我(wo)們選擇登(deng)月(yue)(yue) (We Choose to Go to the Moon,又譯(yi)《我(wo)們決定登(deng)月(yue)(yue)》)是美國前總(zong)(zong)統約(yue)翰(han)·費茨杰拉德·肯(ken)尼迪(John Fitzgerald Kennedy)于1962年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)12日在(zai)賴斯大學的一(yi)篇關于航(hang)天(tian)事業的演(yan)講(jiang)。之后(hou),這(zhe)篇演(yan)講(jiang)被視為阿波羅登(deng)月(yue)(yue)計(ji)(ji)劃奠基的第一(yi)鏟土。肯(ken)尼迪本人于1963年(nian)遇刺身亡,登(deng)月(yue)(yue)計(ji)(ji)劃由(you)林登(deng)·約(yue)翰(han)遜總(zong)(zong)統與尼克松總(zong)(zong)統接管(guan)。經過(guo)不懈努力,終于在(zai)1969年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)成(cheng)功(gong)將人類送上了月(yue)(yue)球。
We Choose to Go to the Moon
我們決定登月
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
約(yue)翰·費茨(ci)杰拉德·肯尼迪
September 12, 1962
1962年9月(yue)12日
Rice Stadium
賴(lai)斯(大學(xue)的)體育場
President Pitzer, Mr.Vice President, Governor, Congressman Thomas, Senator Wiley, and Congressman Miller, Mr. Webb, Mr. Bell, scientists, distinguished guests, and ladies and gentlemen:
皮(pi)茨(ci)校長(chang),副(fu)總統,州長(chang),眾(zhong)議(yi)員托馬斯,參議(yi)員維利,眾(zhong)議(yi)員米勒,韋伯先(xian)生(sheng),比(bi)爾先(xian)生(sheng),科學(xue)家們,尊(zun)敬的來賓,女(nv)士們先(xian)生(sheng)們:
I appreciate your president having made me an honorary visiting professor, and I will assure you that my first lecture will be very brief.
我(wo)十分感激你們的校長(chang)授予(yu)我(wo)名譽客座教授的頭銜,并(bing)且我(wo)向各(ge)位保證我(wo)的第(di)一個演講會十分簡潔。
I am delighted to be here and I'm particularly delighted to be here on this occasion.
我很高興來到(dao)這里,特(te)別(bie)是在(zai)這個時候來到(dao)這里。
We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a state noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge, in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance.
我(wo)(wo)們在這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)以知(zhi)識聞(wen)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)大學,在這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)以進步聞(wen)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)城市,在這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)以實力聞(wen)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)州府相會。并且(qie)我(wo)(wo)們需要它(ta)們全部三(san)者(zhe),因為我(wo)(wo)們正處于(yu)一個(ge)(ge)(ge)變化(hua)與(yu)(yu)(yu)挑戰的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)刻,希望與(yu)(yu)(yu)恐懼交織的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)年,知(zhi)識與(yu)(yu)(yu)愚(yu)昧并存的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)代。
The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds.
我們(men)獲(huo)取(qu)的知(zhi)(zhi)識越(yue)多,我們(men)顯露(lu)出的無知(zhi)(zhi)也就越(yue)多。
Despite the striking fact that most of the scientists that the world has ever known are alive and working today, despite the fact that this Nation's own scientific manpower is doubling every 12 years in a rate of growth more than three times that of our population as a whole, despite that, the vast stretches of the unknown and the unanswered and the unfinished still far outstrip our collective comprehension.
盡(jin)管顯(xian)著的(de)事(shi)實表明:享譽世界的(de)科學家們仍在艱(jian)苦工作,盡(jin)管我國的(de)科研力(li)量以每12年翻(fan)一倍的(de)速度增(zeng)長、總體(ti)超過(guo)了(le)人(ren)口(kou)增(zeng)長速度的(de)三倍。盡(jin)管如此,宇宙(zhou)中未(wei)知之域、未(wei)解之謎和未(wei)竟之事(shi)的(de)范圍之廣(guang),仍然遠遠超出了(le)我們所有人(ren)的(de)理(li)解能(neng)力(li)。
No man can fully grasp how far and how fast we have come, but condense, if you will, the 50,000 years of man's recorded history in a time span of but a half-century.
沒人能(neng)夠斷言我(wo)們能(neng)走(zou)多(duo)(duo)遠,能(neng)走(zou)多(duo)(duo)快。但如果你愿(yuan)意(yi),將(jiang)5萬年的(de)人類(lei)歷(li)史濃縮為(wei)短短的(de)半個世紀。
Stated in these terms, we know very little about the first 40 years, except at the end of them advanced man had learned to use the skins of animals to cover them.
在這個時間跨(kua)度(du)下(xia),我們(men)對于開(kai)始的40年知之甚少(shao),除了(le)在最后階段我們(men)學(xue)會了(le)用(yong)獸(shou)皮遮體。
Then about 10 years ago, under this standard, man emerged from his caves to construct other kinds of shelter.
