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館史簡介

館址利用清代建筑護國寺、忠義詞改建，占地面積3950平方米，建筑面積2975平方米，分為三個陳列室。陳列面積(ji)800平(ping)方(fang)米，展線(xian)長240米，陳列內容為釣魚城(cheng)抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)史為主線(xian)，共(gong)分古戰(zhan)(zhan)史上的(de)(de)(de)(de)奇跡、“典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軍事設施”、“文物與文獻資料”、“歷(li)史人物”、“古今吟詠”五個(ge)部分，展品(pin)數量共(gong)1300余件，其(qi)中(zhong)釣魚城(cheng)出土文物476件、歷(li)代(dai)碑刻17件、標本和(he)文獻547件，輔助展品(pin)如(ru)模型(xing)、照片、圖表(biao)、沙盤以及(ji)烘托主題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繪畫、雕塑(su)等(deng)藝(yi)術作品(pin)有(you)200余件。在陳列形(xing)式上，力求(qiu)內容和(he)形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)統一，藝(yi)術形(xing)象(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮明、生動，以此再現南(nan)宋(song)(song)晚期(qi)宋(song)(song)蒙(元)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史進(jin)程(cheng)，突(tu)出合州釣魚城(cheng)軍民抗(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)36年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)豐功(gong)偉(wei)績。與此同時，陳列還集中(zhong)展示了我國宋(song)(song)代(dai)冷兵器年(nian)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)概況(kuang)，以及(ji)在火器方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)飛躍發(fa)展。館(guan)內現有宋代刀劍、瓷器、錢幣、金(jin)屬(shu)飾器和當今名人書畫(hua)藏品近(jin)千件。

歷史沿革

南(nan)(nan)宋以(yi)(yi)前的(de)釣(diao)(diao)(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是沒有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，自南(nan)(nan)宋末 ，蒙古時時攻宋，殘破(po)巴蜀，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了保有上(shang)游這塊戰略要(yao)地，嘉熙四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)（1240年(nian)(nian)），彭(peng)大(da)(da)(da)雅任四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)安(an)撫制置副使(shi)，駐守(shou)(shou)重慶，派部將(jiang)甘閏主持重慶門(men)戶(hu)合(he)州(zhou)(zhou)防務，在釣(diao)(diao)(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)修筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)寨。淳佑二年(nian)(nian)（1242年(nian)(nian)），余(yu)介任四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)安(an)撫制置使(shi)兼知(zhi)重慶府(fu)事，他針對(dui)蒙古騎(qi)兵機動性強的(de)特點，采(cai)納播(bo)州(zhou)(zhou)（今(jin)(jin)貴州(zhou)(zhou)遵(zun)義）人(ren)冉進、冉璞兄弟的(de)建議，“守(shou)(shou)蜀之(zhi)計(ji)在于守(shou)(shou)合(he)州(zhou)(zhou)，守(shou)(shou)合(he)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)計(ji)在于守(shou)(shou)釣(diao)(diao)(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。充分(fen)發(fa)揮四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)深谷，激流險灘的(de)優勢(shi)，依(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)壘，修筑釣(diao)(diao)(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、天生、云(yun)頂等十余(yu)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，將(jiang)有關(guan)府(fu)、州(zhou)(zhou)、縣治遷徙(xi)其(qi)上(shang)。最重要(yao)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共有八座，號(hao)稱(cheng)“八柱(zhu)”，大(da)(da)(da)小山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)星羅棋布，形(xing)成了以(yi)(yi)釣(diao)(diao)(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中心(xin)的(de)全(quan)川(chuan)(chuan)防御(yu)體系。淳佑三年(nian)(nian)（1243年(nian)(nian)），釣(diao)(diao)(diao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)式修浚(jun)，寶佑六年(nian)(nian)（1258年(nian)(nian)），大(da)(da)(da)汗(han)蒙哥分(fen)三路南(nan)(nan)下，欲(yu)一(yi)戰滅(mie)宋，以(yi)(yi)忽必(bi)烈攻襄陽、潭州(zhou)(zhou)，以(yi)(yi)另一(yi)支軍(jun)(jun)攻淮南(nan)(nan)。蒙哥自率軍(jun)(jun)4萬，號(hao)稱(cheng)10萬，由隴(long)州(zhou)(zhou)（近(jin)陜(shan)西千(qian)陽）入大(da)(da)(da)散關(guan)，一(yi)路南(nan)(nan)下，勢(shi)如(ru)破(po)竹。蒙軍(jun)(jun)從(cong)利州(zhou)(zhou)（今(jin)(jin)四(si)(si)川(chuan)(chuan)廣(guang)元），僅僅10個月，攻陷成都(dou)以(yi)(yi)及川(chuan)(chuan)西北全(quan)部府(fu)州(zhou)(zhou)。開(kai)慶元年(nian)(nian)（1259年(nian)(nian)）二月初二，蒙哥汗(han)親(qin)督全(quan)軍(jun)(jun)攻城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，一(yi)直到(dao)是年(nian)(nian)夏七月，竟(jing)然不(bu)能入魚(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)步。蒙軍(jun)(jun)大(da)(da)(da)將(jiang)汪(wang)德臣反而戰死(si)，蒙哥痛心(xin)憤(fen)怒之(zhi)余(yu)，命(ming)人(ren)在新東(dong)門(men)對(dui)峙(zhi)的(de)腦頂坪筑臺樓以(yi)(yi)觀虛(xu)實，被當(dang)時城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中主將(jiang)王堅(jian)發(fa)現炮(pao)擊，大(da)(da)(da)汗(han)竟(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)炮(pao)風(feng)所中。王堅(jian)又命(ming)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)鮮魚(yu)(yu)(yu)面餅(bing)投擲城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下，并致書(shu)蒙哥“爾北兵可(ke)烹鮮食餅(bing)，再守(shou)(shou)十年(nian)(nian)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亦不(bu)可(ke)得(de)也(ye)。”蒙哥得(de)書(shu)后，傷痛迸發(fa)，憤(fen)激道：“我(wo)之(zhi)嬰(ying)疾，為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)，不(bu)諱之(zhi)后，若克此(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，當(dang)盡屠之(zhi)。” 隨(sui)后死(si)于軍(jun)(jun)中，當(dang)他殞亡(wang)消息傳到(dao)歐洲，歐洲人(ren)奔(ben)走相(xiang)告：“上(shang)帝之(zhi)鞭折斷了！”（周(zhou)一(yi)良、吳于廑《世界通(tong)史》第三冊）此(ci)(ci)戰也(ye)使(shi)南(nan)(nan)宋延緩了10余(yu)年(nian)(nian)的(de)生命(ming)。

