候

中衛(wei)市保安寺(si)深居內陸,遠離(li)海洋,靠(kao)近沙(sha)(sha)漠,屬半干旱氣候,具(ju)有典型的(de)大(da)陸性(xing)季風氣候和沙(sha)(sha)漠氣候的(de)特點(dian)。春暖遲、秋(qiu)涼早、夏(xia)熱短、冬寒長,風大(da)沙(sha)(sha)多,干旱少(shao)雨(yu)。年平均氣溫在7.3-9.5℃之間(jian),最佳(jia)游寺(si)時(shi)間(jian)在春秋(qiu)兩季。

寺廟歷史

保(bao)安寺(si)(si)(si),原(yuan)名(ming)新廟,又名(ming)高(gao)廟。位(wei)于寧廈(sha)回族(zu)自治區(qu)中(zhong)衛縣(xian)城(cheng)北,環境(jing)清(qing)幽(you),保(bao)安寺(si)(si)(si)布局緊湊,建筑(zhu)巍峨,層樓重(zhong)疊,飛檐翹角,雄偉壯觀(guan)。保(bao)安寺(si)(si)(si)景觀(guan)具有70多(duo)(duo)年歷(li)史(shi)的保(bao)安寺(si)(si)(si)位(wei)于安達市(shi)區(qu)北引(yin)路北側(ce),是安達著名(ming)的佛教寺(si)(si)(si)院和宗教活動場所。該寺(si)(si)(si)俗稱(cheng)姑子庵(an),始建于民國20年(1931年),稱(cheng)念佛堂。偽康(kang)德(de)9年(1942年)正式命(ming)名(ming)保(bao)安寺(si)(si)(si),供奉彌勒佛、觀(guan)音,大勢至菩薩。1996年重(zhong)新修建,保(bao)安寺(si)(si)(si)現占地(di)面積10000多(duo)(duo)平方米,保(bao)安寺(si)(si)(si)創(chuang)建于明(ming)(ming)代以前,明(ming)(ming)永(yong)樂年間(1403-1424)曾增修,先修天王殿,后又增建中(zhong)樓。清(qing)康(kang)熙(xi)四十八(ba)年(1709)秋,因地(di)震坍塌重(zhong)修。后經(jing)道(dao)光二(er)年(1822)、咸豐(feng)三年(1853)、光緒(xu)八(ba)年(1882)陸(lu)續增建東西轉角樓,并(bing)與中(zhong)樓相互銜接。