接下來,在(zai)此標準(zhun)之下,10年(nian)前,人類走出洞穴,開始建造新的家園。
Only five years ago man learned to write and use a cart with wheels.
五年前人類才學會了寫字和使用有輪子的車輛。
Christianity began less than two years ago.
基督教產生(sheng)于不到兩年前。
The printing press came this year, and then less than two months ago, during this whole 50-year span of human history, the steam engine provided a new source of power.
印刷出版今年才(cai)出現(xian)。在(zai)人類歷史(shi)的(de)(de)50年間,在(zai)不到兩個月前,蒸汽(qi)機為我們提供了新的(de)(de)動力。
Newton explored the meaning of gravity.
牛(niu)頓(dun)發現了(le)引力的意義。
Last month electric lights and telephones and automobiles and airplanes became available.
上(shang)個(ge)月,電(dian)(dian)燈,電(dian)(dian)話,汽(qi)車和飛機成為了現實。
Only last week did we develop penicillin and television and nuclear power, and now if America's new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will literally reached the stars before midnight tonight.
僅僅上(shang)周我(wo)們才發明了盤尼(ni)西林(即青霉素,譯者注),電(dian)視與核能。如果現在美國最新的飛船能夠(gou)成功抵達金星,那(nei)么我(wo)們才真(zhen)正(zheng)算得(de)上(shang)在今天午夜抵達其他星球(qiu)了。
This is a breathtaking pace, and such a pace cannot help but create new ills as it dispels old, new ignorance, new problems, new dangers.
這(zhe)是激動人心的一(yi)步,但邁出(chu)的這(zhe)一(yi)步在驅散舊邪(xie)惡的同時,也(ye)會派(pai)生(sheng)出(chu)新邪(xie)惡,新無知(zhi)、新問(wen)題和新危險。
Surely the opening vistas of space promise high costs and hardships, as well as high reward.
太空所展現的遠景固然(ran)會得到巨(ju)(ju)大的回報(bao),但同時也會伴隨著(zhu)巨(ju)(ju)大的困(kun)難與高昂的代價。
So it is not surprising that some would have us stay where we are a little longer to rest, to wait.
所以并不意外,有時我們會(hui)在裹足不前(qian),焦急等(deng)待(dai)。
But this city of Houston, this state of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them.
但休斯敦市,德(de)克薩(sa)斯州與美利堅合眾國不(bu)是(shi)由那些止步不(bu)前,安于現狀,甘愿落后的(de)(de)人建立(li)的(de)(de)。
This country was conquered by those who moved forward--and so will space.
這個國家是(shi)由那些不斷前(qian)進的人所征服(fu)的,太空也是(shi)如此。
William Bradford, speaking in 1630 of the founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony, said that all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage.
威(wei)廉(lian)·布拉德福德,曾在(zai)1630年的(de)普(pu)利(li)茅斯港殖民(min)地的(de)建立儀式上說,所有(you)偉大而光榮的(de)行(xing)動都(dou)伴隨著巨大的(de)困難,而完(wan)成這些行(xing)動必(bi)須(xu)具(ju)備不(bu)斷進取(qu)的(de)精神和與之(zhi)相當(dang)的(de)勇氣。
If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred.
如(ru)果說這段簡短而充滿(man)進(jin)步(bu)的(de)歷史能給我們什么樣的(de)教訓,那就是,人類在(zai)探(tan)求(qiu)知識和(he)進(jin)步(bu)的(de)過程中是堅(jian)定不(bu)移,并無可阻擋(dang)的(de)。
The exploration of space will go ahead, whether we join in it or not, and it is one of the great adventures of all time, and no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space.
無論我們參加(jia)與否,太空(kong)探索終將繼(ji)續。無論何(he)時(shi)它(ta)都是(shi)一場(chang)偉大的冒(mao)險,沒有任(ren)何(he)一個期望領先(xian)世界(jie)的國家想(xiang)在這場(chang)太空(kong)競(jing)賽中(zhong)止步。
Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolution, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space.
我(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)先輩使這(zhe)個國家(jia)掀起(qi)了工業革命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一波(bo)浪潮,掀起(qi)了現代發明的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一波(bo)浪潮,掀起(qi)了核(he)能(neng)技術的(de)(de)(de)第(di)一波(bo)浪潮。而我(wo)們(men)這(zhe)一代絕不(bu)會甘愿在即將(jiang)到來的(de)(de)(de)太空時代的(de)(de)(de)浪潮中倒下(xia)。
We mean to be a part of it--we mean to lead it.
我們要(yao)(yao)加入其中――我們要(yao)(yao)領(ling)先世界(jie)。
For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace.
為了(le)如今仰望太空(kong),注視(shi)月(yue)球和(he)遙看(kan)繁星的人(ren)們,我們發誓,我們決不(bu)允(yun)許太空(kong)被那些(xie)敵對國(guo)家(jia)(原文為旗幟(zhi),譯者注)所征服,我們會看(kan)到自由與(yu)和(he)平的旗幟(zhi)在飄揚(yang)。
We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding.
