有(you)巢(chao)氏早(zao)期(qi)生活在浙江寧紹平原一(yi)帶,原屬(shu)河姆渡(du)人的一(yi)支;后遷徙至良渚古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng),在杭(hang)嘉湖平原休養生息并創造“巢(chao)居(ju)”(構木(mu)為巣);并于今(jin)山東瑯琊古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)建立陪都。后又遷至安(an)徽省巢(chao)湖流(liu)域一(yi)帶,定都于凌家灘古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)安(an)徽凌家灘遺址);建立古(gu)巢(chao)國。
古(gu)巢國(guo)是一個以凌家(jia)灘古(gu)城為中心(xin)的城邦國(guo)家(jia)。處于凌家(jia)灘文化時(shi)期(qi)(前4664----前4464年)。同時(shi)也屬于上古(gu)部落首(shou)領”有(you)巢氏(shi)“(尊號”巢皇“、”大巢氏(shi)“前4964----前4464年在(zai)位)執政后期(qi)。
古巢國由良(liang)渚(zhu)古國演變(bian)而來,古巢國的創立(li)者(zhe)就是(shi)良(liang)渚(zhu)古國的末代君主(或氏族)。古巢國文(wen)明本身也(ye)是(shi)良(liang)渚(zhu)文(wen)明的延續。
古巢國本身傳承了河姆渡、良渚、凌家灘三種(zhong)文(wen)化,是(shi)三大遠古文(wen)明的集大成者。
巢湖(hu)市位踞華東腹地,處皖(wan)江(jiang)中心南依(yi)湯湯長江(jiang),脈連蜀越(yue)五湖(hu),西北望莽(mang)莽(mang)淮河,懷抱(bao)巨浸十川,千里沃野,百巒星布,四(si)季(ji)分明(ming)(ming)而水豐土腴,八方輻輳而物阜人旺;是(shi)中華人類起源的一(yi)方瑞土,中華人文始(shi)祖有巢氏及(ji)其氏族生(sheng)息(xi)繁(fan)衍而發韌文明(ming)(ming),在這里建立龐大的氏族方國(guo)---巢國(guo)。
而后又(you)有有巢氏(shi)分(fen)支向黃(huang)淮平原遷徙,定都于商丘古城建立了燧明(ming)國(guo)(實為(wei)“燧明(ming)城邦(bang)”)。
有巢氏最早開(kai)發巢湖流域的漁、農、商(shang)諸業(ye),獲得(de)了迅速(su)繁衍與(yu)興旺壯大(da)的先機(ji),夏代之前便形成了自(zi)己(ji)的氏族方(fang)國(guo)——有巢國(guo),簡(jian)稱(cheng)巢國(guo)。
隨著氏族興旺(wang)壯(zhuang)大而向四周(zhou)擴展,主流趨勢是沿長江北岸土肥水(shui)豐的平(ping)陸地帶東西雙向蔓延(yan),并往大別山麓發展。其(qi)疆域廣袤,大約(yue)包括今(jin)巢湖(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(1區4縣)、合肥市(shi)(shi)(shi)(城(cheng)區和3縣)、六安(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)區和六安(an)、壽(shou)縣、舒城(cheng)、霍山等縣)和安(an)慶市(shi)(shi)(shi)(桐城(cheng)、樅陽等縣)、滁州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)區、全椒、來安(an)等縣)南京市(shi)(shi)(shi)江北地區在內的方圓幾千里的原野(ye)、水(shui)澤、山林。
歷(li)史(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)夏(xia)曾(ceng)佑先(xian)生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)論述上(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)研(yan)(yan)討“世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)”時(shi)(shi)(shi)即曾(ceng)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)過(guo):“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng),決不(bu)(bu)能(neng)謂其(qi)(qi)無所(suo)始(shi)。然言其(qi)(qi)所(suo)始(shi),說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。”當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)”約(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩(liang)(liang)派,一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)“由(you)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),則(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)為(wei)(wei)神(shen)造(zao)”,一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)“由(you)今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),則(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)演”。(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)史(shi)》)所(suo)謂“神(shen)造(zao)”,乃“盤古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)開(kai)天(tian)”,即盤古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)老祖用斧鑿(zao)開(kai)辟天(tian)地(di)(di)(di)而衍生(sheng)天(tian)皇、地(di)(di)(di)皇、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皇,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)便產生(sheng)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)及有(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏。或曰(yue)“女媧造(zao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,無所(suo)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)女神(shen)女媧氏以(yi)石(shi)(shi)補(bu)天(tian),并(bing)用黃土(tu)捏(nie)造(zao)出(chu)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)亦然,譬如《圣經》就(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)上(shang)帝(di)創造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亞當(dang)、夏(xia)娃繁衍了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。所(suo)謂“天(tian)演”,即進化(hua)(hua)(hua)論之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)方(fang)譯說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)英國(guo)(guo)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)查理(li)·達爾文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(Charles Robert Darwin)1859年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《物(wu)(wu)種起(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)》,及赫(he)胥黎(Thomas Henry Huxley)所(suo)著(zhu)(zhu)《進化(hua)(hua)(hua)論與(yu)倫理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)著(zhu)(zhu)名學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)嚴(yan)復(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1895年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)漢譯為(wei)(wei)《天(tian)演論》。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)科學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)確認人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)非為(wei)(wei)“神(shen)造(zao)”,蓋由(you)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)進化(hua)(hua)(hua)而成。關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)(lai)(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)同(tong)樣“說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)”,也約(yue)(yue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)兩(liang)(liang)派,一(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)由(you)域外遷徙(xi)而來(lai)(lai)(lai),其(qi)(qi)遵循的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)“非洲起(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)”;一(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)本土(tu)亦產生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)近(jin)些(xie)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)(lai),隨著(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)境內古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian),如巫山(shan)(shan)龍(long)骨坡(po)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“巫山(shan)(shan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”系(xi)紀(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)204萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)前(qian)(qian),且為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)徹底動搖了(le)(le)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)本同(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定論。隨著(zhu)(zhu)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多(duo)(duo)地(di)(di)(di)起(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興起(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)成果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷新(xin)獲,雄辯地(di)(di)(di)論證(zheng)了(le)(le)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)族(zu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)、華夏(xia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。處于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)(xia)游皖江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)市域,正是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)塊發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位。自(zi)20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)初(chu)(chu)始(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)片圣地(di)(di)(di)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)斷發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)并(bing)獲取古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴遺(yi)(yi)(yi)骸和(he)(he)(he)大批(pi)動植物(wu)(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi),充分(fen)(fen)(fen)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)早(zao)(zao)(zao)在(zai)(zai)70萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~60萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(亦有(you)(you)認為(wei)(wei)50~40萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)),和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)龍(long)潭(tan)洞(dong)(dong)曾(ceng)居(ju)住(zhu)著(zhu)(zhu)“和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(“和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”)。“‘和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’與(yu)‘北(bei)(bei)京(jing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)別較大,而與(yu)‘爪哇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’比較近(jin)似。同(tong)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨器(qi)(qi)、角(jiao)器(qi)(qi)很(hen)多(duo)(duo),加工清(qing)楚,類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型穩定,用火(huo)證(zheng)據也十分(fen)(fen)(fen)確鑿(zao)……據賈蘭坡(po)教授的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見,‘和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’可能(neng)早(zao)(zao)(zao)達七(qi)十萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~六十萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。”(張習孔、田玨主編《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)大事(shi)編年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)·遠古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)》)隨后(hou)又(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)居(ju)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)岱山(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)銀山(shan)(shan)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)(dong)穴里發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“銀山(shan)(shan)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)住(zhu)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi),距(ju)今(jin)(jin)約(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)。“和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)與(yu)論證(zheng),對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)研(yan)(yan)究人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),探(tan)索中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南北(bei)(bei)差異和(he)(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)游地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)演化(hua)(hua)(hua)都至關(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)要。《安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省(sheng)志(zhi)·文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)志(zhi)提要》明(ming)確指(zhi)出(chu):“80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)初(chu)(chu),先(xian)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)龍(long)潭(tan)洞(dong)(dong)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)銀山(shan)(shan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)……被學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)術界(jie)命名為(wei)(wei)‘和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’和(he)(he)(he)‘巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)以(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai),在(zai)(zai)皖南水陽(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)及沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)又(you)(you)相繼(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大批(pi)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)出(chu)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)點(dian)(dian),時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)為(wei)(wei)更(geng)新(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)或偏晚(wan)(wan),屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)南方(fang)礫(li)石(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)對研(yan)(yan)究長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下(xia)(xia)游地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),以(yi)及與(yu)其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi),有(you)(you)著(zhu)(zhu)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。”