到民(min)(min)國(guo)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又增(zeng)修(xiu)(xiu)大(da)(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)三層。1942年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中樓(lou)(lou)與大(da)(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)三層毀于(yu)(yu)火,1943年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1947年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)除按(an)原樣修(xiu)(xiu)復外(wai),又增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了鐘樓(lou)(lou)、鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)和僧舍。現已成為擁有相(xiang)當規格的(de)寺(si)(si)院(yuan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)。地(di)安(an)門(men)(men)(men)西(xi)(xi)大(da)(da)街路北。元(yuan)至(zhi)正年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),原有寺(si)(si)僧義佛(fo)住錫(xi),相(xiang)傳僧聰(cong)慧(hui)異于(yu)(yu)常人(ren),學習佛(fo)經過(guo)目能誦。寺(si)(si)本無名(ming),由于(yu)(yu)義佛(fo)聰(cong)慧(hui)如半部(bu)藏經,被(bei)稱(cheng)為半藏寺(si)(si)。元(yuan)至(zhi)正七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1347),義佛(fo)之徒智存(cun)請(qing)求寺(si)(si)名(ming),丞相(xiang)布哈(ha)奏請(qing),賜(si)名(ming)為義利寺(si)(si)。明嘉靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),改(gai)(gai)名(ming)保安(an)寺(si)(si)。明隆慶二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1568)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)。寺(si)(si)內(nei)有明萬歷十(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1589)、清(qing)康熙二(er)(1663)、清(qing)嘉慶十(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1812)所立碑。寺(si)(si)坐(zuo)北朝南(nan),分東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩院(yuan)。西(xi)(xi)院(yuan)依次為山門(men)(men)(men)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)、正殿(dian)(dian)3間(jian)(jian)(jian)帶(dai)廊(lang)、后殿(dian)(dian)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)(3間(jian)(jian)(jian)吞(tun)廊(lang))、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)配殿(dian)(dian)各3間(jian)(jian)(jian)。東(dong)院(yuan)有殿(dian)(dian)三重(zhong),規模較西(xi)(xi)院(yuan)略(lve)小,其西(xi)(xi)配殿(dian)(dian)即為西(xi)(xi)院(yuan)之東(dong)配殿(dian)(dian),一(yi)(yi)重(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)3間(jian)(jian)(jian),二(er)重(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)3間(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)廂房(fang)3間(jian)(jian)(jian),三重(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)。全(quan)寺(si)(si)共有古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)屋37間(jian)(jian)(jian)。有3通石碑砌筑(zhu)(zhu)墻內(nei),山門(men)(men)(men)已無存(cun)。現為民(min)(min)居(ju)。西(xi)(xi)城區文物保護單(dan)位。清(qing)康熙四十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1709年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))九月(yue),寧(ning)夏(xia)發生強烈(lie)地(di)震(zhen),使上(shang)層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)全(quan)部(bu)傾圮。地(di)震(zhen)后重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)內(nei)修(xiu)(xiu)繕完工(gong)(gong),起(qi)名(ming)新廟(miao)(miao)。清(qing)乾隆三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)四日(ri)(公元(yuan)1739年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)3日(ri)),寧(ning)夏(xia)再(zai)次發生強烈(lie)地(di)震(zhen),寺(si)(si)廟(miao)(miao)內(nei)的(de)大(da)(da)部(bu)分建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)倒塌。之后,又逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)。清(qing)咸豐八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)1858年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了門(men)(men)(men)前廣場上(shang)的(de)法(fa)戒樓(lou)(lou)和寺(si)(si)院(yuan)內(nei)的(de)磚砌牌坊(fang)、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)轉樓(lou)(lou)、東(dong)西(xi)(xi)天(tian)(tian)池,改(gai)(gai)稱(cheng)玉(yu)皇(huang)閣。1942年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)歷二(er)月(yue)十(shi)五日(ri),在(zai)此舉行廟(miao)(miao)會,因香火不(bu)慎,造(zao)成重(zhong)大(da)(da)火災,使南(nan)天(tian)(tian)門(men)(men)(men)以(yi)上(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)(yi)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)全(quan)部(bu)焚毀,蕩(dang)然無存(cun)。翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)度興工(gong)(gong)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),并擴大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)宇,增(zeng)加高度,歷時4年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),于(yu)(yu)1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)竣工(gong)(gong),起(qi)名(ming)保安(an)寺(si)(si),即為清(qing)咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)和20世紀40年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)、增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)后的(de)定型。其建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格依然以(yi)清(qing)代古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)為主體。

