任人唯賢(rèn rén wéi xián)是一(yi)個成(cheng)語(yu),最早(zao)出(chu)自于(yu)戰國《尚書(shu)·咸有一(yi)德》。
任人唯賢指任用官員只以德(de)才優秀(xiu)作為標(biao)準,含褒義;在句中一般作謂語、定(ding)語、賓語、分句。
戰(zhan)國(guo)《尚(shang)書·咸(xian)有(you)一德》:“任官惟(wei)(wei)賢(xian)才,左右惟(wei)(wei)其人(ren)。”
后世據此(ci)典故引(yin)申出成語“任人唯賢(xian)”。
春秋時期,齊(qi)國(guo)的(de)(de)國(guo)君襄公殘(can)暴荒唐,連他的(de)(de)兩個(ge)(ge)兄弟(di)(di)都逃到(dao)別國(guo)去了。這兩個(ge)(ge)兄弟(di)(di)是(shi)兩個(ge)(ge)母親生的(de)(de)。一個(ge)(ge)叫(jiao)公子(zi)糾(jiu),逃到(dao)了魯國(guo)。一個(ge)(ge)叫(jiao)公子(zi)小(xiao)白,逃到(dao)了莒國(guo)。公子(zi)糾(jiu)的(de)(de)師傅是(shi)管仲,公子(zi)小(xiao)白的(de)(de)師傅是(shi)鮑叔牙。
后來,齊襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)被人殺死了(le)。第二年春天,齊國(guo)(guo)的(de)大臣派(pai)使(shi)者(zhe)迎(ying)接公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾(jiu)回(hui)去(qu)做國(guo)(guo)君。魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)的(de)國(guo)(guo)君魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)親自派(pai)兵護送(song)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾(jiu)的(de)師傅管(guan)仲怕逃亡在莒國(guo)(guo)的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)因為離齊國(guo)(guo)近(jin)搶先(xian)回(hui)國(guo)(guo)奪到君位,所以經莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同意(yi),先(xian)帶領一支(zhi)人馬去(qu)攔住公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)。走到即墨,聽人說(shuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)已經跑在頭里(li)了(le)。管(guan)仲使(shi)勁地追,追了(le)三(san)十多(duo)里(li)路才追上。管(guan)仲瞧見公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)坐(zuo)在車里(li),也(ye)不多(duo)說(shuo),偷偷地拿起弓箭(jian),對(dui)準了(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai),“嗖”的(de)一箭(jian)射過去(qu)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)大叫一聲(sheng),口吐鮮血,倒在車子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)里(li)。管(guan)仲一看,以為小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)死了(le),他想公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾(jiu)的(de)君位必定穩坐(zuo)了(le),便不慌(huang)不忙地回(hui)魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)去(qu)護送(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾(jiu)到齊國(guo)(guo)去(qu)。
誰知(zhi)道公子小白(bai)并(bing)沒(mei)有死,只是咬(yao)破舌頭,弄得滿口鮮血裝(zhuang)死罷了(le)。鮑(bao)叔牙護(hu)著(zhu)小白(bai)抄小道趕(gan)到都城臨淄。鮑(bao)叔牙硬是說服(fu)了(le)大臣們,立公子小白(bai)為國君,也就是齊桓公。
不(bu)久,魯國的(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)馬送公(gong)子糾(jiu)回到了齊(qi)(qi)國地(di)界。齊(qi)(qi)國的(de)(de)(de)鮑叔牙(ya)立即(ji)請(qing)齊(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)發兵(bing)抵抗,于是(shi)齊(qi)(qi)魯之間發生戰爭(zheng)。魯軍大敗(bai),只(zhi)得答應(ying)齊(qi)(qi)國的(de)(de)(de)條件,將(jiang)公(gong)子糾(jiu)逼死(si),又把管仲抓起來。齊(qi)(qi)國的(de)(de)(de)使者表示,管仲射過他們的(de)(de)(de)國君,國君要(yao)報一箭之仇,非親手殺了他不(bu)可,所以一定(ding)要(yao)將(jiang)他押(ya)到齊(qi)(qi)國去(qu)。魯莊公(gong)只(zhi)好(hao)把管仲裝上囚(qiu)車,押(ya)回齊(qi)(qi)國。
管仲被捆綁著,從魯國押往齊國。一路(lu)上,他(ta)又饑又渴,吃(chi)了(le)許多(duo)苦(ku)頭。來(lai)到綺烏這個地方時,他(ta)去見那里守(shou)衛邊界的官員(yuan),請求給(gei)點飯(fan)(fan)吃(chi)。不料,那守(shou)邊界的官員(yuan)竟跪(gui)在地上,端飯(fan)(fan)給(gei)管仲吃(chi),神情十分恭敬。等管仲吃(chi)好飯(fan)(fan),他(ta)私下間道(dao):“如果(guo)您(nin)(nin)到齊國后,僥幸(xing)沒(mei)有(you)(you)被殺而得(de)到任用(yong),您(nin)(nin)將怎(zen)樣報答(da)我?”管仲回(hui)答(da)道(dao):“要(yao)是照你所說的那樣,我得(de)到任用(yong),我將要(yao)任用(yong)賢(xian)人(ren)(ren),使(shi)用(yong)能(neng)人(ren)(ren),評賞有(you)(you)功的人(ren)(ren),我能(neng)拿什么報答(da)您(nin)(nin)呢(ni)?”
