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基本介紹

《水龍(long)吟·賦(fu)張(zhang)斗墅(shu)家(jia)古松五(wu)粒(li)》是宋代(dai)詞人吳文英的作品。此(ci)詞贊(zan)譽(yu)張(zhang)家(jia)五(wu)株(zhu)古松盆景。全詞緊扣題(ti)意，既刻畫出(chu)松之“古”、“小(xiao)”，又用山野松樹襯(chen)托，再(zai)以盆中小(xiao)擺設陪(pei)襯(chen)，顯(xian)示(shi)出(chu)古松的長(chang)青可愛。

內容介紹

作品原文

水(shui)龍(long)吟(yin)·賦張斗墅家古松五粒(li)

有人獨立空山，翠髯未(wei)覺霜顏老。新香(xiang)秀粒(li)，濃(nong)光綠浸(jin)，千年(nian)春小(xiao)。布影參旗，障(zhang)空云蓋，沉沉秋曉(xiao)。駟蒼虬萬里(li)，笙吹鳳女①，驂飛乘(cheng)、天風裊。

般巧。霜(shuang)斤不到。漢游仙、相(xiang)從最(zui)早(zao)。皺鱗細(xi)雨，層陰藏月，朱(zhu)弦古調。問訊東橋，故人(ren)南嶺，倚天長嘯②。待凌霄謝(xie)了(le)③，山(shan)深(shen)歲(sui)晚，素心才表。

作品校注

①吹：一本作“飛”。

②倚天長嘯：一本無“長”字。

③了：一本作“后(hou)”。

作者介紹

吳(wu)(wu)文英，宋代詞人(ren)(ren)。字(zi)君特，號夢窗(chuang)，晚號覺翁，四明(ming)（今(jin)浙(zhe)江寧波(bo)）人(ren)(ren)。原(yuan)出(chu)(chu)翁姓，后(hou)出(chu)(chu)嗣(si)吳(wu)(wu)氏。一生未(wei)第(di)，游幕終身(shen)。紹定（宋理宗年號，1228—1233）中(zhong)入蘇(su)州倉幕。曾任吳(wu)(wu)濳浙(zhe)東安撫使幕僚，復為榮王府(fu)門客。出(chu)(chu)入賈似道(dao)、史宅之（史彌遠(yuan)之子）之門。知音律，能自度曲。詞名極(ji)重，以綿(mian)麗為尚(shang)，思(si)深(shen)語(yu)麗，多從(cong)李賀詩中(zhong)來。有《夢窗(chuang)甲乙(yi)丙丁稿》傳世。

鑒賞評價

《水龍吟(yin)》，又名《龍吟(yin)曲(qu)》、《莊椿歲》、《小樓連(lian)苑》。《清(qing)真(zhen)集》入“越調”，《夢窗詞》集入“無(wu)射商”。

張(zhang)斗(dou)墅，即張(zhang)蘊，字(zi)仁溥(pu)，號斗(dou)墅，揚州人，嘉熙（宋理宗年(nian)(nian)(nian)號，公元(yuan)1237—1240年(nian)(nian)(nian)）間為(wei)沿江制置(zhi)使屬官，公元(yuan)1256年(nian)(nian)(nian)（寶祐(you)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)）干(gan)辦行(xing)在諸司糧料院。有《斗(dou)墅支稿》。“古松(song)(song)(song)五(wu)(wu)粒”，“粒”，言其細(xi)小。因而，在張(zhang)斗(dou)墅家的五(wu)(wu)株古松(song)(song)(song)，實為(wei)盆栽之松(song)(song)(song)。又說“粒”者(zhe)鬣也,系音近，故稱者(zhe)異。五(wu)(wu)鬣者(zhe)，言如馬鬣形也，如李賀有《五(wu)(wu)粒小松(song)(song)(song)歌(ge)》，岑參詩“五(wu)(wu)粒松(song)(song)(song)花酒”，林寬詩“庭(ting)高五(wu)(wu)粒松(song)(song)(song)”皆是(shi)。