人文景觀

古(gu)(gu)城中衛城北建(jian)(jian)在(zai)接連(lian)城墻的(de)(de)高(gao)臺上(shang)的(de)(de)雄(xiong)(xiong)偉古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)——高(gao)廟(miao)(miao),格外引(yin)人(ren)注目。高(gao)廟(miao)(miao),始建(jian)(jian)于明永(yong)樂年(nian)(nian)間,稱新(xin)廟(miao)(miao)。清康(kang)熙(xi)四(si)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1710年(nian)(nian))秋,因地震(zhen)坍塌重(zhong)建(jian)(jian),后經道(dao)光(guang)二年(nian)(nian)、咸豐三(san)年(nian)(nian)、光(guang)緒(xu)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)續建(jian)(jian),改稱玉皇(huang)閣。民國初年(nian)(nian)增建(jian)(jian)后,改稱保(bao)安(an)寺(si)(si),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積達2510平方米,是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)處造型完整、氣魄壯美的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群。保(bao)安(an)寺(si)(si)坐北朝南(nan)(nan)。前院為(wei)(wei)保(bao)安(an)寺(si)(si),進入山(shan)門,耀眼(yan)的(de)(de)單(dan)檐(yan)歇山(shan)頂大雄(xiong)(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)面(mian)屹立(li)(li);兩側(ce)廂房、地藏宮、三(san)霄宮和(he)3座配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)各具(ju)特色(se)。保(bao)安(an)寺(si)(si)后就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)廟(miao)(miao)主體建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。沿24級(ji)青磚鋪砌的(de)(de)臺階而上(shang),高(gao)廟(miao)(miao)磚雕牌坊聳立(li)(li)眼(yan)前。牌坊立(li)(li)的(de)(de)一(yi)副對聯(lian)十(shi)分(fen)(fen)有(you)(you)趣。上(shang)聯(lian)是(shi)(shi)(shi):儒釋道(dao)之度我度他皆從這里;下(xia)(xia)聯(lian)是(shi)(shi)(shi):天(tian)(tian)地人(ren)之自(zi)造自(zi)化(hua)盡(jin)在(zai)此間;橫批是(shi)(shi)(shi):無(wu)上(shang)法(fa)橋(qiao)。過南(nan)(nan)天(tian)(tian)門,達中樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。中樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)靈巧別(bie)(bie)致,六角三(san)重(zhong)檐(yan)四(si)面(mian)坡(po)頂分(fen)(fen)三(san)層疊合。途中兩側(ce)有(you)(you)東(dong)西(xi)天(tian)(tian)池(chi)和(he)磚砌天(tian)(tian)池(chi),分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)有(you)(you)飛橋(qiao)同南(nan)(nan)天(tian)(tian)門相連(lian),渾然一(yi)體。中樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)上(shang)層塑的(de)(de)太白金星像(xiang),肅穆尊嚴;中層塑的(de)(de)觀音像(xiang),寧(ning)靜慈善;下(xia)(xia)層繪的(de)(de)二十(shi)八(ba)宿,各展(zhan)風(feng)采。最后,是(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)上(shang)中下(xia)(xia)三(san)層而設的(de)(de)五岳(yue)玉皇(huang)、圣母寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。下(xia)(xia)層正(zheng)面(mian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)五岳(yue)廟(miao)(miao),東(dong)有(you)(you)三(san)宮殿(dian)(dian)(dian),西(xi)有(you)(you)祖師殿(dian)(dian)(dian);中層正(zheng)中塑有(you)(you)玉皇(huang)像(xiang),后樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)大成殿(dian)(dian)(dian),祀孔子;上(shang)層正(zheng)面(mian)為(wei)(wei)瑤池(chi)宮,東(dong)西(xi)兩側(ce)為(wei)(wei)三(san)教宮。三(san)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)底(di)層東(dong)西(xi)兩側(ce)的(de)(de)文(wen)武樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)別(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)番景色(se):文(wen)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)塑文(wen)昌,身騎(qi)四(si)不象怪(guai)獸;武樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)塑關公(gong),騎(qi)赤兔追(zhui)風(feng)馬。文(wen)武樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)(xia)層的(de)(de)龍王(wang)宮,塑四(si)海龍王(wang),神態各異,功力超群,令人(ren)敬慕。

