深山閩春(chun)(chun)蜓(學(xue)名:Fukienogomphus prometheus)是春(chun)(chun)蜓科、閩春(chun)(chun)蜓屬昆蟲。雄蟲和雌蟲腹長(chang)42-46毫(hao)米,后(hou)翅36-41毫(hao)米。雄蟲上(shang)(shang)顎外(wai)面基(ji)方(fang)幾乎(hu)完全黃(huang)(huang)色(se)。上(shang)(shang)唇(chun)通常具(ju)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)圓形小黃(huang)(huang)斑。額橫(heng)紋甚闊。頭頂及后(hou)頭黑色(se)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)胸背(bei)板(ban)前(qian)(qian)(qian)區的(de)前(qian)(qian)(qian)緣黃(huang)(huang)色(se),中(zhong)(zhong)區背(bei)部(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)具(ju)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)小圓斑。背(bei)條(tiao)紋向(xiang)下(xia)方(fang)分歧,下(xia)端(duan)不與(yu)領(ling)條(tiao)紋相(xiang)連。通常有三(san)角(jiao)形肩前(qian)(qian)(qian)上(shang)(shang)點,甚少有肩前(qian)(qian)(qian)下(xia)條(tiao)紋。足(zu)黑色(se),前(qian)(qian)(qian)足(zu)和中(zhong)(zhong)足(zu)基(ji)節(jie)外(wai)側具(ju)甚大(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)斑。陽莖末端(duan)為典型(xing)的(de)春(chun)(chun)蜓型(xing)。足(zu)較長(chang),伸抵腹部(bu)第2節(jie)基(ji)部(bu),后(hou)足(zu)腿節(jie)密(mi)生兩排短(duan)刺,每排大(da)(da)約42至48根(gen),僅末端(duan)的(de)2根(gen)或3根(gen)稍較長(chang)。雌蟲與(yu)雄蟲不同處如下(xia):頭頂具(ju)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)甚大(da)(da)短(duan)突起,位于側單眼上(shang)(shang)方(fang),末端(duan)鈍圓,兩突起之間有一(yi)(yi)低脊相(xiang)連,該突起的(de)外(wai)側另有一(yi)(yi)個小突起,近于復眼邊緣。后(hou)頭甚低,后(hou)頭緣凹陷(xian)。下(xia)生殖板(ban)短(duan)三(san)角(jiao)形,它的(de)長(chang)度(du)約為第9節(jie)長(chang)度(du)的(de)1/4,中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)裂入(ru)的(de)深度(du)約為下(xia)生殖板(ban)長(chang)度(du)之半。第9節(jie)腹面具(ju)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)長(chang)三(san)角(jiao)形骨片。
分布于(yu)(yu)中國(guo)福(fu)建(武夷山、邵武、建陽(yang)、仙游、永(yong)安、長汀)、臺灣、廣東。深山閩春蜓一般在(zai)白晝活動于(yu)(yu)稚蟲(chong)(chong)生(sheng)活的(de)環境(jing)附近。常在(zai)河塘、溪流處飛翔(xiang)。深山閩春蜓的(de)食(shi)物主要是蜉蝣(you)稚蟲(chong)(chong)、蚊類(lei)幼蟲(chong)(chong)或同類(lei)的(de)其他(ta)個體,甚至蝌蚪及小(xiao)魚。
稚(zhi)蟲(chong)棲息在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中砂粒、泥(ni)水(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)草(cao)間,少(shao)數稚(zhi)蟲(chong)生(sheng)活在(zai)(zai)林地碎屑或(huo)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)樹(shu)洞(dong)中或(huo)爬出水(shui)(shui)(shui)面附(fu)(fu)著在(zai)(zai)巖石的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)膜內。深山閩春(chun)蜓(ting)一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)白晝活動于稚(zhi)蟲(chong)生(sheng)活的(de)環境附(fu)(fu)近。常(chang)在(zai)(zai)河塘、溪流(liu)處飛(fei)翔(xiang)。雌(ci)性深山閩春(chun)蜓(ting)喜歡(huan)待在(zai)(zai)遠離水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)的(de)地方(fang),例如森林附(fu)(fu)近,它在(zai)(zai)那里更容易獲取食(shi)物。
分布于中(zhong)國福建(武夷山、邵武、建陽、仙游、永安、長汀)、海南、浙(zhe)江、臺(tai)灣、廣東。
雄蟲(chong)和雌蟲(chong)腹長(chang)42-46毫米,后翅36-41毫米。
雄蟲上(shang)(shang)(shang)顎外(wai)面(mian)(mian)基(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)幾乎完(wan)全(quan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)唇(chun)通常(chang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)對(dui)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)小(xiao)(xiao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),甚(shen)(shen)(shen)少(shao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)對(dui)大(da)(da)(da)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)或完(wan)全(quan)無(wu)(wu)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)。額橫(heng)紋(wen)(wen)甚(shen)(shen)(shen)闊。頭(tou)頂(ding)及后(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)。前(qian)(qian)胸(xiong)背(bei)(bei)(bei)板(ban)前(qian)(qian)區的前(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se),中(zhong)區背(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)中(zhong)央(yang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)對(dui)小(xiao)(xiao)圓(yuan)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)由(you)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)細(xi)黑線分(fen)隔。