重慶市榮昌(chang)區四寶(bao)之一的(de)(de)榮昌(chang)折扇,經(jing)歷代藝人(ren)(ren)刻苦鉆研、精(jing)工創制,逐步發展成(cheng)為具有(you)獨特風(feng)格(ge)的(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)傳統工藝品,其(qi)精(jing)雅(ya)宜士(shi)人(ren)(ren),其(qi)華燦宜艷(yan)女。深受(shou)各階層人(ren)(ren)民喜愛。古人(ren)(ren)曾有(you)詩贊(zan)曰:“開合清風(feng)紙半(ban)張,隨機舒卷豈尋常(chang);金(jin)環并束龍腰細,玉柵齊編鳳翅長,偏稱游人(ren)(ren)攜袖里,不勞(lao)侍女執花傍;宮羅舊(jiu)賜休相妒,還汝(ru)團(tuan)圓共(gong)夜涼(liang)。
2019年11月,《國家級(ji)非(fei)物質文(wen)化遺產代表性項目(mu)保(bao)護單位名單》公布,重慶(qing)市榮(rong)昌區(qu)文(wen)化館獲(huo)得(de)榮(rong)昌折扇項目(mu)保(bao)護單位資格(ge)。
折扇(shan)雖是日用小商品(pin),但獨(du)具收(shou)則(ze)折疊,用則(ze)撒開,折撒自如,攜(xie)帶方(fang)便的(de)特點。榮昌折扇(shan)造(zao)型(xing)輕盈靈(ling)巧,線條(tiao)外園內(nei)方(fang),明快流(liu)暢;其選料(liao)考究,制作精細,工藝精湛,是實用與(yu)工藝相結合的(de)日用佳(jia)品(pin)。由于品(pin)種齊全,花色(se)繁(fan)多,高、中、低檔產品(pin)均有,可謂男(nan)女(nv)老少皆宜,雅(ya)俗共(gong)賞(shang),深受(shou)各階層人士的(de)喜愛(ai)。
榮昌各廠(chang)家在繼承傳統(tong)工(gong)(gong)藝的基礎上,引進(jin)新(xin)技術,新(xin)工(gong)(gong)藝,采(cai)用新(xin)材料,生(sheng)產(chan)各種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)藝折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)、舞(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)、絹扇(shan)(shan),書畫工(gong)(gong)藝掛扇(shan)(shan)、旅游(you)扇(shan)(shan)、廣告扇(shan)(shan)等十多類品種(zhong),中、高檔系列產(chan)品是(shi):各式舞(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)、竹(zhu)扇(shan)(shan)、金(jin)楠紙扇(shan)(shan)、金(jin)楠綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)、竹(zhu)節綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)、雕(diao)刻(ke)(ke)綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)、棕(zong)玉綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(含全(quan)棕(zong))、壁掛宣紙裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)大扇(shan)(shan)、壁掛綢(chou)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)大扇(shan)(shan)、壁掛雕(diao)刻(ke)(ke)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)大扇(shan)(shan)(以上均(jun)含書畫扇(shan)(shan))等。其消(xiao)費(fei)功能除具有折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)的普(pu)通功能外,還普(pu)遍(bian)用于廣告載(zai)體、禮品贈送、紀念品發放、強身健體、文藝匯(hui)演、室內裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)、藝術收藏等消(xiao)費(fei)領域。
榮(rong)昌折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan),從農耕(geng)時(shi)代(dai)走向信息時(shi)代(dai),歷(li)經400多年悠悠歷(li)史。據《榮(rong)昌縣(xian)志(zhi)》記載(zai),折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)古稱聚頭(tou)扇(shan)(shan),又名(ming)卷扇(shan)(shan)。根據歷(li)史記載(zai)是唐朝日(ri)本遣唐使朝賀皇帝唐太宗以貢(gong)品入國,當(dang)時(shi)被(bei)稱為倭扇(shan)(shan)。宋(song)代(dai)倭扇(shan)(shan)開始在官家和(he)民間廣泛出現,并(bing)規模生產(chan)。《夷堅(jian)志(zhi)》上也說:宋(song)高宗有(you)折(zhe)疊扇(shan)(shan),以玉孩兒為扇(shan)(shan)墜(zhui)。”而真正全面被(bei)百(bai)姓所喜歡(huan)和(he)普(pu)及(ji)是明(ming)朝。
榮(rong)昌(chang)(chang)折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)明朝(chao)嘉(jia)靖年(nian)間由朝(chao)鮮傳入工藝。當時(shi),榮(rong)昌(chang)(chang)城北響石板(ban)一(yi)帶農民利用農閑時(shi)間,以榮(rong)昌(chang)(chang)當地盛產的(de)黃竹制(zhi)作扇(shan)心扇(shan)夾,糊上(shang)黑紙,生(sheng)產硬(ying)青、皮底兩類折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan),在(zai)集市上(shang)出售。至明朝(chao)萬歷(li)年(nian)間已成朝(chao)廷貢品(pin)。歷(li)史有記(ji)(ji)載明朝(chao)護送貢品(pin)耽(dan)擱二(er)被問罪。明清兩朝(chao)在(zai)榮(rong)昌(chang)(chang)設二(er)品(pin)官(guan)負責(ze)折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)造辦和貢品(pin)押運(yun)(在(zai)原國營(ying)折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)廠原址曾有官(guan)碑記(ji)(ji)錄)至嘉(jia)慶、道(dao)光年(nian)間,折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)生(sheng)產因為移民擴充有了一(yi)個更大大發展(zhan)時(shi)期,由副業生(sheng)產走向專業化生(sheng)產而集中于縣城。