磚牌(pai)坊下(xia)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)獄宮,繪(hui)(hui)滿了(le)各(ge)種怪像,或(huo)青面紅(hong)發,或(huo)鋸齒獠(liao)牙(ya),或(huo)面目猙獰,或(huo)神態(tai)從(cong)容,整個(ge)繪(hui)(hui)畫(hua)想象(xiang)豐富(fu),結(jie)構嚴謹,色(se)彩鮮艷(yan),筆法細膩,顯示了(le)民間藝人不(bu)(bu)同凡(fan)響的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)超技藝。十(shi)分(fen)可惜,高(gao)廟(miao)1700多個(ge)彩塑(su)(su)造(zao)像和大量彩畫(hua)在(zai)(zai)動蕩年代,遭到了(le)破壞(huai),如今,雖補塑(su)(su)了(le)不(bu)(bu)少彩像,但遠不(bu)(bu)及矣!高(gao)廟(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要建筑(zhu)都位于一(yi)條中軸線(xian)上(shang)。層(ceng)層(ceng)相(xiang)因,逐步增高(gao);輔(fu)助建筑(zhu)位于兩(liang)側(ce),均衡(heng)對(dui)稱(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)僅2000余平方米的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)臺(tai)(tai)上(shang),建筑(zhu)了(le)近百間九脊歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)、四(si)角攢尖、十(shi)字歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)、將軍盔頂等各(ge)種類型、不(bu)(bu)同風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)宇。整個(ge)建筑(zhu)群重樓疊閣,亭廊(lang)相(xiang)連,飛檐相(xiang)啄,回環曲折,緊湊而(er)富(fu)于變化,真是寧夏古建筑(zhu)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)杰作(zuo)。高(gao)廟(miao)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)北中軸線(xian)上(shang),從(cong)南(nan)向北的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要建筑(zhu)有保(bao)安(an)(an)寺的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men),山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)之(zhi)上(shang)是魁星(xing)樓,內(nei)塑(su)(su)魁星(xing)造(zao)像。進山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)迎面是一(yi)座雙層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磚雕牌(pai)坊,婷婷玉立,結(jie)構獨(du)特。由于上(shang)塑(su)(su)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮彌(mi)勒(le)佛,故稱(cheng)彌(mi)勒(le)閣。由此(ci)(ci)上(shang)踏15級臺(tai)(tai)階,至大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian),內(nei)塑(su)(su)釋(shi)迦牟尼坐(zuo)像。大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)側(ce)為地(di)藏宮,西(xi)側(ce)為三霄宮。東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)配殿(dian)(dian)里,塑(su)(su)十(shi)方佛及二(er)十(shi)四(si)諸(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。穿過34級臺(tai)(tai)階,直抵南(nan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)門(men)。臺(tai)(tai)階的(de)(de)(de)(de)前一(yi)半,建成天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)橋狀,天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)橋兩(liang)側(ce)被環繞(rao)一(yi)周(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樓宇圍成兩(liang)個(ge)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)井,東(dong)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)東(dong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)池(chi),西(xi)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)西(xi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)池(chi)。兩(liang)個(ge)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)池(chi)由天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)橋下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓形隧洞(dong)相(xiang)互(hu)聯通,隧洞(dong)被稱(cheng)為地(di)獄輪回洞(dong)。在(zai)(zai)清咸豐八年建造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磚雕牌(pai)坊上(shang),雕刻(ke)著這(zhe)樣一(yi)副對(dui)聯,上(shang)聯是儒(ru)釋(shi)道之(zhi)度(du)我度(du)他皆從(cong)這(zhe)里,下(xia)聯是天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)人之(zhi)自(zi)(zi)造(zao)自(zi)(zi)化盡在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)間,橫批為無上(shang)法橋。由此(ci)(ci)可見,保(bao)安(an)(an)寺是一(yi)座儒(ru)、佛、道三教合一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寺廟(miao)。宋朝以后(hou),尤其是明清兩(liang)代,這(zhe)種現象(xiang)在(zai)(zai)中國也(ye)是常見的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

高(gao)廟(miao)建筑的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)是:集(ji)中、緊湊(cou)、回曲、高(gao)聳,在占(zhan)地僅4100多平方米的(de)(de)面積上,建造(zao)了(le)260多間(jian)建筑物(wu),最高(gao)建筑高(gao)出中衛街面近30米。站在中衛街頭,遠(yuan)遠(yuan)望去,高(gao)廟(miao)氣(qi)勢磅礴,雄偉(wei)壯麗(li),重(zhong)(zhong)樓疊(die)閣,錯落有(you)致。深入其間(jian),又見(jian)殿(dian)宇(yu)玲瓏,清幽文(wen)(wen)雅,廊橋高(gao)懸,構思奇異。中衛高(gao)廟(miao)集(ji)中國南北古建筑特(te)點(dian)于一體,充分(fen)顯現了(le)古代勞(lao)動人民的(de)(de)聰明智慧(hui)和(he)精湛技藝(yi)。保安寺以(yi)其獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)群體古建筑和(he)包羅萬象(xiang)的(de)(de)合(he)體宗教信(xin)仰(yang),吸引著(zhu)八方來客,使廟(miao)內(nei)香(xiang)火(huo)不斷,興盛不竭。高(gao)廟(miao)也(ye)因(yin)此(ci)而馳名,被列為寧夏回族自治區(qu)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單位。