文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)史(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)靳懷堾評論:“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)又(you)(you)決不(bu)(bu)止于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黃河流(liu)(liu)域……長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域早(zao)(zao)(zao)在(zai)(zai)200~170萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)就(jiu)有(you)(you)巫山(shan)(shan)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)元謀(mou)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干支流(liu)(liu)兩(liang)(liang)岸生(sheng)活(huo)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)還有(you)(you)鄖縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、鄖西猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)陽(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、桐梓(zi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、麗江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、西疇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域繁衍生(sheng)息。”(《華夏(xia)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)》)“南京(jing)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”骨化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)許(xu)漢奎研(yan)(yan)究員(yuan)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia),將(jiang)我國(guo)(guo)最(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)潛山(shan)(shan)靈長(chang)(chang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)骨化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(距(ju)今(jin)(jin)6000多(duo)(duo)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)溧陽(yang)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華曙猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”(4500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian),比埃及古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)還早(zao)(zao)(zao)1000多(duo)(duo)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)泗洪雙(shuang)溝“雙(shuang)溝醉猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”(約(yue)(yue)1500~1000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)繁昌石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(240萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、“和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(約(yue)(yue)50~40萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、“南京(jing)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”和(he)(he)(he)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(約(yue)(yue)30~20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、“鎮江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(約(yue)(yue)4~3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、溧水人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(約(yue)(yue)2~1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))等等聯(lian)系(xi)起(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)研(yan)(yan)究,“推(tui)論安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)(he)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)起(qi)(qi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥地(di)(di)(di)。”(《江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)》)楊東(dong)晨研(yan)(yan)究員(yuan)認為(wei)(wei):“從(cong)靠(kao)近(jin)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)陶店龍(long)潭(tan)洞(dong)(dong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)銀山(shan)(shan)早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi),及皖南水陽(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)兩(liang)(liang)岸二級階地(di)(di)(di)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12處舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)點(dian)(dian)來(lai)(lai)(lai)看,長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)也是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)”。(《先(xian)秦時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)和(he)(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)考(kao)(kao)察》)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)徐吉軍指(zhi)出(chu):“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)又(you)(you)稱‘兩(liang)(liang)淮文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)’,以(yi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,其(qi)(qi)范圍大致包括長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)北(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)兩(liang)(liang)省(sheng)境地(di)(di)(di)。她(ta)處在(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)黃河文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)渡地(di)(di)(di)帶,是(shi)(shi)連接中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)南北(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)走廊與(yu)橋梁。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)著(zhu)(zhu)悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)和(he)(he)(he)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)存。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)泗洪下(xia)(xia)草灣猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)龍(long)潭(tan)洞(dong)(dong)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian),表明(ming)早(zao)(zao)(zao)在(zai)(zai)更(geng)新(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)就(jiu)有(you)(you)了(le)(le)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動。”(《論長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)》)“和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)與(yu)論證(zheng),確立了(le)(le)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)市域在(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥史(shi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯著(zhu)(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)位。歷(li)史(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)應梁指(zhi)出(chu):“安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)龍(long)潭(tan)洞(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等,稱為(wei)(wei)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)直立人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)完全形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),亦即真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)民(min)族(zu)史(shi)》)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)朱泓教授說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)出(chu)土(tu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)(hui)省(sheng)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(今(jin)(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)市)銀屏(ping)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)岱山(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)銀山(shan)(shan)村(cun)附近(jin)……該批(pi)材(cai)料所(suo)顯示(shi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)進步(bu)性體質(zhi)(zhi)特征(zheng)與(yu)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、和(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)同(tong),故巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應歸屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)范疇。”(《體質(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)》)這(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)始(shi)祖有(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)籍于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)市域奠(dian)定了(le)(le)最(zui)堅實亦最(zui)可信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社會學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)論基(ji)礎。
現(xian)代(dai)(dai)社(she)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)很(hen)難(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)想(xiang)象遠古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)自然(ran)界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)(nei)種(zhong)荒(huang)涼(liang)混沌(dun)景象,也(ye)很(hen)難(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)想(xiang)象包括原始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)在(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)界(jie)(jie)那(nei)(nei)等野(ye)蠻混亂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)狀態(tai),而(er)(er)只(zhi)能(neng)通(tong)過古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)獻上(shang)(shang)關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)遠古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自然(ran)和(he)(he)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)活(huo)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)記述,從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)讀出(chu)(chu)(chu)和(he)(he)想(xiang)見一(yi)(yi)些合(he)乎當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“實況”或“真相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)近”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情景來。(徐旭生(sheng)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)》)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)獻告訴我(wo)們(men),“上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)穴(xue)(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)而(er)(er)野(ye)處(chu),后世圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宮(gong)室。”(《易(yi)·系辭》)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)生(sheng),因陵丘崛(jue)穴(xue)(xue)而(er)(er)處(chu)焉(yan)。”“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min),未知為宮(gong)室時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),就(jiu)(jiu)陵阜而(er)(er)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),穴(xue)(xue)而(er)(er)處(chu)……未知為衣(yi)(yi)服(fu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),衣(yi)(yi)皮(pi)帶茭(jiao)……未知飲食時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),素(su)食而(er)(er)分(fen)處(chu)。”(《墨子·辭過》)“日(ri)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),族與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)萬物(wu)并。”(《莊子·馬蹄(ti)》)“昔者(zhe)(zhe)昊英之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)伐(fa)木(mu)(mu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)殺。”(《商君書·畫(hua)策篇》)“昔者(zhe)(zhe)先(xian)(xian)王未有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)宮(gong)室,冬則(ze)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)營窟,夏則(ze)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)橧巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。未有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)火化(hua)(hua)(hua),食草(cao)(cao)木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實,禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉,飲其(qi)血,茹其(qi)毛,未有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)麻絲,衣(yi)(yi)其(qi)羽皮(pi)。”(《禮記·禮運》)“合(he)雒(luo)紀(ji)世,民(min)(min)(min)(min)始(shi)穴(xue)(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),衣(yi)(yi)皮(pi)毛。”(《春秋(qiu)緯(wei)·命(ming)歷(li)(li)序》)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)共(gong)處(chu)洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多少(shao)(shao)年,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為爭(zheng)奪洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)權付出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)多大(da)(da)代(dai)(dai)價,誰也(ye)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)詳考和(he)(he)統計。