榮昌折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),以棕(zong)竹(zhu)(zhu)、毛(mao)竹(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)之(zhi),被(bei)稱為(wei)懷袖雅物。榮昌折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在光(guang)緒初(chu)年(nian)(nian)開始采用(yong)(yong)(yong)楠(nan)竹(zhu)(zhu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)心(xin)、扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)夾(jia)(jia)和質地更為(wei)堅(jian)韌,花(hua)紋自然美觀的(de)(de)棕(zong)竹(zhu)(zhu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)夾(jia)(jia),折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)品種(zhong)新增(zeng)全楠(nan)、正棕(zong)、穿葉串(chuan)子三大類,刁、嵌、漆、繪等(deng)也用(yong)(yong)(yong)于折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。城中(zhong)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鋪發展到(dao)四十余家(jia),加工(gong)(gong)攤子戶(hu)達(da)100余家(jia),最高年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)400萬(wan)把,除在省(sheng)銷(xiao)售外(wai),還遠銷(xiao)云南、貴州、陜西等(deng)省(sheng),成(cheng)為(wei)榮昌頗(po)負盛名的(de)(de)特(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)之(zhi)一。這是折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)業(ye)的(de)(de)興盛時期。到(dao)1912年(nian)(nian),折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)會(hui)員登記名冊記載(zai),先(xian)后經營此業(ye)仍保(bao)留會(hui)籍(ji)者,已達(da)202家(jia)行號(hao),足(zu)見其源遠與興盛。辛亥革命(ming)成(cheng)功后,折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)日臻完美。漆、刁、嵌、刻、燙(tang)花(hua)、小(xiao)磨、鐵金(jin)、銀粉(fen)寫畫等(deng)技藝(yi)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于串(chuan)葉白扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),深受各界人(ren)(ren)士喜愛而風行一時。5年(nian)(nian)內,城內折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)經營店鋪達(da)100多家(jia),加工(gong)(gong)攤子戶(hu)500多戶(hu),專業(ye)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)3000人(ren)(ren),年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)506萬(wan)把,除國內諸省(sheng)市(shi)之(zhi)外(wai),還遠銷(xiao)泰國、印度、緬甸(dian)等(deng)國家(jia),達(da)到(dao)鼎盛。據(ju)說當(dang)時榮昌折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)超(chao)過了蘇杭折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)總和。榮昌折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)能(neng)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)全楠(nan)、正棕(zong)、硬(ying)青、皮底、全棕(zong)、羽毛(mao)、綢面吊尾(wei)舞蹈、串(chuan)子、漆嵌等(deng)11大類,345個(ge)花(hua)色,可謂琳(lin)瑯滿目,繁花(hua)似錦。別看一把小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)折(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),工(gong)(gong)種(zhong)就有(you)16個(ge),工(gong)(gong)序則有(you)146個(ge)。
中(zhong)國(guo)四大(da)名(ming)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)--榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昌折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(巴蜀扇(shan)(shan)(shan)),始于(yu)1551年(nian)(nian)明代嘉靖年(nian)(nian)間,明末已成為(wei)貢品(pin)(pin)入朝。產品(pin)(pin)以(yi)其精(jing)湛的(de)工業(ye)制作(zuo)而早已聞名(ming)于(yu)海內(nei)外。其產品(pin)(pin)必然(ran)代表企業(ye)--重慶市榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昌折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(重慶市榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昌折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司)。早已是(shi)公(gong)認的(de)我國(guo)中(zhong)西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區中(zhong)、高檔折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)最大(da)的(de)專業(ye)生(sheng)產廠(chang)(chang)(chang)家。