等(deng)到(dao)管仲(zhong)一(yi)回到(dao)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo),鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙就(jiu)親自(zi)到(dao)城(cheng)外迎接。接著,鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙大力把管仲(zhong)保舉給齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)說:“他(ta)拿(na)箭射(she)我,要我的(de)命,你還叫我用他(ta)嗎?”鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙說:“那(nei)會兒他(ta)是公(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾的(de)師傅,管仲(zhong)自(zi)然冒死幫(bang)著公(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾了(le)。管仲(zhong)的(de)本(ben)領比我強十倍。主(zhu)公(gong)要是用他(ta),他(ta)準能給您立(li)大功。”齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)聽了(le)鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙的(de)話,立(li)即(ji)拜管仲(zhong)為(wei)相國(guo)(guo)。鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙反倒做了(le)管仲(zhong)的(de)副(fu)手(shou)。管仲(zhong)當相國(guo)(guo)以后(hou),發揮他(ta)的(de)政治(zhi)才能,大力實行(xing)改革,使齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)國(guo)(guo)力迅(xun)速增強。七(qi)年后(hou),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)就(jiu)稱霸四方,不(bu)久,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓(huan)公(gong)就(jiu)成了(le)春秋第一(yi)霸。
無論是創業還是守業,都離不(bu)開人才(cai)。雖(sui)說匯聚人才(cai)需要(yao)海(hai)納百川(chuan)的(de)精神,但水(shui)多容易泛濫,人才(cai)競爭過于激(ji)烈,容易出現魚目(mu)混珠(zhu)、良(liang)莠不(bu)齊的(de)情況。因此(ci),執(zhi)政(zheng)者(zhe)必(bi)須(xu)善(shan)于發現人才(cai),舉薦人才(cai),團結人才(cai),使用(yong)(yong)人才(cai),才(cai)能(neng)推動事業不(bu)斷向前發展。而最重要(yao)的(de)用(yong)(yong)人原則,那就是任人唯賢。要(yao)求(qiu)執(zhi)政(zheng)者(zhe)在選拔(ba)人才(cai)時,不(bu)要(yao)考慮人才(cai)的(de)身份、背景(jing)以(yi)及(ji)與(yu)自己的(de)關(guan)系,敢用(yong)(yong)有缺點的(de)人才(cai),并能(neng)做到用(yong)(yong)人不(bu)疑,疑人不(bu)用(yong)(yong)。正(zheng)因為(wei)有這(zhe)樣的(de)用(yong)(yong)人原則,西漢(han)劉敬、三國(guo)諸葛(ge)亮(liang)等(deng)賢能(neng)之士(shi)才(cai)能(neng)夠“朝為(wei)田舍郎,暮登(deng)天子堂”。
“任人唯賢”指任用官(guan)員只以德才優秀作為標準。
含褒義;在句中一般作謂語、定語、賓語、分(fen)句。
毛澤東《中國共產黨在民族戰爭(zheng)中的(de)地位》:“有(you)獨立的(de)工作能力,積極肯干(gan),不謀私(si)利為標準,這就(jiu)是任人唯賢的(de)路(lu)線。”
作家·凌(ling)力(li)《星星草》:“文(wen)狀元(yuan)、武狀元(yuan)、農狀元(yuan)、工狀元(yuan)、醫狀元(yuan),都要選,以才取(qu)人,任人唯賢(xian)。那時天國人才濟濟,英杰歸真,咱們(men)可就(jiu)更該興旺羅!”
任(ren)人唯賢(xian)—知人善用
“任(ren)人(ren)唯(wei)賢”和“知(zhi)人(ren)善(shan)任(ren)”兩者都含有“善(shan)于使用人(ren)”的意思。但“任(ren)人(ren)唯(wei)賢”是指(zhi)一種用人(ren)原(yuan)則或態度(du),“知(zhi)人(ren)善(shan)任(ren)”則多指(zhi)方法或技巧。