原始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)面對大(da)(da)量死亡,無(wu)(wu)止的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流血和(he)(he)日(ri)夜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哀(ai)號,老弱婦幼唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)恐慌與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)淚泣,青壯年們(men)則(ze)努力(li)拼搏(bo)著(zhu)、掙扎著(zhu)、思慮著(zhu)、探索(suo)著(zhu)——人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)必須走出(chu)(chu)(chu)洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue),避(bi)(bi)(bi)讓蟲(chong)蛇,離(li)(li)開(kai)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou),尋(xun)找和(he)(he)建(jian)筑屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)自己生(sheng)存與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)繁衍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)空(kong)間(jian)——于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi),“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”終于(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)了(le)(le)(le)。那(nei)(nei)么首創(chuang)(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)誰呢?《莊子·盜跖》云:“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)多而(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)少(shao)(shao),于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)皆巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)避(bi)(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。晝拾橡栗(li),暮棲木(mu)(mu)上(shang)(shang),故(gu)(gu)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)’。”《古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)三(san)墳》記:“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)太古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian),覺(jue)識于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)、地(di)(di)、草(cao)(cao)、木(mu)(mu)、蟲(chong)、魚、鳥(niao)、獸(shou)(shou)(shou),俾人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)穴(xue)(xue),積鳥(niao)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉,聚草(cao)(cao)木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實,天(tian)下(xia)九頭(tou),咸歸有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),始(shi)君也(ye),動(dong)止,群(qun)群(qun)相(xiang)(xiang)聚而(er)(er)尊事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《韓非(fei)子·五蠹》載:“上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)少(shao)(shao)而(er)(er)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)眾,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)勝(sheng)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)蟲(chong)蛇。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo),構(gou)木(mu)(mu)為巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)避(bi)(bi)(bi)群(qun)害,而(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(悅(yue))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使王天(tian)下(xia),號之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’。”《始(shi)學(xue)篇》曰(yue):“上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皆穴(xue)(xue)處(chu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),號‘大(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’。”《通(tong)志(zhi)·三(san)皇紀(ji)》云:“厥初,先(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)穴(xue)(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)野(ye)處(chu),圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)避(bi)(bi)(bi)蟲(chong)豸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害,而(er)(er)食草(cao)(cao)木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實,故(gu)(gu)號‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’,亦曰(yue)‘大(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’。”毫無(wu)(wu)疑問,“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”首創(chuang)(chuang)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功德是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)量無(wu)(wu)垠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。遠古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai),茫茫洪荒(huang),兇禽(qin)猛獸(shou)(shou)(shou),初民(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)活(huo)艱難(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)困(kun)苦,生(sheng)命(ming)毫無(wu)(wu)保障(zhang),各(ge)個(ge)(ge)“原始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)”無(wu)(wu)不(bu)奮力(li)戰斗以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圖改變(bian)和(he)(he)改善(shan)生(sheng)存條(tiao)件(jian),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)創(chuang)(chuang)見最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)貢獻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖先(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),他(ta)既有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,仁人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愛,更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)偉(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi),杰人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),他(ta)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)在(zai)極其(qi)艱難(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困(kun)境中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),用智慧和(he)(he)膽識,血汗和(he)(he)生(sheng)命(ming),英勇無(wu)(wu)畏地(di)(di)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)斗,與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)斗,與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)斗,終于(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)奮斗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實踐過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)創(chuang)(chuang)造革新(xin)(xin),導引人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)進步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英雄(xiong)(xiong)典范。1903年,民(min)(min)(min)(min)族文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)效魯在(zai)贊(zan)美(mei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)族文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)悠(you)久偉(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曾(ceng)這(zhe)樣宣言(yan):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作(zuo)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)法(fa)(fa),伏羲(xi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)畫(hua)八卦、教(jiao)(jiao)佃漁、造書契、作(zuo)甲歷(li)(li),神(shen)農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藝(yi)五谷,制醫(yi)藥,立商廛(chan),蓋當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)甲于(yu)(yu)(yu)諸(zhu)族……民(min)(min)(min)(min)智漸啟,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濫觴,實始(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)斯時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過去及(ji)未來》)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)、出(chu)(chu)(chu)版家王云五贊(zan)頌(song)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)偉(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)造巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)。”(《王云五大(da)(da)辭典》)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)家徐旭生(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、燧(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統里面,由于(yu)(yu)(yu)特別有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)功,或者(zhe)(zhe)更(geng)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)他(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功業更(geng)容(rong)易(yi)被(bei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)了(le)(le)(le)解,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)除了(le)(le)(le)《系辭》所述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)帝(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外他(ta)們(men)特別占著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)優勝(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)位。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)》)文(wen)(wen)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)蔡建(jian)軍指出(chu)(chu)(chu):“從(cong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)‘構(gou)木(mu)(mu)為巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’,到(dao)燧(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)‘鉆(zhan)燧(sui)取火’,到(dao)神(shen)農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)‘與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)麋(mi)鹿共(gong)處(chu),耕(geng)而(er)(er)食,織而(er)(er)衣(yi)(yi)’,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)‘上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)’史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進入了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)階(jie)段。”(《玉(yu)蟾巖神(shen)農氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族遺址與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)起(qi)源》)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功德具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)導引全(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)進步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)意義。恩格(ge)(ge)斯指出(chu)(chu)(chu):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),我(wo)們(men)就(jiu)(jiu)開(kai)始(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)(le)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《自然(ran)辯證法(fa)(fa)》)這(zhe)里所說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)原始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)那(nei)(nei)從(cong)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)猿”進化(hua)(hua)(hua)過來而(er)(er)跨入“原始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”新(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)”。所謂歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),本(ben)質上(shang)(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)構(gou)成歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)要(yao)素(su)。恩格(ge)(ge)斯又(you)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)初怎樣脫(tuo)離(li)(li)動(dong)物(wu)界(jie)(jie)(就(jiu)(jiu)狹義而(er)(er)言(yan)),他(ta)們(men)就(jiu)(jiu)怎樣進入歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《自然(ran)辯證法(fa)(fa)》)這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)確告訴我(wo)們(men),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社(she)會(hui)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)頁(ye)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)初脫(tuo)離(li)(li)動(dong)物(wu)界(jie)(jie)那(nei)(nei)第一(yi)(yi)步(bu)走成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。1924年3月9日(ri),孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)講(jiang)授《民(min)(min)(min)(min)權主義》,在(zai)討論人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)“世界(jie)(jie)進化(hua)(hua)(hua)”分(fen)析(xi)遠古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),則(ze)隆重地(di)(di)推(tui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)先(xian)(xian)祖有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),他(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“世界(jie)(jie)進化(hua)(hua)(hua)……到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)同天(tian)爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai),專講(jiang)打是(shi)(shi)不(bu)可能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),故(gu)(gu)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)感覺(jue)非(fei)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困(kun)難(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)。