寺內佛像

在(zai)造型(xing)和色(se)彩(cai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)都充滿(man)(man)鮮明的民間(jian)特色(se)和民族風(feng)格。最引人注(zhu)目的是(shi)琳(lin)瑯滿(man)(man)目的彩(cai)繪,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)釋迦牟尼佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)會彩(cai)畫人物多(duo)、場面大,尤(you)為生(sheng)動傳(chuan)神。保安寺和高廟(miao)共兩(liang)部分(fen)。保安寺在(zai)前(qian),山(shan)(shan)門(men)朝南(nan),全寺共分(fen)三(san)進,每進一(yi)(yi)(yi)級,其(qi)地勢(shi)高出數丈(zhang),緩步前(qian)行,宛若登梯(ti)。山(shan)(shan)門(men)前(qian)地坪寬闊,有(you)(you)石獅(shi)雄(xiong)踞門(men)前(qian),山(shan)(shan)門(men)牌(pai)樓(lou)(lou)花紋絢麗。往里是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個方(fang)正的庭院,院內(nei)松柏翠(cui)綠,盆景(jing)花香(xiang)。院內(nei)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)石坊,高約四米(mi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)玲瓏小殿(dian)(dian)(dian),紅柱雕欄,古雅精(jing)致(zhi)。出天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian),拾級而上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),臺(tai)階(jie)呈垂帶式,共十(shi)二級,其(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)仿木磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌牌(pai)樓(lou)(lou),磨磚(zhuan)(zhuan)對縫,造型(xing)美觀。其(qi)間(jian)回(hui)廊相(xiang)接,轉樓(lou)(lou)圍繞,兩(liang)側飛(fei)橋,似雨后(hou)彩(cai)虹(hong)橫跨(kua)晴空(kong)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)為高廟(miao),有(you)(you)二十(shi)四級磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌臺(tai)階(jie),循階(jie)而上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),至南(nan)天門(men)樓(lou)(lou),門(men)樓(lou)(lou)寬兩(liang)間(jian),高兩(liang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),門(men)頭一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)廊檐(yan),覆(fu)蓋著藍白(bai)色(se)青(qing)瓦(wa),飛(fei)檐(yan)高挑。門(men)樓(lou)(lou)后(hou)建(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)三(san)重檐(yan)、四面坡頂的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo),它們分(fen)別通(tong)過(guo)飛(fei)橋與南(nan)天門(men)相(xiang)接。閣樓(lou)(lou)相(xiang)對,犀(xi)脊(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)翹;畫棟朱楹,彩(cai)繪精(jing)美,其(qi)間(jian)由過(guo)橋直(zhi)通(tong)鐘(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)、鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)、乘涼亭。樓(lou)(lou)里塑有(you)(you)千手千眼觀音菩薩(sa)像(xiang),神態逼真(zhen),樓(lou)(lou)頂上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)座(zuo)潔(jie)白(bai)玲瓏古樸(pu)的小寶(bao)塔,風(feng)鈴(ling)垂于(yu)塔檐(yan)四角(jiao),風(feng)吹角(jiao)鈴(ling),鈴(ling)聲悅(yue)耳動聽。續行向前(qian),便是(shi)雄(xiong)偉(wei)壯觀、重樓(lou)(lou)迭閣的三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),高二十(shi)幾(ji)米(mi),是(shi)寺內(nei)最高大的建(jian)(jian)筑。底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)即大雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)旁有(you)(you)木梯(ti)伸向二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou),名三(san)圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian),再登梯(ti)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)三(san)樓(lou)(lou),是(shi)五(wu)方(fang)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),供阿閦佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)、寶(bao)生(sheng)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)、毗盧那佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)、無量壽佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)、不空(kong)成就佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang)。