我們(men)發誓我們(men)不會看(kan)到太空遍(bian)布大規(gui)模(mo)殺傷性(xing)武器,而(er)是充滿了獲取知識(shi)的工具。
Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first.
這(zhe)個承(cheng)諾只(zhi)有在(zai)我國領先(xian)的情(qing)況(kuang)下才能(neng)履行。因(yin)此,我們(men)即將付(fu)諸行動。
In short, our leadership in science and industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others, all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, to solve them for the good of all men, and to become the world's leading space-faring nation.
簡而言之,我(wo)們(men)在科(ke)學和(he)工業(ye)上的領導地位,我(wo)們(men)對(dui)(dui)于和(he)平與安(an)全(quan)的渴(ke)望,我(wo)們(men)對(dui)(dui)于自身和(he)他人的責任,它們(men)要(yao)求(qiu)我(wo)們(men)做出努力(li),為了全(quan)人類(lei)的利(li)益而努力(li)解(jie)開(kai)這些謎(mi)團,成為世界領先的航天國家。
We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people.
為(wei)(wei)了(le)獲取新(xin)(xin)知識(shi),贏得(de)新(xin)(xin)權利(li),我(wo)們在這全新(xin)(xin)的(de)領域(yu)內揚帆起(qi)航。我(wo)們必須獲取并運用權利(li)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)全人類的(de)進步,我(wo)們踏上(shang)新(xin)(xin)的(de)航程。
For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own.
空間科(ke)(ke)學(xue),正如核科(ke)(ke)學(xue)以及其他(ta)一(yi)切科(ke)(ke)技,本身并無道德可(ke)言(yan)。
Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of preeminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war.
它的(de)善(shan)惡完全取決(jue)于人類。并且只有當美(mei)利堅合眾(zhong)國(guo)獲得一個(ge)卓越的(de)地(di)位之時(shi),才(cai)能(neng)幫(bang)助(zhu)決(jue)定這片新的(de)領域最終成為和平的(de)海洋還是變成另一個(ge)恐怖的(de)戰爭悲(bei)劇。
I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours.
我(wo)不認為我(wo)們(men)應(ying)該或(huo)者必(bi)須對(dui)敵人(ren)濫(lan)用太空比對(dui)敵人(ren)濫(lan)用陸地和(he)海洋更加(jia)無動(dong)于(yu)衷。但(dan)是我(wo)確實要(yao)說,太空能夠避免在被戰火吞噬的情況(kuang)下,在不重(zhong)蹈戰爭覆(fu)轍的情況(kuang)下開(kai)發和(he)利用。
There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet.
在太空(kong)還沒有競爭,偏見和國家沖突。
Its hazards are hostile to us all.
我(wo)們所有人都要面(mian)對太空(kong)的危險。
Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again.
太(tai)空(kong)值(zhi)得(de)全人(ren)類(lei)盡(jin)最大(da)的力量征服,而且和平合作的機會可(ke)能永遠不會重來(lai)。
But why, some say, the moon?
但有人問,為什么選擇登(deng)月?
Why choose this as our goal?
為什么(me)選擇登月(yue)作(zuo)為我(wo)們的目標?
And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain?
那他們(men)(men)也許會問為什么我們(men)(men)要(yao)登上最高的山峰(feng)?
Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic?
為(wei)什(shen)么(me),要在(zai)35年前,飛越(yue)大(da)西洋?
Why does Rice play Texas?
為什么賴斯大(da)學要與德克薩斯大(da)學競賽?
We choose to go to the moon.
我們決定登月。
We choose to go to the moon.
我們決定登月。
We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too.
我(wo)們(men)(men)決定在這(zhe)(zhe)十年間登上(shang)月球并(bing)實現(xian)更(geng)多(duo)夢想,并(bing)非它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)輕(qing)而易(yi)舉,而正(zheng)是(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)它(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)困難重(zhong)重(zhong)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)個目標將促進我(wo)們(men)(men)實現(xian)最佳的(de)組(zu)織并(bing)測試我(wo)們(men)(men)頂尖的(de)技(ji)術和(he)力量(liang),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)個挑(tiao)戰我(wo)們(men)(men)樂于接(jie)受,因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)個挑(tiao)戰我(wo)們(men)(men)不愿推遲,因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)個挑(tiao)戰我(wo)們(men)(men)志(zhi)在必得(de),其他的(de)挑(tiao)戰也是(shi)如此(ci)。
It is for these reasons that I regard the decision last year to shift our efforts in space from low to high gear as among the most important decisions that will be made during my incumbency in the office of the Presidency.
正是因為這些理由,我決定(ding)將去年關于提升航天計(ji)劃的決定(ding)作為我在本屆總統任期內最重(zhong)要的決定(ding)之一。
In the last 24 hours we have seen facilities now being created for the greatest and most complex exploration in man's history.