后來便有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)聰(cong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)出(chu)(chu)(chu)來替人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)謀幸福……有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)在(zai)樹上(shang)(shang)做(zuo)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)室,替人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)謀避(bi)(bi)(bi)風雨(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)災害。自此以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后,文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)便逐(zhu)漸發(fa)達(da),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)逐(zhu)漸團(tuan)結起(qi)來。”(《三(san)民(min)(min)(min)(min)主義》)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)家呂(lv)振羽滿腔熱情地(di)(di)贊(zan)美(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“構(gou)木(mu)(mu)為巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)創(chuang)(chuang)造,說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)至此“才從(cong)‘日(ri)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),族與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)萬物(wu)并’的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀態(tai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)解放出(chu)(chu)(chu)來。”(《簡明(ming)(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)通(tong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)家哲學(xue)家任繼愈先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“通(tong)過史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)書,我(wo)們(men)看到(dao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)許(xu)許(xu)多多英雄(xiong)(xiong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物(wu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)(wu)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)明(ming)(ming)(ming)創(chuang)(chuang)造……有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)樹上(shang)(shang)搭屋,這(zhe)也(ye)很(hen)了(le)(le)(le)不(bu)起(qi)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)不(bu)用在(zai)洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)里住(zhu)了(le)(le)(le),能(neng)夠住(zhu)房了(le)(le)(le),這(zhe)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)避(bi)(bi)(bi)免(mian)潮(chao)濕,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步(bu)。”(《有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)里程碑意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)盛事》)離(li)(li)開(kai)洞(dong)穴(xue)(xue)、避(bi)(bi)(bi)讓禽(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”,顯然(ran)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)動(dong)物(wu)分(fen)野(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)初行(xing)為,是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)所揭開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)頁(ye)。作(zuo)為“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”首創(chuang)(chuang)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),無(wu)(wu)疑是(shi)(shi)開(kai)啟全(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)(ming)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。
◎《百家(jia)姓(xing)詳解》云(yun):“巢(chao)(chao),堯(yao)為帝時,有(you)大臣(chen)巢(chao)(chao)父常居于山中,以樹為巢(chao)(chao)……。禹帝時曾封有(you)巢(chao)(chao)氏之(zhi)后建立巢(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(今安(an)徽境(jing)內)。在夏、商、周三代,巢(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)世(shi)代為諸侯(hou)國(guo)(guo)(guo),春秋時期(qi),前518年,吳國(guo)(guo)(guo)滅掉巢(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo),巢(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)后代公族便以原國(guo)(guo)(guo)名作為姓(xing)氏。”
夏王朝時期,地宜物豐的南巢(chao)(chao)(chao),吸引著(zhu)其它氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族部落(luo)(luo)(如(ru)皋陶(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)裔偃姓部落(luo)(luo))從東方、北方不斷徙入,有巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)熱情友誼地歡(huan)迎外姓并(bing)讓出巢(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)西方、西南方地域(今六安市六安縣、舒(shu)城縣一(yi)帶)許(xu)以(yi)定居,便(bian)漸漸形(xing)成了以(yi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)國為中心(xin)的部落(luo)(luo)聯盟,在巢(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)流域、江淮之間廣袤大地上生活、居息(xi)和墾植,以(yi)地理方位(wei)稱(cheng)其為“南巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)”,簡稱(cheng)“南巢(chao)(chao)(chao)”。
成湯戰(zhan)敗夏桀,夏桀逃往(wang)南(nan)巢(chao),南(nan)巢(chao)以接納夏桀為條件,與(yu)成湯達成協議(yi),南(nan)巢(chao)與(yu)商(shang)王朝分疆而(er)治(zhi),和睦(mu)相處,幾(ji)百(bai)年間無戰(zhan)事。
巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)能(neng)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)發(fa)祥(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)能(neng)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)子孫(sun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)息地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),關(guan)鍵因素(su)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)具(ju)備(bei)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)(cun)(cun)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)特定(ding)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。就巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)審視,其(qi)(qi)(qi)南(nan)濱(bin)長(chang)江,懷抱巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)由北而(er)南(nan)漸低,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌類(lei)(lei)型復雜多樣,山丘、崗臺(tai)、圩(wei)畈三者(zhe)合理(li)分(fen)布(bu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)江、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、山、泉(quan)并(bing)(bing)存(cun)(cun)(cun),以(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)見長(chang),河湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)(yu)近1300平(ping)方(fang)公里。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)跨東(dong)經117°00′~118°29′、北緯(wei)30°56′~32°02′,氣溫適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),四季分(fen)明(ming),資源(yuan)豐實(shi)(shi),得天獨厚(hou)(hou),樹木、果木、谷物(wu)(wu)(wu)、雜物(wu)(wu)(wu)、魚蝦、禽(qin)獸,品種(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)多,尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山岡連(lian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)野(ye),山陵多洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),適宜(yi)各種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)息,各種(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命繁(fan)衍。也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo),這(zhe)(zhe)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)在(zai)自(zi)然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態上(shang)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)優厚(hou)(hou)而(er)且(qie)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)適宜(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相對(dui)于“穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”而(er)言(yan)并(bing)(bing)由其(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)展(zhan)而(er)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。值得我(wo)們(men)(men)關(guan)注與驚喜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)從(cong)(cong)“和縣(xian)猿人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍潭洞里發(fa)現(xian)了(le)25種(zhong)(zhong)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第四紀動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu))。從(cong)(cong)骨骸化石鑒定(ding)分(fen)析(xi),“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)猿人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”遺址的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)處(chu)洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),至少有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過豹、熊、虎、犀牛(niu)等(deng)(deng)24種(zhong)(zhong)哺乳動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)出沒。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)資料明(ming)確(que)(que)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)告訴我(wo)們(men)(men),我(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖先(xian)確(que)(que)實(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)野(ye)處(chu)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與禽(qin)獸蟲蛇(she)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“伴”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。龍潭洞、銀山洞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)位(wei)置(zhi)和自(zi)然(ran)環(huan)(huan)境,及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)學上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)論證(zheng)(zheng),可(ke)讓我(wo)們(men)(men)透過時(shi)(shi)空(kong)邃道而(er)直觀幾十萬前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)場景和探索(suo)他們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)蹤(zong)跡,并(bing)(bing)讓我(wo)們(men)(men)得知(zhi),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)經歷(li)(li)了(le)幾十萬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苦難(nan)、思考(kao)(kao)才覺醒起(qi)來,離開(kai)洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),避讓禽(qin)獸,建筑屬于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨立家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)園。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)引(yin)起(qi)“避讓禽(qin)獸”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覺醒,產生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)(bian)革(ge)“穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創意(yi),提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)社(she)會環(huan)(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳(jia)客(ke)觀依(yi)據,此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)二。存(cun)(cun)(cun)在(zai)決定(ding)意(yi)識。識者(zhe)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)從(cong)(cong)改變(bian)(bian)“穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”而(er)走向“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”,并(bing)(bing)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)“筑巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)建居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”,還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)環(huan)(huan)境必須提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)以(yi)下這(zhe)(zhe)4方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),而(er)且(qie)似乎缺一(yi)(yi)(yi)則難(nan)以(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)。①地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)——有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)阜(fu)陵,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山洞,先(xian)民(min)(min)起(qi)初是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與禽(qin)獸共同(tong)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),躲(duo)避風雨寒暑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。②資源(yuan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)——有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)野(ye),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本食物(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)。③物(wu)(wu)(wu)產要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)——多樹木,且(qie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)喬木,利筑巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),筑巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)大量樹木。④氣候要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)——處(chu)南(nan)方(fang),氣候宜(yi),因為(wei)(wei)(wei)簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),非南(nan)方(fang)氣候溫潤(run)則幼弱(ruo)無(wu)法過冬。