上(shang)片將(jiang)盆(pen)栽(zai)(zai)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)與(yu)山(shan)野(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)作一(yi)對(dui)比(bi)。“有人(ren)(ren)(ren)”兩(liang)句(ju)，將(jiang)盆(pen)中古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)擬人(ren)(ren)(ren)化。此言(yan)盆(pen)景上(shang)怪石嶙(lin)峋如山(shan)兀立，古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)栽(zai)(zai)于(yu)其旁，猶如人(ren)(ren)(ren)獨立于(yu)山(shan)間(jian)。古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)雖是(shi)已有千年(nian)的(de)(de)樹齡，但是(shi)看起來仍(reng)舊是(shi)郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥蒼翠欲滴。“新香”三句(ju)。言(yan)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)雖小(xiao)，卻能散發出陣陣清香。在陽(yang)光(guang)照射下，松(song)(song)針濃(nong)密(mi)得如浸入(ru)在一(yi)片綠色(se)之中。因此雖是(shi)千年(nian)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)，在時人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)眼中，仍(reng)舊覺得它還是(shi)如青(qing)春年(nian)少般的(de)(de)嬌小(xiao)可愛。以上(shang)敘盆(pen)中古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)，下面轉述山(shan)野(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)。“布(bu)影(ying)”三句(ju)，言(yan)山(shan)野(ye)(ye)上(shang)與(yu)盆(pen)松(song)(song)同齡的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)，如今必定是(shi)黛(dai)色(se)參天(tian)(tian)，冠(guan)蓋蔽(bi)空。如果人(ren)(ren)(ren)們經過樹下，就會仿佛進入(ru)黑沉沉、冷清清的(de)(de)秋天(tian)(tian)凌晨一(yi)般。“駟(si)蒼虬”三句(ju)，言(yan)山(shan)野(ye)(ye)古(gu)(gu)松(song)(song)枝干粗大如蒼虬之張牙舞爪似的(de)(de)欲騰飛萬里。高大的(de)(de)主枝直(zhi)插云(yun)霄能與(yu)天(tian)(tian)風相(xiang)抗衡。枝梢上(shang)還能夠引來鸞鳳停留其上(shang)而曼聲(sheng)吟鳴。兩(liang)相(xiang)對(dui)照之下，盆(pen)松(song)(song)占“小(xiao)”、巧兩(liang)字；野(ye)(ye)松(song)(song)則得其型態之雄偉(wei)，春花秋月各有所長。

下(xia)片(pian)應題中(zhong)“賦張斗墅家古松(song)(song)(song)(song)”。“般巧”三句。此(ci)言(yan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)生得小(xiao)巧可(ke)愛，還(huan)能夠免除掉(diao)遭受利(li)斧砍伐之罪。詞人(ren)說：見到(dao)了盆(pen)(pen)(pen)中(zhong)的松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹，我不由想到(dao)了漢代的赤松(song)(song)(song)(song)子。恐(kong)怕他是(shi)(shi)(shi)最早與松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹作(zuo)伴的仙人(ren)了。“皺鱗(lin)”三句。言(yan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)雖(sui)長得小(xiao)巧，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)細上看(kan)去(qu)，枝上鱗(lin)片(pian)蒼老如細雨(yu)密布其(qi)上；松(song)(song)(song)(song)針層疊，使月(yue)光難(nan)以(yi)穿透。這一句又與上片(pian)“濃光綠(lv)浸(jin)”遙相呼應。“朱弦古調”句，化用唐劉長卿(qing)《聽彈(dan)(dan)(dan)琴》“泠(ling)(ling)泠(ling)(ling)七弦上，靜聽松(song)(song)(song)(song)風(feng)寒。古調雖(sui)自愛，今人(ren)多不彈(dan)(dan)(dan)”詩意。此(ci)言(yan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)可(ke)愛而誘人(ren)，宜騷人(ren)墨客為其(qi)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)奏(zou)《風(feng)入(ru)松(song)(song)(song)(song)》這首古琴曲。“問(wen)訊”三句，側(ce)寫(xie)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)中(zhong)的假山景色。言(yan)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)中(zhong)設(she)有假山：有橋有嶺(ling)，又有泥俑(yong)站在嶺(ling)上倚天(tian)而嘯。“待(dai)凌(ling)霄”三句，顯出松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹本色。此(ci)言(yan)當凌(ling)霄花(hua)謝的時候(hou)，已是(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)了秋盡冬至之時。但到(dao)那個時候(hou)，古松(song)(song)(song)(song)會(hui)愈發顯得精(jing)神奕奕，真是(shi)(shi)(shi)“歲寒見松(song)(song)(song)(song)柏(bo)之長青(qing)”啊(a)！此(ci)雖(sui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在講松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹，而暗中(zhong)卻隱隱以(yi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹之志自比，以(yi)此(ci)傲視世人(ren)。