在過去(qu)的24小時(shi)里我們看到(dao)一些(xie)設施已經為人(ren)類歷史上(shang)最偉大而復雜的探險而建(jian)立起來。
We have felt the ground shake and the air shattered by the testing of a Saturn C-1 booster rocket, many times as powerful as the Atlas which launched John Glenn, generating power equivalent to 10,000 automobiles with their accelerators on the floor.
我們感受到了土星C-1火箭試驗(yan)產(chan)生的(de)震動和沖(chong)擊,它比(bi)把約翰·格(ge)倫送入太空的(de)擎(qing)天神(shen)火箭還要(yao)強大好幾倍(bei),可以產(chan)生相當于1萬輛汽車(che)的(de)功率。
We have seen the site where five F-1 rocket engines, each one as powerful as all eight engines of the Saturn combined, will be clustered together to make the advanced Saturn missile, assembled in a new building to be built at Cape Canaveral as tall as a 48-storey structure, as wide as a city block, and as long as two lengths of this field.
我(wo)們看(kan)到(dao)了5個(ge)(ge)F-1火箭引(yin)(yin)擎,每(mei)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)都相當于8個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)星火箭引(yin)(yin)擎的(de)(de)功(gong)率,它們將會用于建造更先進的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)星火箭,在卡納維拉(la)爾角即將興建的(de)(de)48層大樓中(zhong)組裝(zhuang)起(qi)來。這幢建筑寬一(yi)個(ge)(ge)街區,長度(du)超(chao)過我(wo)們現在所在的(de)(de)這個(ge)(ge)體育場(chang)的(de)(de)兩倍。
Within these last 19 months at least 45 satellites have circled the earth. Some 40 of them were made in the United States of America and they were far more sophisticated and supplied far more knowledge to the people of the world than those of the Soviet Union.
在過去的(de)(de)19個月(yue)里至少有45顆衛(wei)(wei)星進入地球(qiu)軌道,其中大(da)約40顆標著“美利堅合眾國制造”的(de)(de)標記,它們比蘇聯的(de)(de)衛(wei)(wei)星更(geng)加精密,能為(wei)世界人民提供(gong)更(geng)多的(de)(de)知識。
The Mariner spacecraft now on its way to Venus is the most intricate instrument in the history of space science.
正(zheng)在飛向金星的(de)水手號飛船(chuan)是空(kong)間科學(xue)史上(shang)最復雜(za)的(de)裝置。
The accuracy of that shot is comparable to firing a missile from Cape Canaveral and dropping it in this stadium between the 40-yard lines.
其精確程度比得(de)上在卡納維拉爾角發射(she)的(de)一枚導彈直接擊中(zhong)這個體育場(chang)的(de)40碼線之間。
Transit satellites are helping our ships at sea to steer a safer course.
海事衛星將使海上的船只(zhi)航行(xing)更加安全。
Tiros satellites have given us unprecedented warnings of hurricanes and storms, and will do the same for forest fires and icebergs.
氣象衛星可(ke)以(yi)提前帶給我們颶(ju)風與風暴預(yu)警,它同樣也(ye)可(ke)以(yi)用于(yu)森林火災與冰(bing)山(shan)預(yu)警。
We have had our failures, but so have others, even if they do not admit them.
我們經歷過失敗,但是別人也經歷過,即便他們不會承認。
And they may be less public.
因此它們可能并不為(wei)人所知。
To be sure, we are behind, and will be behind for some time in manned flight.
顯然(ran),我們正落(luo)后于人(ren)(ren),并(bing)且在載人(ren)(ren)航天方面還將繼續(xu)落(luo)后一(yi)段時間(jian)。
But we do not intend to stay behind, and in this decade, we shall make up and move ahead.
但是我(wo)們絕不會處于下風,在這(zhe)十年間,我(wo)們將會迎頭趕上。
The growth of our science and education will be enriched by new knowledge of our universe and environment, by new techniques of learning and mapping and observation, by new tools and computers for industry, medicine, the home as well as the school.
我(wo)們在科學(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)教育獲得的(de)(de)進(jin)展將(jiang)豐富我(wo)們關于宇宙(zhou)與(yu)環境的(de)(de)新知識,新經驗,繪圖與(yu)觀測技術,用(yong)于工(gong)業,醫學(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)家庭的(de)(de)新工(gong)具和(he)(he)計算機,所(suo)有(you)的(de)(de)一切(qie)都將(jiang)促進(jin)科學(xue)(xue)和(he)(he)教育的(de)(de)發展。
Technical institutions, such as Rice, will reap the harvest of these gains.
像賴斯大學(xue)這樣的技(ji)術院校(xiao)將會因此受益。
And finally, the space effort itself, while still in its infancy, has already created a great number of new companies, and tens of thousands of new jobs.