張習孔(kong)等(deng)(deng)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)在(zai)介紹(shao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)特別(bie)強(qiang)調,“在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)早(zao)(zao)期(qi),特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min),確(que)(que)實(shi)(shi)經歷(li)(li)過一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)‘巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)’生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)大事編年》)朱(zhu)泓(hong)教授說(shuo)(shuo):“(巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)猿人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進步性體質(zhi)特征(zheng)與北京猿人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、和縣(xian)猿人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不同(tong),故巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應歸屬于早(zao)(zao)期(qi)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)范疇。”(《體質(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)學》)位(wei)處(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國東(dong)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)及(ji)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)和物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)環(huan)(huan)境,給“早(zao)(zao)期(qi)智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”即原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智者(zhe)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)由“穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”到“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)革(ge)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),此(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)三。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勤于創新(xin)、發(fa)明(ming)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、開(kai)創文(wen)(wen)明(ming)、福澤(ze)萬世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)祖而(er)自(zi)豪。千百年來,諸(zhu)(zhu)多姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)都在(zai)尋(xun)根探源(yuan)論證(zheng)(zheng)他們(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)血緣后(hou)(hou)裔,諸(zhu)(zhu)多地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)都在(zai)廣搜文(wen)(wen)獻求(qiu)(qiu)證(zheng)(zheng)他們(men)(men)那里是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)籍地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)望。然(ran)就歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)資料和研究成(cheng)果而(er)言(yan),最為(wei)(wei)(wei)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)。漢代緯(wei)書《遁(dun)甲開(kai)山圖》記載:“石樓山在(zai)瑯邪,昔有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)治(zhi)此(ci)山南(nan)。”(按:瑯邪,一(yi)(yi)(yi)作瑯琊,山名(ming),在(zai)安(an)徽省滁州市(shi)西南(nan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)古(gu)(gu)代名(ming)山,漢元(yuan)(yuan)封5年即公元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)106年,武帝劉徹南(nan)巡還(huan)曾(ceng)禮拜此(ci)山。需要(yao)(yao)(yao)指(zhi)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山西省石樓縣(xian)、山東(dong)省諸(zhu)(zhu)城縣(xian)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山同(tong)名(ming)。)瑯琊山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣袤(mao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)(yu),正是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)今巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)所(suo)轄區縣(xian)。明(ming)清(qing)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)學者(zhe)認(ren)(ren)定(ding)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)裔巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),并(bing)(bing)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)源(yuan)自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父(fu)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)認(ren)(ren)知(zhi)見諸(zhu)(zhu)縣(xian)志(zhi)。(康熙(xi)《巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)志(zhi)》、雍正《巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)志(zhi)》)現(xian)代文(wen)(wen)史(shi)(shi)學者(zhe)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)同(tong)識,“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖先(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曾(ceng)經生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)”。(龔衛國《民(min)(min)間傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)系列·巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)》)“據古(gu)(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)筑巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故鄉。那么現(xian)今巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民(min)(min)族最早(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)源(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)了(le)。”(葉(xie)尚志(zhi)《漫(man)說(shuo)(shuo)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)三上(shang)將》)專欄(lan)作家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)瀟水(shui)(shui)(shui)對(dui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)創“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”作了(le)較為(wei)(wei)(wei)深細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)和研究,并(bing)(bing)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)著作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)給與了(le)形(xing)象描(miao)述和評說(shuo)(shuo):“七八千年前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)江兩岸,房子也(ye)星(xing)星(xing)火火地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點綴起(qi)來了(le)。就像北方(fang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)挖地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣,南(nan)方(fang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)搭鳥巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。……棲息在(zai)木樁上(shang)躲(duo)避禽(qin)獸,也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’了(le)。安(an)徽省有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian),據說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)。”(《青銅時(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蕨類(lei)(lei)戰爭》)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)法,如臺(tai)灣學者(zhe)詹(zhan)招琳先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、混(hun)沌氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伏羲時(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個(ge)帝王。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)都舞陽,后(hou)(hou)遷巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)……。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)源(yuan)共祖統(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)輩(bei)序(昭穆)表(biao)·有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)考(kao)(kao)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三皇五帝時(shi)(shi)期(qi)》)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學者(zhe)湯錦程稱:“最早(zao)(zao)進入(ru)安(an)徽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)族……巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全國五大淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)(cun)(cun)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)必備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)(jian),所(suo)以(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)首(shou)(shou)選之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”(《安(an)徽湯氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)源(yuan)流(liu)考(kao)(kao)》)雖說(shuo)(shuo)遷居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),但并(bing)(bing)不否定(ding)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“首(shou)(shou)創巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。綜(zong)上(shang)所(suo)述,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)辟了(le)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)史(shi)(shi)頁,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)辟了(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)紀元(yuan)(yuan)。也(ye)就氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)文(wen)(wen)明(ming)時(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曙光是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)今巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)升射天穹,再八方(fang)輻(fu)射而(er)普(pu)照天下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
◎《尚書·仲虺之誥(gao)》記:“成湯放桀于(yu)南巢(chao)。”
◎《呂氏春秋》記:“湯(tang)伐桀,戰(zhan)于成,登自鳴條,乃入巢門。”
◎《國(guo)語》韋昭(zhao)注稱:“南(nan)巢(chao),揚州地,巢(chao)伯之國(guo),今廬江居(ju)巢(chao)是也。”
◎《淮南子(zi)》記:湯“整兵鳴(ming)條(tiao),困夏南巢,譙以其過,放(fang)之歷山。”
◎《淮南子》高誘注稱,“南巢(chao)”為“今(jin)廬江(jiang)居(ju)巢(chao)”,釋(shi)“歷(li)山”曰“蓋歷(li)陽之(zhi)(zhi)山”。南巢(chao)、巢(chao)門,皆稱古巢(chao)國地域,歷(li)山在今(jin)巢(chao)湖市和縣,系(xi)屬古巢(chao)國之(zhi)(zhi)境。
◎《荊州(zhou)箴》云(yun):“南巢茫茫,多楚與(yu)荊,風飄以悍,氣銳以剛……。”
◎郭沫(mo)若主編《中國史稿地圖(tu)(tu)集》之夏代(dai)地圖(tu)(tu)將“南(nan)巢”標點于今巢城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)。
◎《巢湖市(shi)志》記:“夏(xia)代,以地(di)處宗主國夏(xia)王朝(chao)的南疆(jiang),故又稱‘南巢’。”
周代商而立,則(ze)多次遣師征討(tao)并戰勝了(le)巢國(guo)(guo),視巢國(guo)(guo)地(di)大勢強不便(bian)控制(zhi),遂(sui)將其地(di)析分(fen)為巢、廬(廬,房(fang)屋,與巢同義)二國(guo)(guo),因賜(si)爵(jue)位不同,而分(fen)別被(bei)稱為“巢伯(bo)國(guo)(guo)”、“廬子國(guo)(guo)”,廬國(guo)(guo)新都(dou)于今合肥(fei)城(cheng)城(cheng)區(qu),巢國(guo)(guo)仍(reng)都(dou)于今巢城(cheng)城(cheng)區(qu)。
史入春秋,巢(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)疆域先(xian)后遭遇“群(qun)舒(shu)(shu)(shu)”(舒(shu)(shu)(shu)、舒(shu)(shu)(shu)庸、舒(shu)(shu)(shu)蓼、舒(shu)(shu)(shu)鳩、舒(shu)(shu)(shu)龍,在今(jin)(jin)舒(shu)(shu)(shu)城、廬江一帶(dai))、橐皋(今(jin)(jin)巢(chao)湖市柘(zhe)皋鎮及(ji)肥東縣東部一帶(dai))等眾小國(guo)(guo)(guo)的侵略和蠶食。楚(chu)、吳(wu)(wu)相繼強(qiang)盛,使得(de)位處(chu)“吳(wu)(wu)頭楚(chu)尾”的巢(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo),長期成為楚(chu)、吳(wu)(wu)二強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)掠(lve)奪對象和交(jiao)兵戰場,時(shi)為楚(chu)屬,時(shi)為吳(wu)(wu)屬。歷來(lai)注(zhu)重經濟建設,睦鄰友朋而忽略軍(jun)事(shi)的巢(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo),便在這種軍(jun)國(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)義橫行、列強(qiang)稱霸(ba)的惡劣環境中漸次衰(shuai)微,直到被吳(wu)(wu)(前518年)滅亡。