釣魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)元代(dai)被(bei)毀，今天只(zhi)能(neng)從它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺址想見當日情景(jing)了。釣魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)（包括南、北兩道(dao)一(yi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)），總長約8公里，它(ta)沿著(zhu)陡峭的(de)(de)(de)(de)山巖，用巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)條石(shi)(shi)壘砌而成(cheng)，許多地段建在(zai)懸崖峭壁之上(shang)，易守難(nan)攻。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)頂部，是石(shi)(shi)頭砌成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)跑(pao)馬道(dao)，寬(kuan)3.2米，可以(yi)同(tong)時通過三匹(pi)馬或五(wu)位戰(zhan)士。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)之上(shang)，有(you)高約2米的(de)(de)(de)(de)雉堞(die)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)還(huan)有(you)不(bu)少(shao)墩臺(tai)和炮臺(tai)，墩臺(tai)用來放哨(shao)巡邏(luo)，長2米，寬(kuan)0.5米。炮臺(tai)用來發射(she)滾木擂石(shi)(shi)和火藥武(wu)器(qi)，寬(kuan)達(da)2.8米。除主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)(wai)，在(zai)釣魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東部和南部，還(huan)采取(qu)了內外(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)建，以(yi)兩道(dao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)構(gou)(gou)成(cheng)了雙層防線。除主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)(wai)，釣魚(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)還(huan)修筑了兩道(dao)一(yi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，從主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)延伸(shen)到山腳(jiao)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嘉陵江岸邊。北一(yi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從出奇門(men)往北伸(shen)入江，已經湮(yin)滅為(wei)良(liang)田。南一(yi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)從飛檐洞經小東門(men)延伸(shen)。兩道(dao)一(yi)字(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和主城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)聯成(cheng)一(yi)體，將魚(yu)山分為(wei)東、西兩半，高峻的(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)曾使蒙古丞相史(shi)天澤仰望高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)哀(ai)嘆：“云梯(ti)不(bu)可接，炮失不(bu)可至。”

釣魚(yu)城門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)有八座(zuo)，分為：護(hu)國門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、始關門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、小東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、新東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、青(qing)華門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、出奇門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、奇勝門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、鎮西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。護(hu)國門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)最大的(de)一座(zuo)，兩面都是(shi)(shi)懸崖峭(qiao)壁，當(dang)年(nian)魚(yu)城軍民在這里是(shi)(shi)以棧道(dao)出入，因此相當(dang)難攻。現已成為重要景點之一。新東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)就是(shi)(shi)炮(pao)打蒙哥的(de)地方，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)保存(cun)最完整的(de)城門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)。鎮西(xi)(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)則是(shi)(shi)擊斃汪德臣之地。