最(zui)終,盡管(guan)航天事業本身(shen)仍然處于童年,它已經催生了許多公(gong)司和數以千計的新興工(gong)作(zuo)。
Space and related industries are generating new demands in investment and skilled personnel, and this city and this state, and this region, will share greatly in this growth.
航天與(yu)其他相關工業對投資(zi)和特(te)殊技術(shu)人(ren)員產生了(le)新(xin)的需求。并且(qie)這個城(cheng)市(shi),這個州和這個地區將會極大地受益于(yu)這種增長。
What was once the furthest outpost on the old frontier of the West will be the furthest outpost on the new frontier of science and space.
西部的(de)舊邊(bian)界將會成為空間(jian)科學的(de)新邊(bian)界。
Houston, your city of Houston, with its Manned Spacecraft Center, will become the heart of a large scientific and engineering community.
休斯敦,你們的(de)休斯敦市,以及它(ta)的(de)載(zai)人航天中心,將(jiang)會(hui)成為一個(ge)巨大的(de)科學與(yu)工程共同(tong)體的(de)命脈。
During the next 5 years the National Aeronautics and Space Administration expects to double the number of scientists and engineers in this area, to increase its outlays for salaries and expenses to $60 million a year; to invest some $200 million in plant and laboratory facilities; and to direct or contract for new space efforts over $1 billion from this center in this city.
接(jie)下(xia)來(lai)5年,國家(jia)航(hang)空航(hang)天(tian)局(ju)希(xi)望這里的(de)科學(xue)家(jia)和工(gong)程(cheng)師數量翻倍,希(xi)望將(jiang)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)和開支(zhi)提高到每年6千萬美元(yuan),希(xi)望在工(gong)廠(chang)和實驗設施(shi)上得(de)到2億美元(yuan)的(de)投資(zi)(zi),希(xi)望指(zhi)導或與這個城(cheng)市的(de)航(hang)天(tian)中心簽訂超過10億美元(yuan)的(de)合同。
To be sure, all this costs us all a good deal of money.
顯而易見,這(zhe)些會花(hua)掉我們一(yi)大筆錢。
This year's space budget is three times what it was in January 1961, and it is greater than the space budget of the previous eight years combined.
今(jin)年(nian)的(de)航天預(yu)算是1961年(nian)元月的(de)三倍(bei),比(bi)過去八年(nian)的(de)總(zong)和還要(yao)多。
That budget now stands at $5,400 million a year--a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year.
預算現(xian)在(zai)保持(chi)在(zai)每年54億(yi)美元――一個(ge)令人震驚的數目,盡管還稍小于我們在(zai)香煙和雪茄上(shang)所消(xiao)耗的年消(xiao)費額。
Space expenditures will soon rise some more, from 40 cents per person per week to more than 50 cents a week for every man, woman and child in the United States, for we have given this program a high national priority--even though I realize that this is in some measure an act of faith and vision, for we do not now know what benefits await us.
航(hang)天支出很快就會從全國人(ren)均(jun)每周40美(mei)分上升到每周50美(mei)分,因為我們賦予了這(zhe)個計劃極高(gao)的(de)國家優先權――即使我認(ren)識到,目前這(zhe)個目標從某(mou)種(zhong)程度上來說(shuo)還停留在信(xin)念與夢(meng)想(xiang)中,因為我們無(wu)從知曉(xiao)人(ren)們將會從中獲得怎樣的(de)收(shou)益。
But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the moon, 240,000 miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall, the length of this football field, made of new metal alloys, some of which have not yet been invented, capable of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced, fitted together with a precision better than the finest watch, carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, control, communications, food and survival, on an untried mission, to an unknown celestial body, and then return it safely to earth, re-entering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25,000 miles per hour, causing heat about half that of the temperature of the sun--almost as hot as it is here today--and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before this decade is out--then we must be bold.
但是(shi)(shi)我(wo)想說,我(wo)的(de)(de)同胞們(men)。讓(rang)我(wo)們(men)向(xiang)那(nei)(nei)個(ge)距離(li)休斯敦(dun)控制(zhi)中心遠隔24萬英里的(de)(de)月(yue)球(qiu)發射一(yi)(yi)枚(mei)超(chao)過 300 英尺(chi)高(gao),與這(zhe)個(ge)橄欖球(qiu)場長度(du)相當的(de)(de)火箭。這(zhe)枚(mei)火箭采用了新型合(he)金材(cai)料(liao),其(qi)(qi)耐熱(re)性與抗壓性比現在使用的(de)(de)材(cai)料(liao)強好幾倍,只是(shi)(shi)個(ge)別部分還(huan)是(shi)(shi)未知數。其(qi)(qi)裝配(pei)的(de)(de)精密(mi)程(cheng)度(du)堪比最精確的(de)(de)手表(biao)。它運載著(zhu)用于推進,導航,控制(zhi),通訊,食(shi)品和維生的(de)(de)各種設備(bei),肩負著(zhu)前所未有的(de)(de)使命,登(deng)上那(nei)(nei)個(ge)未知的(de)(de)天體(ti),之后安(an)全返回地(di)(di)球(qiu)。以超(chao)過2萬5千英里的(de)(de)時(shi)速重返大氣層,由此產生的(de)(de)高(gao)溫大約(yue)是(shi)(shi)太陽溫度(du)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)半,像此時(shi)此地(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)樣熱(re)――如果我(wo)們(men)要在這(zhe)10年間,正確地(di)(di)實現這(zhe)些(xie)目標――那(nei)(nei)我(wo)們(men)必須敢做敢為。
I'm the one who is doing all the work, so we just want you to stay cool for a minute.