“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”是(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),是(shi)后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)贈予首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)創巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)祖(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),隨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)他用世(shi)(shi)(shi)著史(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)。誠如(ru)魯(lu)迅(xun)所(suo)(suo)解(jie)(jie):“至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)實狀,則(ze)(ze)荒漠不(bu)(bu)可考,君長(chang)(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),且(qie)難(nan)審(shen)知,世(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)天皇(huang)、地(di)皇(huang)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皇(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)皇(huang)者(zhe),列三(san)(san)才(cai)開始(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu),繼以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、燧(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、伏羲(xi)、神(shen)農(nong)者(zhe),明(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)化(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng),殆皆(jie)后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)命(ming)(ming),非真號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)矣!”(《漢文(wen)(wen)(wen)學史(shi)(shi)(shi)綱(gang)要(yao)·自(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)至(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)章》)圣(sheng)祖(zu)(zu)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”功德顯(xian)著地(di)位(wei)高尚,于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)就成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他所(suo)(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)“原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)名(ming)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)“原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)”所(suo)(suo)生息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)詞(ci)和(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)詞(ci)。歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)學家(jia)徐(xu)旭生對此(ci)作過(guo)(guo)研究,“就所(suo)(suo)能(neng)得(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料去(qu)(qu)研討,我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)推斷神(shen)農(nong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、燧(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)類(lei)(lei),是(shi)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思想家(jia)從社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)想出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)(zhi)示時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)詞(ci)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)》)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)學大(da)(da)(da)師錢(qian)穆從人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)演(yan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)視角分析得(de)很有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)道理:“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)傳說(shuo),極富理性(xing),切近事(shi)實,與(yu)(yu)(yu)并(bing)(bing)(bing)世(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)追述(shu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)充滿神(shen)話(hua)氣味者(zhe)大(da)(da)(da)不(bu)(bu)相同(tong)(tong)。如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),燧(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)熟食時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),庖犧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)畜牧時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)耕稼時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。此(ci)等(deng)名(ming)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),本非古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)所(suo)(suo)本有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),乃(nai)屬(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)想象稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)述(shu),乃(nai)與(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)演(yan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)階(jie)段(duan),先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)符合(he)。此(ci)見(jian)(jian)我(wo)(wo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)民(min)(min),早(zao)(zao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)演(yan)進(jin)(jin)(jin),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)清(qing)(qing)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀(guan)點與(yu)(yu)(yu)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)想法。”(《近人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懷疑》)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)。歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)學家(jia)許立(li)群(qun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1942年(nian)(nian)(nian)描述(shu)過(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)狀況,“曾有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、燧(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、伏羲(xi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、女媧(wa)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)事(shi)跡,首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)先(xian)(xian)說(shuo)到(dao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)……。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)話(hua)》)范(fan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)瀾著《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)通史(shi)(shi)(shi)》將(jiang)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)境內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”明(ming)確劃分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)。吳(wu)(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)楨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)論(lun)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)分期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi),“在(zai)(zai)(zai)對所(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)那(nei)些名(ming)字(zi)(zi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)番認(ren)(ren)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核查(cha)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)發現(xian)剩下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)名(ming)字(zi)(zi)值(zhi)得(de)我(wo)(wo)們(men)(men)(men)稍加注(zhu)意(yi)。那(nei)就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),二燧(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),三(san)(san)庖犧或(huo)(huo)伏羲(xi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),四(si)(si)神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統》)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)學家(jia)們(men)(men)(men)遂(sui)將(jiang)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”紀(ji)(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“無(wu)(wu)限制”地(di)往(wang)前(qian)(qian)推進(jin)(jin)(jin),直到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“傳說(shuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)始(shi)(shi)端(duan)——地(di)質時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)跨越“更新世(shi)(shi)(shi)”早(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“舊(jiu)石器(qi)”早(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),甚至(zhi)(zhi)包括170萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元謀人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)經(jing)(jing)歷(li)(li)藍田(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)……直至(zhi)(zhi)5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丁(ding)村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),嗣后(hou)(hou)才(cai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)“燧(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”。(歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)學家(jia)張習孔、田(tian)玨主(zhu)編《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)事(shi)編年(nian)(nian)(nian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)表(biao)》)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)創巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)祖(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)可能(neng)生于(yu)(yu)(yu)170萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)。《古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)三(san)(san)墳》等(deng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)獻載(zai)(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)燧(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子,也(ye)就說(shuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)可能(neng)生活于(yu)(yu)(yu)舊(jiu)石器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),約與(yu)(yu)(yu)“丁(ding)村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“柳江(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)或(huo)(huo)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)。燧(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)否為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)子尚待進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)考證(zheng),但(dan)“血(xue)緣(yuan)群(qun)婚(hun)”社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)形(xing)(xing)態下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)(huo)許有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)群(qun)子孫,且(qie)將(jiang)自(zi)然(ran)地(di)繁衍而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)血(xue)族(zu)(zu)(zu),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)強大(da)(da)(da)血(xue)族(zu)(zu)(zu)再漸(jian)次(ci)蘗生許多支(zhi)系(xi)。馬克思指(zhi)(zhi)出:“血(xue)緣(yuan)家(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)組織(zhi)形(xing)(xing)式”。(《摩爾根(gen)〈古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)〉一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)摘要(yao)》)血(xue)緣(yuan)家(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(血(xue)緣(yuan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出現(xian),是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)從“原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)(shi)群(qun)”轉變(bian)到(dao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(血(xue)緣(yuan)家(jia)庭公社(she))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。生息并(bing)(bing)(bing)漁、牧于(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)四(si)(si)周(zhou),或(huo)(huo)水澤(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁,或(huo)(huo)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)野(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang),或(huo)(huo)山林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子孫代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)繁衍,必將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)流(liu)域(yu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)血(xue)族(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)核心(xin)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樞(shu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)支(zhi)系(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)群(qun)體。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)與(yu)(yu)(yu)早(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)華(hua)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)相比,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)最(zui)(zui)(zui)殊異而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)又最(zui)(zui)(zui)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)最(zui)(zui)(zui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活特(te)(te)征就是(shi)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”,即(ji)使那(nei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”簡陋得(de)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)竹木構架、茅草結(jie)蓬,但(dan)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”絕對就是(shi)“家(jia)”,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)賴以(yi)(yi)(yi)生存(cun)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)(he)(he)繁衍子孫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“家(jia)”。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)這(zhe)(zhe)地(di)方(fang)(fang)不(bu)(bu)僅首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)創巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)且(qie)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)方(fang)(fang)式推行(xing)最(zui)(zui)(zui)廣(guang)、最(zui)(zui)(zui)快,由(you)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”于(yu)(yu)(yu)樹上(shang)(shang),到(dao)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”于(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)面(mian),由(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)孤立(li),到(dao)數巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聚(ju)集,直到(dao)群(qun)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)連(lian)片,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)城(cheng)邑。