苔紙(zhi)(zhi)是一種(zhong)有獨(du)特風格的藝(yi)術(shu)加工(gong)紙(zhi)(zhi),有手工(gong)及機制生(sheng)產。
其(qi)制造原(yuan)理是,在(zai)撈紙(zhi)(zhi)前,向紙(zhi)(zhi)漿中添(tian)加(jia)少量有色(se)(se)的(de)(de)纖(xian)維狀(zhuang)物質,再打槽撈紙(zhi)(zhi),于是紙(zhi)(zhi)面呈縱(zong)橫(heng)交(jiao)織的(de)(de)有色(se)(se)紋理。這(zhe)種紙(zhi)(zhi)是我國西晉時所發(fa)明(ming),多用(yong)(yong)于寫字。從現存(cun)古代(dai)實(shi)物觀之,添(tian)加(jia)物常用(yong)(yong)綠色(se)(se)的(de)(de)水苔(tai)或黑色(se)(se)的(de)(de)發(fa)菜之類。水苔(tai)又名(ming)石發(fa),因此用(yong)(yong)它來裝(zhuang)飾的(de)(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)稱(cheng)“發(fa)箋”或“苔(tai)紙(zhi)(zhi)”。亦名(ming)側理紙(zhi)(zhi)或陟里紙(zhi)(zhi)。
晉(jin)王(wang)嘉《拾遺記·晉(jin)時(shi)事》:“﹝晉(jin)武帝(di)﹞即於御前賜青鐵(tie)硯……側(ce)理紙(zhi)(zhi)萬番,此南(nan)(nan)越(yue)所(suo)(suo)獻。后人(ren)言(yan)‘陟(zhi)里(li),與‘側(ce)理’相亂,南(nan)(nan)人(ren)以(yi)海苔(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)紙(zhi)(zhi),其理縱(zong)(zong)橫邪側(ce),因以(yi)為(wei)名(ming)。”宋(song)(song)顧文薦《負暄雜錄·紙(zhi)(zhi)》:“苔(tai)(tai)(tai)紙(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)水苔(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)之,名(ming)側(ce)理紙(zhi)(zhi)。”宋(song)(song)陸游《予所(suo)(suo)居南(nan)(nan)并鏡湖北(bei)則陂(po)澤重復抵海小舟縱(zong)(zong)所(suo)(suo)之或數日(ri)乃(nai)歸(gui)》詩(shi):“歸(gui)來寫苔(tai)(tai)(tai)紙(zhi)(zhi),老憊無(wu)杰句(ju)。”宋(song)(song)陸游《破陣(zhen)子》詞(ci)之二:“苔(tai)(tai)(tai)紙(zhi)(zhi)閑題溪上句(ju),菱(ling)唱遙(yao)聞煙外聲。”參閱(yue)明李時(shi)珍《本草(cao)綱(gang)目(mu)·草(cao)十·陟(zhi)厘》。