我一個人做了所有這些工(gong)作,所以我們想讓你(ni)們冷靜一會(hui)。
However, I think we're going to do it, and I think that we must pay what needs to be paid.
然而,我(wo)認為我(wo)們正(zheng)在付諸實踐(jian),我(wo)們必須為所必為。
I don't think we ought to waste any money, but I think we ought to do the job.
我并(bing)不覺(jue)得我們應該浪費錢,但我認(ren)為我們應該付(fu)諸實踐。
And this will be done in the decade of the Sixties.
這(zhe)些應該在60年代實(shi)現。
It may be done while some of you are still here at school at this college and university.
它有可能在你們還(huan)在中學,這所學院或大學時實現。
It will be done during the terms of office of some of the people who sit here on this platform.
它將會在(zai)臺上(shang)諸位(wei)的任期之內(nei)實現。
But it will be done. And it will be done before the end of this decade.
它必將完成,并且應當在這(zhe)十年(nian)結束之前完成。
And I am delighted that this university is playing a part in putting a man on the moon as part of a great national effort of the United States of America.
我很高(gao)興(xing)這所大(da)學能(neng)(neng)夠作為(wei)載人登月工程的(de)一部分(fen),能(neng)(neng)夠作為(wei)美(mei)利堅合眾(zhong)國國家事(shi)業的(de)一部分(fen)。
Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it. He said, "Because it is there."
很多年(nian)前,偉(wei)大的英國探險家喬治·馬(ma)拉里在攀登珠穆朗瑪峰時遇難。曾經有人問他為什么要攀登珠峰,他回答說(shuo),“因為它就在那兒。”
Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there.
好的,太空(kong)就在那(nei)兒,而(er)我們將投入探索。月球和(he)其他星(xing)球就在那(nei)兒,獲得知識與和(he)平的新希望就在那(nei)兒。
And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked.
因此,在(zai)我(wo)們啟(qi)程(cheng)之(zhi)時,我(wo)們祈求上帝能夠保佑(you)這個人類有史以來所(suo)從(cong)事的最具風險,危(wei)險與最偉(wei)大的歷險。
Thank you.
謝謝你們。
President Pitzer, Mr. Vice President, Governor, Congressman Thomas, Senator Wiley, and Congressman Miller, Mr. Webb, Mr. Bell, scientists, distinguished guests, and ladies and gentlemen:
I appreciate your president having made me an honorary visiting professor, and I will assure you that my first lecture will be very brief.
I am delighted to be here and I'm particularly delighted to be here on this occasion.
We meet at a college noted for knowledge, in a city noted for progress, in a state noted for strength, and we stand in need of all three, for we meet in an hour of change and challenge, in a decade of hope and fear, in an age of both knowledge and ignorance. The greater our knowledge increases, the greater our ignorance unfolds.
Despite the striking fact that most of the scientists that the world has ever known are alive and working today, despite the fact that this Nation's own scientific manpower is doubling every 12 years in a rate of growth more than three times that of our population as a whole, despite that, the vast stretches of the unknown and the unanswered and the unfinished still far outstrip our collective comprehension.
No man can fully grasp how far and how fast we have come, but condense, if you will, the 50 thousand years of man's recorded history in a time span of but a half-century. Stated in these terms, we know very little about the first 40 years, except at the end of them advanced man had learned to use the skins of animals to cover them. Then about 10 years ago, under this standard, man emerged from his caves to construct other kinds of shelter. Only five years ago man learned to write and use a cart with wheels. Christianity began less than two years ago. The printing press came this year, and then less than two months ago, during this whole 50-year span of human history, the steam engine provided a new source of power. Newton explored the meaning of gravity. Last month electric lights and telephones and automobiles and airplanes became available. Only last week did we develop penicillin and television and nuclear power, and now if America's new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will have literally reached the stars before midnight tonight.
This is a breathtaking pace, and such a pace cannot help but create new ills as it dispels old, new ignorance, new problems, new dangers. Surely the opening vistas of space promise high costs and hardships, as well as high reward.
So it is not surprising that some would have us stay where we are a little longer to rest, to wait. But this city of Houston, this state of Texas, this country of the United States was not built by those who waited and rested and wished to look behind them. This country was conquered by those who moved forward—and so will space.
William Bradford, speaking in 1630 of the founding of the Plymouth Bay Colony, said that all great and honorable actions are accompanied with great difficulties, and both must be enterprised and overcome with answerable courage.