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)總首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)領即(ji)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父(fu)(fu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)無(wu)(wu)疑是(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)群(qun)”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)規模有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多大(da)(da)(da),史(shi)(shi)(shi)料無(wu)(wu)考。《論(lun)語(yu)·公冶(ye)長(chang)(chang)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“十室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo),“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父(fu)(fu)”居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)自(zi)然(ran)不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)少于(yu)(yu)(yu)10室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數,完全(quan)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)理直氣壯地(di)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“邑”——巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)邑。考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學家(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)區(qu)位(wei)——今(jin)含山縣(xian)凌家(jia)灘(tan)所(suo)(suo)發現(xian)5300年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)村(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(城(cheng)邑),無(wu)(wu)疑是(shi)那(nei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)聚(ju)集地(di)即(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)領的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住地(di)。關(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁衍與(yu)(yu)(yu)續(xu)延(yan),史(shi)(shi)(shi)書(shu)(shu)多有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai),說(shuo)法略見(jian)(jian)差異。《通志(zhi)(zhi)·三(san)(san)皇(huang)紀(ji)(ji)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)》稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天下(xia)百(bai)(bai)(bai)余(yu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),民(min)(min)知巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),未知熟食”。《佛祖(zu)(zu)歷(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)通載(zai)(zai)》稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),百(bai)(bai)(bai)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),不(bu)(bu)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。”《三(san)(san)皇(huang)五(wu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天下(xia)百(bai)(bai)(bai)余(yu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”。《太平御覽》“皇(huang)王(wang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)三(san)(san)·有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”條下(xia)引(yin)《遁甲(jia)開山圖(tu)》注(zhu):“王(wang)天下(xia)百(bai)(bai)(bai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)余(yu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),未詳年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)也(ye)。”《博(bo)物(wu)志(zhi)(zhi)》記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)述(shu)得(de)更加詳細:“昔有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)亂(luan)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)貴,任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),假之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)權,專(zhuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)斷,已而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)奪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)怒而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生變(bian),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亡。”值(zhi)得(de)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)《春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)緯(wei)命(ming)(ming)歷(li)(li)序(xu)》其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)八《因(yin)提紀(ji)(ji)》、其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九《禪(chan)通紀(ji)(ji)》兩紀(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分別見(jian)(jian)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,事(shi)功不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),并(bing)(bing)(bing)見(jian)(jian)“傳二世(shi)(shi)(shi)”與(yu)(yu)(yu)“傳七(qi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差。同(tong)(tong)樣,《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)表(biao)·盤(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)王(wang)表(biao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)《重(zhong)鑄煙火時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)》(約前(qian)(qian)5770~4070年(nian)(nian)(nian))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)6氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”(共(gong)(gong)2代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai));其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)《躍(yue)起(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)》(約前(qian)(qian)3150~2230年(nian)(nian)(nian))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)4氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皇(huang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”(共(gong)(gong)7代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai))。清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)學者(zhe)梁履(lv)繩考說(shuo)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)、燧(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)前(qian)(qian),亦謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)‘大(da)(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’,治(zhi)石樓山,在(zai)(zai)(zai)位(wei)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)……一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)昊英之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),《六(liu)(liu)韜(tao)》、《世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)》所(suo)(suo)敘(xu)者(zhe)是(shi)也(ye)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兄梁玉繩認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),“后(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)必上(shang)(shang)世(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裔,遷徙異處(chu)(chu),降居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)諸(zhu)侯,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太吳(wu)(wu)臣(chen)(chen)(chen),似不(bu)(bu)得(de)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)任亂(luan)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)擅國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)亡。”(《〈史(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)〉〈漢書(shu)(shu)〉諸(zhu)表(biao)訂補十種》)漫長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)領自(zi)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)業績和(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)身(shen)份,也(ye)就往(wang)往(wang)留下(xia)同(tong)(tong)名(ming)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)事(shi)跡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)。后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)區(qu)別,或(huo)(huo)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)創巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)祖(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“大(da)(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,或(huo)(huo)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)(hou)嗣有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)領為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皇(huang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。在(zai)(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)經(jing)(jing)燧(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、伏羲(xi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(女媧(wa)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、軒轅氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)堯(yao)、舜時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)位(wei)漸(jian)次(ci)屈低,興盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)聯(lian)盟首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)領被(bei)(bei)尊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“九州長(chang)(chang)”,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)領則(ze)(ze)被(bei)(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父(fu)(fu)”,并(bing)(bing)(bing)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)先(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)們(men)(men)(men)茹毛飲血(xue),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)接一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)地(di)艱苦奮斗,最(zui)(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)開發治(zhi)理巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)流(liu)域(yu),漁、牧、農(nong)、商(shang)諸(zhu)業。這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)地(di)沃物(wu)豐(feng),吸引(yin)著其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(如(ru)皋陶(tao)(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)偃(yan)姓(xing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo))從東方(fang)(fang)、北(bei)方(fang)(fang)不(bu)(bu)斷徙入(ru),作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土著氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)熱情地(di)迎納外族(zu)(zu)(zu)并(bing)(bing)(bing)讓出巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)西(xi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)廣(guang)闊地(di)域(yu)(今(jin)六(liu)(liu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)、舒城(cheng)縣(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶)許以(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)便(bian)漸(jian)漸(jian)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)聯(lian)盟。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)疆(jiang)域(yu)廣(guang)袤,大(da)(da)(da)約包括今(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(1區(qu)4縣(xian))、合(he)肥市(shi)(shi)(shi)(城(cheng)區(qu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)3縣(xian))、六(liu)(liu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)區(qu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)六(liu)(liu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)、壽(shou)縣(xian)、舒城(cheng)、霍山等(deng)縣(xian))和(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)慶市(shi)(shi)(shi)(桐城(cheng)、樅陽(yang)等(deng)縣(xian))、滁州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)區(qu)、全(quan)椒、來安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)等(deng)縣(xian))南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)江(jiang)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)圓幾千(qian)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)野(ye)、水澤(ze)(ze)、山林。