保安寺(si)雖在十(shi)年文革(ge)動亂中遭毀壞(huai),但自(zi)撥亂反正以來,在人民政府(fu)資助和四眾教(jiao)友支持下,修復(fu)了殿(dian)堂、佛像(xiang)和文物(wu)古跡。

該寺(si)屢毀屢建(jian)(jian)。現僅(jin)存(cun)(cun)無(wu)梁殿和殿前(qian)一(yi)(yi)棵明(ming)(ming)代銀杏(xing)樹。無(wu)梁殿殿名穢(hui)跡,建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)嘉靖年間。通體磚石拱(gong)券結構,不(bu)施寸木(mu)(mu),不(bu)設(she)梁柱,俗稱(cheng)無(wu)梁(量)殿。這類建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)流行于明(ming)(ming)代,現存(cun)(cun)實(shi)物很少。殿原為三間兩進(jin),現僅(jin)存(cun)(cun)明(ming)(ming)間,面闊8.24米(mi)(mi),進(jin)深14.35米(mi)(mi),高(gao)約7米(mi)(mi)。東、西次間于1958年拆毀。1988年市(shi)文(wen)物管理(li)部門對僅(jin)存(cun)(cun)的(de)明(ming)(ming)間作了修葺。無(wu)梁殿現存(cun)(cun)壁龕中,原有一(yi)(yi)座木(mu)(mu)雕穢(hui)跡金(jin)剛像,俗稱(cheng)瀨(lai)疥(jie)菩薩現已(yi)不(bu)存(cun)(cun)。高(gao)廟保安寺(si),創建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)永(yong)樂年間,和北京故宮同年開工,同年竣工,為一(yi)(yi)大謎底,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)緊(jin)湊,造(zao)型獨特,重樓疊(die)閣,氣勢雄偉,似鳳(feng)凰展翅,凌空欲(yu)飛,五(wu)百羅漢堂,雕像神態各異,栩栩如生(sheng),在全國首屈一(yi)(yi)指;十八層(ceng)地(di)獄,陰森(sen)恐怖,驚心動魄(po),是全國四大古地(di)獄之一(yi)(yi);不(bu)僅(jin)是中外罕見的(de)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun),也是世(shi)界(jie)文(wen)化遺(yi)產——佛教圣地(di)。

寺內壁畫

登(deng)上(shang)南天(tian)門,迎(ying)面(mian)是一座建(jian)在高(gao)臺(tai)基(ji)上(shang)的(de)(de)九楹(ying)三(san)(san)(san)層樓(lou)(lou)閣。下層為(wei)五岳殿(dian),東陪(pei)三(san)(san)(san)宮殿(dian),西陪(pei)祖(zu)師殿(dian),從(cong)兩(liang)側(ce)陪(pei)殿(dian)登(deng)木(mu)梯上(shang)至(zhi)二層,是玉(yu)(yu)皇樓(lou)(lou),內塑玉(yu)(yu)皇大帝造(zao)像;登(deng)上(shang)三(san)(san)(san)層,為(wei)三(san)(san)(san)清宮,內塑道家(jia)祖(zu)圣老子造(zao)像,并繪有天(tian)宮朝無、玉(yu)(yu)闕仙宴、天(tian)女散花、嫦娥奔(ben)月(yue)等彩繪圖案。在三(san)(san)(san)層主樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)正面(mian),還十(shi)分別(bie)致地建(jian)造(zao)了一座三(san)(san)(san)層中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou),小巧(qiao)玲(ling)瓏,婷婷秀麗;下層繪二十(shi)八星宿,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)層塑觀世音(yin)菩(pu)薩和(he)接(jie)引(yin)佛像,上(shang)層塑太(tai)白(bai)金星。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)兩(liang)側(ce)是鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou)、四仙閣、觀景(jing)臺(tai)等,這些建(jian)筑用(yong)廊橋相互連接(jie)溝通,使(shi)之左右(you)對稱,逐次升高(gao)。形(xing)似鳳凰展翅,瑰麗挺拔。檐(yan)角高(gao)翹,給人以凌空欲飛之感(gan);檐(yan)牙相啄,又使(shi)人有爭妍斗巧(qiao)之覺。

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