If this capsule history of our progress teaches us anything, it is that man, in his quest for knowledge and progress, is determined and cannot be deterred. The exploration of space will go ahead, whether we join in it or not, and it is one of the great adventures of all time, and no nation which expects to be the leader of other nations can expect to stay behind in this race for space.
Those who came before us made certain that this country rode the first waves of the industrial revolution, the first waves of modern invention, and the first wave of nuclear power, and this generation does not intend to founder in the backwash of the coming age of space. We mean to be a part of it—we mean to lead it. For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we shall not see it governed by a hostile flag of conquest, but by a banner of freedom and peace. We have vowed that we shall not see space filled with weapons of mass destruction, but with instruments of knowledge and understanding.
Yet the vows of this Nation can only be fulfilled if we in this Nation are first, and, therefore, we intend to be first. In short, our leadership in science and industry, our hopes for peace and security, our obligations to ourselves as well as others, all require us to make this effort, to solve these mysteries, to solve them for the good of all men, and to become the world's leading space-faring nation.
We set sail on this new sea because there is new knowledge to be gained, and new rights to be won, and they must be won and used for the progress of all people. For space science, like nuclear science and all technology, has no conscience of its own. Whether it will become a force for good or ill depends on man, and only if the United States occupies a position of pre-eminence can we help decide whether this new ocean will be a sea of peace or a new terrifying theater of war. I do not say that we should or will go unprotected against the hostile misuse of space any more than we go unprotected against the hostile use of land or sea, but I do say that space can be explored and mastered without feeding the fires of war, without repeating the mistakes that man has made in extending his writ around this globe of ours.
There is no strife, no prejudice, no national conflict in outer space as yet. Its hazards are hostile to us all. Its conquest deserves the best of all mankind, and its opportunity for peaceful cooperation may never come again.But why, some say, the Moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask, why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas?
We choose to go to the Moon! We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard; because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one we intend to win, and the others, too.
It is for these reasons that I regard the decision last year to shift our efforts in space from low to high gear as among the most important decisions that will be made during my incumbency in the office of the Presidency.
In the last 24 hours we have seen facilities now being created for the greatest and most complex exploration in man's history. We have felt the ground shake and the air shattered by the testing of a Saturn C-1 booster rocket, many times as powerful as the Atlas which launched John Glenn, generating power equivalent to 10 thousand automobiles with their accelerators on the floor. We have seen the site where five F-1 rocket engines, each one as powerful as all eight engines of the Saturn combined, will be clustered together to make the advanced Saturn missile, assembled in a new building to be built at Cape Canaveral as tall as a 48 story structure, as wide as a city block, and as long as two lengths of this field.
Within these last 19 months at least 45 satellites have circled the earth. Some 40 of them were made in the United States of America and they were far more sophisticated and supplied far more knowledge to the people of the world than those of the Soviet Union.
The Mariner spacecraft... (interrupted by applause) the Mariner spacecraft now on its way to Venus is the most intricate instrument in the history of space science. The accuracy of that shot is comparable to firing a missile from Cape Canaveral and dropping it in this stadium between the 40-yard lines.
Transit satellites are helping our ships at sea to steer a safer course. Tiros satellites have given us unprecedented warnings of hurricanes and storms, and will do the same for forest fires and icebergs.
We have had our failures, but so have others, even if they do not admit them. And they may be less public.
To be sure,... (interrupted by applause) to be sure, we are behind, and will be behind for some time in manned flight. But we do not intend to stay behind, and in this decade, we shall make up and move ahead.
The growth of our science and education will be enriched by new knowledge of our universe and environment, by new techniques of learning and mapping and observation, by new tools and computers for industry, medicine, the home as well as the school. Technical institutions, such as Rice, will reap the harvest of these gains.
And finally, the space effort itself, while still in its infancy, has already created a great number of new companies, and tens of thousands of new jobs. Space and related industries are generating new demands in investment and skilled personnel, and this city and this state, and this region, will share greatly in this growth. What was once the furthest outpost on the old frontier of the West will be the furthest outpost on the new frontier of science and space. Houston, (interrupted by applause) your city of Houston, with its Manned Spacecraft Center, will become the heart of a large scientific and engineering community. During the next 5 years the National Aeronautics and Space Administration expects to double the number of scientists and engineers in this area, to increase its outlays for salaries and expenses to 60 million dollars a year; to invest some 200 million dollars in plant and laboratory facilities; and to direct or contract for new space efforts over 1 billion dollars from this center in this city.