工廠(chang)(chang)(chang)坐落在榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)昌縣城,全(quan)(quan)(quan)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)占地(di)5000余(yu)平方(fang)米(mi),建筑面積達8000平方(fang)米(mi),現有(you)(you)職工200余(yu)人(ren),具有(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)專業(ye)人(ren)才80余(yu)人(ren),年(nian)(nian)產能力(li)(li)300余(yu)萬(wan)把。花色品(pin)(pin)種多(duo)(duo)(duo)達170余(yu)個,并(bing)多(duo)(duo)(duo)次(ci)榮(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)獲國(guo)家有(you)(you)關權威部(bu)門辦法的(de)獎勵證書(shu)。一些黨和(he)國(guo)家領導(dao)人(ren)、省,市政(zheng)府首腦,大(da)專院校、鐵路、航空、金融、保(bao)險(xian)、著名(ming)風景區、知(zhi)名(ming)工商企業(ye)、大(da)型文(wen)(wen)(wen)藝(yi)團體(ti)、知(zhi)名(ming)人(ren)士等(deng)均(jun)多(duo)(duo)(duo)次(ci)親臨或(huo)員來廠(chang)(chang)(chang)訂(ding)購各(ge)(ge)式(shi)折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)及(ji)視察、指導(dao)。二(er)00二(er)年(nian)(nian)四月(yue),公(gong)司440余(yu)把雕(diao)刻(ke)書(shu)畫扇(shan)(shan)(shan)進入AAPP第三界(jie)重慶年(nian)(nian)會(hui),作(zuo)為(wei)專用(yong)禮(li)品(pin)(pin)贈(zeng)送參會(hui)外賓。其主要(yao)中(zhong)、高檔產品(pin)(pin)系列是(shi):各(ge)(ge)式(shi)舞蹈綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)竹(zhu)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)楠(nan)(nan)宣(xuan)紙、全(quan)(quan)(quan)楠(nan)(nan)綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、竹(zhu)節綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、雕(diao)刻(ke)綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、棕玉綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)棕綢(chou)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、壁掛宣(xuan)紙大(da)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、壁掛綢(chou)大(da)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)、壁掛雕(diao)刻(ke)大(da)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(以(yi)上均(jun)含部(bu)分(fen)書(shu)畫)等(deng)。其消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)功能除具有(you)(you)折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)普通(tong)功能外,還普遍用(yong)于(yu)廣告載體(ti)、禮(li)品(pin)(pin)贈(zeng)送、紀(ji)念(nian)品(pin)(pin)發(fa)放、強身健體(ti)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)藝(yi)演出(chu)、室內(nei)裝飾、藝(yi)術品(pin)(pin)收藏等(deng)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)領域(yu)。多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)來,其產品(pin)(pin)不(bu)僅銷往(wang)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)各(ge)(ge)地(di),而且(qie)還先后(hou)出(chu)口印度、泰(tai)國(guo)、緬甸、日本等(deng)國(guo)家,深受中(zhong)外顧客的(de)厚愛。本廠(chang)(chang)(chang)將(jiang)繼(ji)續以(yi)“繼(ji)承傳統,推陳出(chu)新,引導(dao)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei),走向世界(jie)”為(wei)宗旨,以(yi)藝(yi)術院校為(wei)依托,以(yi)人(ren)民(min)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)水品(pin)(pin)的(de)不(bu)斷變化為(wei)目標,不(bu)斷開發(fa)折(zhe)(zhe)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化、藝(yi)術及(ji)觀(guan)賞功能,用(yong)精(jing)品(pin)(pin)積極適應和(he)引導(dao)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei),全(quan)(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)滿足人(ren)民(min)日益增長(chang)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化、藝(yi)術需求,全(quan)(quan)(quan)力(li)(li)滿足各(ge)(ge)地(di)經銷商和(he)顧客的(de)服(fu)務需求。
20世紀(ji)90年代以來(lai),為了加(jia)強(qiang)榮(rong)(rong)(rong)昌(chang)折(zhe)扇(shan)的(de)競爭力(li),各廠(chang)家(jia)通(tong)過合并(bing)、資產(chan)重組(zu)、技術改進,規模逐漸壯大。榮(rong)(rong)(rong)昌(chang)折(zhe)扇(shan)廠(chang)家(jia)的(de)數量已從幾十(shi)(shi)家(jia)減少到的(de)十(shi)(shi)幾家(jia),具有代表性(xing)的(de)有重慶市(shi)榮(rong)(rong)(rong)昌(chang)折(zhe)扇(shan)廠(chang)、重慶榮(rong)(rong)(rong)昌(chang)華一扇(shan)廠(chang),成為榮(rong)(rong)(rong)昌(chang)折(zhe)扇(shan)的(de)中流砥柱。