中國侯店(dian)毛(mao)(mao)筆(bi)產(chan)于河北省(sheng)衡水市侯店(dian)村,古(gu)稱(cheng)(cheng)蒙筆(bi),又稱(cheng)(cheng)“蒙恬精(jing)筆(bi)”、“侯筆(bi)”,古(gu)稱(cheng)(cheng)象(xiang)筆(bi)。是歷史悠久(jiu)的特(te)色傳(chuan)統手工藝品。筆(bi)長(chang)桿硬,剛柔(rou)相濟,含墨飽滿(man)而(er)不(bu)滴,行筆(bi)流暢(chang)而(er)不(bu)滯。主(zhu)要產(chan)于“衡水毛(mao)(mao)筆(bi)之鄉”桃城區侯店(dian)村,品種(zhong)(zhong)多達二百七十(shi)多種(zhong)(zhong)。
侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)店(dian)(dian)毛(mao)筆(bi),相傳為秦(qin)朝(chao)將(jiang)軍蒙(meng)恬(tian)(tian)所制(zhi)。據(ju)史料記載(zai),公元前(qian)221至公元前(qian)207年,蒙(meng)恬(tian)(tian)帶領三(san)十萬(wan)大軍固守秦(qin)朝(chao)北(bei)(bei)部邊疆,路經(jing)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)店(dian)(dian),時值三(san)月三(san)日,始(shi)(試)以(yi)兔毫(hao)竹管為筆(bi)寫成家書一(yi)封,隨后將(jiang)毛(mao)筆(bi)贈送給侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)店(dian)(dian)人。后來,侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)店(dian)(dian)人便(bian)仿制(zhi)出“蒙(meng)恬(tian)(tian)精筆(bi)”。到了唐(tang)代(dai),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)店(dian)(dian)村毛(mao)筆(bi)藝人李文魁在北(bei)(bei)京開設筆(bi)店(dian)(dian),一(yi)名愛好書法(fa)的太(tai)監(jian)同他(ta)結為兄(xiong)弟,經(jing)常把(ba)他(ta)制(zhi)作的毛(mao)筆(bi)買進皇(huang)宮,受到皇(huang)帝的賞識,于是侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)店(dian)(dian)毛(mao)筆(bi)譽滿天下,并(bing)被奉為御用之品。所以(yi),每逢三(san)月三(san)日,侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)店(dian)(dian)一(yi)帶制(zhi)筆(bi)藝人都放鞭炮、擺宴席,紀(ji)念毛(mao)筆(bi)創始(shi)人蒙(meng)恬(tian)(tian)。
而當地(di)制筆(bi)(bi)(bi)之業盛起于明永樂(le)年間(jian),距今已有五百多年的歷史。所制之筆(bi)(bi)(bi),馳(chi)名遐(xia)邇。光(guang)緒(xu)年間(jian),因(yin)制作(zuo)技藝精(jing)湛(zhan),亦奉(feng)為御用,光(guang)緒(xu)帝立碑(bei)表彰(zhang),稱(cheng)之“御筆(bi)(bi)(bi)”。民(min)國(guo)(guo)初年,巴拿(na)馬賽(sai)會曾獲有獎章,故衡(heng)水(shui)侯(hou)店村因(yin)此(ci)被稱(cheng)為“毛筆(bi)(bi)(bi)圣地(di)”、“北國(guo)(guo)筆(bi)(bi)(bi)鄉”。侯(hou)店毛筆(bi)(bi)(bi)也與內畫和宮廷金魚一起,并稱(cheng)“衡(heng)水(shui)三絕(jue)”。
侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)筆(bi)(bi)選材(cai)精良,所選有(you)黃狼尾(wei)、香貍(li)尾(wei)、石獾毛(mao)(mao)、南山羊毛(mao)(mao)、牛耳毛(mao)(mao)、狗脊毛(mao)(mao)、老鼠胡(hu)子等40多種(zhong)動(dong)物的(de)(de)尾(wei)毛(mao)(mao)、毫毛(mao)(mao),彈、韌(ren)性強,經過漫、拔、胼、連(lian)、合等工序(xu),制(zhi)(zhi)成不(bu)同(tong)規格、不(bu)同(tong)種(zhong)類的(de)(de)毛(mao)(mao)筆(bi)(bi)。侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)筆(bi)(bi)十分重視毛(mao)(mao)筆(bi)(bi)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾,以適應國內外用戶的(de)(de)要(yao)求。筆(bi)(bi)桿取材(cai)廣泛,有(you)有(you)“湘妃竹”、“鳳(feng)眼竹”、“太陽竹”、“紅木(mu)(mu)(mu)”、“象(xiang)牙(ya)”“毛(mao)(mao)竹”、“紫竹”、“斑竹”等近十種(zhong)材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)。筆(bi)(bi)桿的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)口和封(feng)頂(ding)也用竹、牙(ya)、骨、角(jiao)、硬木(mu)(mu)(mu)雕(diao)等17種(zhong)原料(liao),采用嵌、鑲工藝(yi)(yi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)配而成。有(you)些筆(bi)(bi)桿還浮雕(diao)上(shang)“龍戲鳳(feng)”、“龍盤柱”、“福祿壽喜(xi)”、“牛郎(lang)織女”等圖(tu)案和字樣(yang),尤(you)其是用象(xiang)牙(ya)雕(diao)刻的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)檔毛(mao)(mao)筆(bi)(bi)“龍戲鳳(feng)”,既是書法用具,又(you)是藝(yi)(yi)術珍品(pin)。 生產工藝(yi)(yi)精細(xi),樣(yang)式新穎、造型美觀。尤(you)其配上(shang)紅木(mu)(mu)(mu)、黃楊木(mu)(mu)(mu)和象(xiang)牙(ya)等材(cai)料(liao),精心雕(diao)刻鑲嵌的(de)(de)二龍戲珠、龍鳳(feng)呈祥、雙(shuang)鳳(feng)展翅、鳳(feng)凰戲牡丹(dan)以及(ji)古(gu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)人物、山水花(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)等圖(tu)案的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)檔筆(bi)(bi)桿,更似(si)錦上(shang)添花(hua),成為一(yi)件(jian)件(jian)既有(you)實(shi)用價值,而又(you)精致高(gao)(gao)雅的(de)(de)工藝(yi)(yi)美術品(pin)。深(shen)受國內外書法愛好者的(de)(de)喜(xi)愛和贊賞。侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)筆(bi)(bi)制(zhi)(zhi)筆(bi)(bi)工藝(yi)(yi)經過水盆、干作(zuo)、零活、刻字直管、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)五道大工序(xu),七(qi)十三道小工序(xu),才(cai)能制(zhi)(zhi)成不(bu)同(tong)規格、不(bu)同(tong)形(xing)狀、不(bu)同(tong)用途的(de)(de)毛(mao)(mao)筆(bi)(bi)。具有(you)堅韌(ren)適度,剛柔相(xiang)齊,含墨量(liang)大,不(bu)易(yi)脫毛(mao)(mao)等優點(dian)。整(zheng)個流程(cheng)全部執行嚴格的(de)(de)檢查(cha)驗收制(zhi)(zhi)度,使產品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)穩定(ding)可靠(kao)。
侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)古樸、典雅、精美是廣大書畫家(jia)(jia)(jia)及(ji)藝術(shu)品(pin)收藏家(jia)(jia)(jia)的首選佳品(pin),也是單位或個(ge)人交往、饋贈的上(shang)等禮品(pin),深受廣大消費者喜愛(ai)。李先念(nian)、楊成武、高占祥、王任重(zhong)、姬(ji)鵬(peng)飛、方毅、劉(liu)(liu)志堅等國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)領導人到侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)村視察(cha),并(bing)試筆(bi)題詞(ci)。啟功、范(fan)曾(ceng)、劉(liu)(liu)炳森、肖勞、沈鵬(peng)、范(fan)曾(ceng)、孫(sun)墨佛(fo)等著名書法家(jia)(jia)(jia)及(ji)末代皇(huang)帝愛(ai)新(xin)覺羅傅杰,為侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)潑(po)墨贊絕。侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi),蜚(fei)聲異(yi)域,名揚海外,遠銷(xiao)日本(ben)、歐洲(zhou)、東南(nan)亞等十一個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)地區,年出(chu)口量達三(san)百多萬支。榮獲工(gong)藝美術(shu)“百花獎”和(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)部優產品(pin)證書及(ji)天(tian)津(jin)進(jin)出(chu)口商品(pin)檢驗局、天(tian)津(jin)外貿(mao)出(chu)口免檢證書。毛(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)中“風云”、“水(shui)月”、“小狼毫”等多種毛(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)被天(tian)津(jin)口岸定為“信得過的免檢產品(pin)”。
崔恒(heng)生(sheng)(sheng)是侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)(dian)村資格最老的筆(bi)工(gong)(gong),今年(nian)84歲,少年(nian)時(shi)代(dai)曾在(zai)琉璃廠(chang)(chang)(chang)做(zuo)工(gong)(gong),解放前才回到(dao)侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)(dian),在(zai)侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)度過了(le)(le)(le)后半生(sheng)(sheng)。在(zai)崔恒(heng)生(sheng)(sheng)的記憶中,上(shang)(shang)世(shi)紀(ji)30、40年(nian)代(dai),在(zai)北(bei)京的琉璃廠(chang)(chang)(chang),侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)這4個字就是一個金字招牌,凡是到(dao)琉璃廠(chang)(chang)(chang)買毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)的幾(ji)(ji)乎都(dou)是沖著侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)來(lai)的侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)的輝煌一直延續(xu)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)世(shi)紀(ji)90年(nian)代(dai)。“以前,侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)(dian)村的家(jia)家(jia)戶(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)幾(ji)(ji)乎都(dou)是靠做(zuo)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)為生(sheng)(sheng),到(dao)1952年(nian)村里(li)成立了(le)(le)(le)侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang),這才告(gao)別了(le)(le)(le)以前的家(jia)庭作坊式生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan),走上(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)化之路。”現任侯(hou)店(dian)(dian)(dian)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)長(chang)王振森在(zai)上(shang)(shang)世(shi)紀(ji)60年(nian)代(dai)就進了(le)(le)(le)廠(chang)(chang)(chang),他(ta)告(gao)訴記者,在(zai)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)筆(bi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)最紅火(huo)的上(shang)(shang)世(shi)紀(ji)80、90年(nian)代(dai),廠(chang)(chang)(chang)里(li)光工(gong)(gong)人就有300多(duo)名,每(mei)年(nian)來(lai)自日本、韓國和東南亞各國的海外訂(ding)單絡(luo)繹(yi)不絕,“那時(shi)為了(le)(le)(le)完成訂(ding)單,廠(chang)(chang)(chang)里(li)經常要(yao)加班(ban)加點,每(mei)年(nian)的銷售(shou)額都(dou)在(zai)幾(ji)(ji)百萬元。”