To be sure, all this costs us all a good deal of money. This year's space budget is three times what it was in January 1961, and it is greater than the space budget of the previous eight years combined. That budget now stands at 5 billion 400 million dollars a year—a staggering sum, though somewhat less than we pay for cigarettes and cigars every year. Space expenditures will soon rise some more, from 40 cents per person per week to more than 50 cents a week for every man, woman and child in the United States, for we have given this program a high national priority—even though I realize that this is in some measure an act of faith and vision, for we do not now know what benefits await us. But if I were to say, my fellow citizens, that we shall send to the moon, 240 thousand miles away from the control station in Houston, a giant rocket more than 300 feet tall, the length of this football field, made of new metal alloys, some of which have not yet been invented, capable of standing heat and stresses several times more than have ever been experienced, fitted together with a precision better than the finest watch, carrying all the equipment needed for propulsion, guidance, control, communications, food and survival, on an untried mission, to an unknown celestial body, and then return it safely to earth, re-entering the atmosphere at speeds of over 25 thousand miles per hour, causing heat about half that of the temperature of the sun—almost as hot as it is here today—and do all this, and do it right, and do it first before this decade is out—then we must be bold.
I'm the one who is doing all the work, so we just want you to stay cool for a minute.
However, I think we're going to do it, and I think that we must pay what needs to be paid. I don't think we ought to waste any money, but I think we ought to do the job. And this will be done in the decade of the Sixties. It may be done while some of you are still here at school at this college and university. It will be done during the terms of office of some of the people who sit here on this platform. But it will be done. And it will be done before the end of this decade.
And I am delighted that this university is playing a part in putting a man on the moon as part of a great national effort of the United States of America.
Many years ago the great British explorer George Mallory, who was to die on Mount Everest, was asked why did he want to climb it. He said, "Because it is there."
Well, space is there, and we're going to climb it, and the moon and the planets are there, and new hopes for knowledge and peace are there. And, therefore, as we set sail we ask God's blessing on the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked.
Thank you.
1961年(nian)(nian)1月,約翰·肯尼迪(di)當(dang)選美(mei)國總(zong)統(tong),當(dang)時由于蘇(su)(su)聯(lian)(lian)在將近4年(nian)(nian)前(qian)就成功(gong)發射了(le)第(di)(di)一顆人(ren)(ren)造衛星斯普(pu)特(te)尼克1號等原因,許多(duo)美(mei)國人(ren)(ren)認為(wei)在與蘇(su)(su)聯(lian)(lian)的太空競賽(sai)中(zhong)美(mei)國正在失利(li)。1961年(nian)(nian)4月12日,俄羅斯宇(yu)航員尤利(li)·加加林趕在美(mei)國水星計劃成功(gong)之前(qian)成為(wei)太空第(di)(di)一人(ren)(ren)使得這種觀念越發強烈。
因此(ci)(ci),美國(guo)(guo)(guo)急需(xu)一種能展現空(kong)間技術實(shi)力的(de)(de)尖端成就。為此(ci)(ci)肯尼迪任命副(fu)總統Lyndon B.Johnson擔任國(guo)(guo)(guo)家航(hang)(hang)空(kong)航(hang)(hang)天委(wei)員會主席,以選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)他們(men)的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)。他特(te)別要求(qiu)調查在(zai)“建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)空(kong)間實(shi)驗室”“載人(ren)繞(rao)月(yue)飛(fei)行”和“載人(ren)登月(yue)”這些計劃中擊敗蘇(su)聯(lian)的(de)(de)可能性,及它(ta)們(men)的(de)(de)成本。約(yue)翰(han)遜(xun)(xun)咨詢了(le)美國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家航(hang)(hang)空(kong)航(hang)(hang)天局(NASA)的(de)(de)官員。NASA局長詹姆斯(si)·韋伯(bo)給出的(de)(de)回答(da)是:美國(guo)(guo)(guo)沒有機(ji)會趕(gan)在(zai)蘇(su)聯(lian)之前建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)空(kong)間站,是否能率先(xian)進行載人(ren)繞(rao)月(yue)飛(fei)行則很(hen)難說,因此(ci)(ci)載人(ren)登月(yue)是最好的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze),這也是最昂貴的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)。同(tong)時韋伯(bo)認為在(zai)1970年前實(shi)現這一目(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)需(xu)要耗費220億美元。約(yue)翰(han)遜(xun)(xun)還咨詢了(le)馮·布勞恩(en)和行業三(san)個巨頭:CBS的(de)(de)弗蘭克·斯(si)坦(tan)頓,美國(guo)(guo)(guo)電力公司的(de)(de)唐納德·C·庫克和KBR的(de)(de)喬治·R·布朗的(de)(de)意見。
1961年(nian)5月25日(ri),肯尼迪(di)總(zong)統發表《關于國家緊急(ji)需求向國會(hui)的(de)報(bao)告(gao)》提議“我相(xiang)信(xin)現在(zai)到了這個(ge)國家兌(dui)現承諾的(de)時刻,去完成這個(ge)目(mu)標:在(zai)這10年(nian)結束(shu)前(qian),將人類(lei)送上(shang)月球,并安全返回地球。”而此時有58%的(de)美國人反對這一計劃(hua)。
1962年肯尼迪發表該講話,旨在鼓勵美(mei)國(guo)人民支(zhi)持阿波羅計劃。