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)禹入(ru)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)治(zhi)水期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盟友(you)皋陶(tao)(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)華(hua)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)結(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)聯(lian)盟,皋陶(tao)(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女偃(yan)攸嫁給夏(xia)(xia)(xia)禹,并(bing)(bing)(bing)生下(xia)啟,這(zhe)(zhe)使有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)盟友(you)皋陶(tao)(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)位(wei)獲得(de)重(zhong)新提升,遂(sui)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)建(jian)(jian)立(li)起(qi)各(ge)自(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)方(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),皋陶(tao)(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)偃(yan)姓(xing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涂山國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)懷遠(yuan)縣(xian)境,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)建(jian)(jian)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(簡稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”)則(ze)(ze)仍(reng)舊(jiu)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)城(cheng)(郭沫(mo)若主(zhu)編《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)稿地(di)圖(tu)集》)。誠如(ru)《安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)省志(zhi)(zhi)·建(jian)(jian)置(zhi)沿革(ge)志(zhi)(zhi)》所(suo)(suo)解(jie)(jie),“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)源于(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)建(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。”《百(bai)(bai)(bai)家(jia)姓(xing)詳解(jie)(jie)》云(yun):“禹帝時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曾封有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)建(jian)(jian)立(li)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(今(jin)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)境內(nei))。在(zai)(zai)(zai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)、商(shang)、周(zhou)三(san)(san)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)世(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅(mie)掉巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)公族(zu)(zu)(zu)便(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名(ming)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”夏(xia)(xia)(xia)朝建(jian)(jian)立(li)后(hou)(hou),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)從屬(shu)(shu),但(dan)因(yin)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)先(xian)(xian)輩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)殊關(guan)系(xi),故在(zai)(zai)(zai)政(zheng)治(zhi)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)上(shang)(shang)都(dou)(dou)獲得(de)超出一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般小國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)優惠而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相對獨立(li)性(xing),賜(si)伯爵而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)伯”。因(yin)位(wei)處(chu)(chu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)被(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”“南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,簡稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”。“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)處(chu)(chu)宗主(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)王(wang)朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)疆(jiang),故又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)‘南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’。”(《巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)(zhi)》)“‘南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)名(ming),實則(ze)(ze)來源于(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)。‘南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’最(zui)(zui)(zui)初(chu)是(shi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)。《古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)本竹書(shu)(shu)紀(ji)(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)》云(yun):‘夏(xia)(xia)(xia)桀(jie)逃南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。’這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)于(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)岸,以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)卑濕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊地(di)區(qu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)特(te)(te)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)盟部(bu)(bu)(bu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)。……其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)統治(zhi)地(di)域(yu)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)淮南(nan)(nan)(nan)、江(jiang)北(bei)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶。因(yin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)地(di)域(yu)廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da),‘南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)就由(you)最(zui)(zui)(zui)初(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)流(liu)域(yu),擴大(da)(da)(da)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)指(zhi)(zhi)荊楚江(jiang)淮。”(譚繼和(he)(he)(he)(he)《論(lun)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)巴蜀巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)淵源及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)》)值(zhi)得(de)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)桀(jie)被(bei)(bei)成(cheng)(cheng)湯(tang)戰(zhan)敗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)直奔南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)尋求救(jiu)護與(yu)(yu)(yu)避(bi)難(nan)。“湯(tang)伐桀(jie),戰(zhan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng),登自(zi)鳴條,乃(nai)入(ru)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)門。”(《呂氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)》)“成(cheng)(cheng)湯(tang)放桀(jie)于(yu)(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。”(《尚書(shu)(shu)·仲虺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誥》)“(湯(tang))整兵(bing)(bing)鳴條,困夏(xia)(xia)(xia)南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),譙(qiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過(guo)(guo),放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)(li)山。”(《淮南(nan)(nan)(nan)子》)南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)果然(ran)保護、接納并(bing)(bing)(bing)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)置(zhi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)桀(jie)且(qie)與(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)湯(tang)協議,巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)雖為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)屬(shu)(shu),然(ran)分疆(jiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)治(zhi),和(he)(he)(he)(he)平共(gong)(gong)處(chu)(chu)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)商(shang)500年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,商(shang)王(wang)朝除(chu)武丁(ding)曾對虎方(fang)(fang)(今(jin)壽(shou)縣(xian)、長(chang)(chang)豐(feng)縣(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶)用兵(bing)(bing)外,江(jiang)淮地(di)區(qu)幾無(wu)(wu)戰(zhan)事(shi),各(ge)方(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)持續(xu)穩定(ding)地(di)生存(cun)發展(zhan)著。(《安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)省志(zhi)(zhi)·建(jian)(jian)置(zhi)沿革(ge)志(zhi)(zhi)》)周(zhou)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)商(shang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),九州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千(qian)余(yu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)均(jun)先(xian)(xian)后(hou)(hou)歸順過(guo)(guo)去(qu)(qu)。抑或(huo)(huo)由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)六(liu)(liu)、英諸(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo))世(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)素(su)與(yu)(yu)(yu)商(shang)友(you)睦,周(zhou)王(wang)朝介意(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)多次(ci)遣師征討。“周(zhou)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)出土甲(jia)骨有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)‘征巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai),《西(xi)清(qing)(qing)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鑒》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩件青(qing)銅(tong)器(qi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)周(zhou)對巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用兵(bing)(bing)。”(《安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)大(da)(da)(da)辭典》)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)表(biao)示臣(chen)(chen)(chen)服,然(ran)周(zhou)武王(wang)姬(ji)發視巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)大(da)(da)(da)勢強,遂(sui)將(jiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)域(yu)析分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、廬(lu)二國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資(zi)深(shen),繼賜(si)伯爵,稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)伯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,廬(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)賜(si)子爵,稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“廬(lu)子國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”。春(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)始(shi)(shi)終是(shi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)流(liu)域(yu)重(zhong)要(yao)諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)《左傳》,15次(ci)見(jian)(jian)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)肥物(wu)豐(feng),位(wei)處(chu)(chu)“吳(wu)(wu)頭(tou)楚尾”,故長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)楚、吳(wu)(wu)掠奪對象和(he)(he)(he)(he)交兵(bing)(bing)戰(zhan)場,巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)漸(jian)次(ci)衰微(wei),時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)楚屬(shu)(shu),時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吳(wu)(wu)屬(shu)(shu),于(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)518年(nian)(nian)(nian),被(bei)(bei)吳(wu)(wu)滅(mie)亡。
記載
◎《中華大(da)字典》稱(cheng):“巢:國名。《書序》:巢伯來朝。”
◎《巢(chao)(chao)(chao)湖市(shi)志》記:“西周(zhou)加封這(zhe)個夏(xia)、商的遺留方(fang)國(guo)為(wei)伯(bo)爵(jue)。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)伯(bo)在周(zhou)武王時進京朝覲(jin),芮伯(bo)還(huan)為(wei)此作(zuo)了一篇《旅巢(chao)(chao)(chao)命》。西周(zhou)銅器《班(ban)簋》銘文(wen)中有‘秉、繁、蜀、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)’4個國(guo)名(ming),其中的‘巢(chao)(chao)(chao)’字就是巢(chao)(chao)(chao)伯(bo)國(guo)。”
◎公(gong)元前615年(nian),楚國(guo)伐(fa)巢(chao)(chao)國(guo),《春秋·文公(gong)十(shi)二年(nian)》云:“夏,楚人圍巢(chao)(chao)。”杜(du)預(yu)注:“巢(chao)(chao),吳楚間(jian)小國(guo)。廬江六縣東有居(ju)巢(chao)(chao)城。”
◎前584年(nian),《左(zuo)傳》云:“吳始伐楚伐巢”。
◎前518年(nian),吳(wu)國滅巢國,《左傳·昭公二十四年(nian)》云:“吳(wu)人(ren)踵(zhong)楚,而邊人(ren)不備,遂滅巢及鐘離而還。”
按:今巢(chao)(chao)湖市域為古(gu)巢(chao)(chao)國之地(di),本為有巢(chao)(chao)氏(shi)生息地(di)和(he)有巢(chao)(chao)氏(shi)氏(shi)族部落所(suo)轄(xia)地(di)。因(yin)此,這里(li)有關(guan)地(di)域名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱、山水名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱和(he)政(zheng)區名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱都(dou)往往取用“巢(chao)(chao)”字。誠如(ru)《安徽(hui)省志·建置沿革(ge)志》所(suo)說(shuo):“除僑(qiao)置外,凡帶‘巢(chao)(chao)’字的政(zheng)區命名(ming)(ming)(ming)都(dou)與古(gu)巢(chao)(chao)國有關(guan)。因(yin)此,可以說(shuo),巢(chao)(chao)湖及帶‘巢(chao)(chao)’字的政(zheng)區名(ming)(ming)(ming)稱均源于(yu)古(gu)巢(chao)(chao)國。古(gu)巢(chao)(chao)國源于(yu)有巢(chao)(chao)氏(shi)所(suo)建方國。”