領條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)中(zhong)央(yang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)斷;合(he)胸(xiong)脊具(ju)(ju)(ju)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)紋(wen)(wen),不(bu)與(yu)領條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)。背(bei)(bei)(bei)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)向(xiang)下(xia)(xia)方(fang)(fang)(fang)分(fen)歧(qi),下(xia)(xia)端不(bu)與(yu)領條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)相(xiang)連(lian)(lian)。通常(chang)有(you)(you)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)肩前(qian)(qian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)點,甚(shen)(shen)(shen)少(shao)有(you)(you)肩前(qian)(qian)下(xia)(xia)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen);合(he)胸(xiong)側(ce)(ce)方(fang)(fang)(fang)通常(chang)無(wu)(wu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen),或第(di)(di)(di)(di)2條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)及第(di)(di)(di)(di)3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)斷的距離甚(shen)(shen)(shen)遠,甚(shen)(shen)(shen)少(shao)細(xi)窄的第(di)(di)(di)(di)2條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)完(wan)全(quan)或第(di)(di)(di)(di)2及第(di)(di)(di)(di)3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)均完(wan)全(quan)。足(zu)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se),前(qian)(qian)足(zu)和(he)中(zhong)足(zu)基(ji)節(jie)外(wai)側(ce)(ce)具(ju)(ju)(ju)甚(shen)(shen)(shen)大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)。在(zai)(zai)幼嫩標(biao)本翅基(ji)至(zhi)弓(gong)脈(mo)處(chu)呈金(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se);但在(zai)(zai)較(jiao)老的標(biao)本金(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)的范圍較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao),顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)亦較(jiao)淺。腹(fu)部(bu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)1節(jie)背(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)具(ju)(ju)(ju)甚(shen)(shen)(shen)大(da)(da)(da)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),側(ce)(ce)方(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se);第(di)(di)(di)(di)2節(jie)背(bei)(bei)(bei)中(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)基(ji)部(bu)寬,向(xiang)末(mo)端漸細(xi),伸(shen)抵(di)該節(jie)全(quan)長,中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)兩處(chu)縊縮,該節(jie)的側(ce)(ce)方(fang)(fang)(fang)包含耳狀突大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se),在(zai)(zai)耳狀突的后(hou)(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)由(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)楔入;第(di)(di)(di)(di)2節(jie)背(bei)(bei)(bei)中(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)甚(shen)(shen)(shen)細(xi),約(yue)略伸(shen)抵(di)該節(jie)全(quan)長,基(ji)側(ce)(ce)方(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)亞基(ji)橫(heng)脊之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)具(ju)(ju)(ju)甚(shen)(shen)(shen)大(da)(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)斑(ban)(ban)(ban);第(di)(di)(di)(di)4-7節(jie)具(ju)(ju)(ju)相(xiang)似斑(ban)(ban)(ban)紋(wen)(wen),但向(xiang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)節(jie)逐(zhu)漸細(xi)小(xiao)(xiao);第(di)(di)(di)(di)8節(jie)背(bei)(bei)(bei)中(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)(wen)長度約(yue)為該節(jie)的1/3;第(di)(di)(di)(di)8節(jie)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)9節(jie)側(ce)(ce)面(mian)(mian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)“U”字(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),“U”字(zi)的臂朝向(xiang)前(qian)(qian)方(fang)(fang)(fang),第(di)(di)(di)(di)8節(jie)“U”字(zi)紋(wen)(wen)的臂彎向(xiang)內方(fang)(fang)(fang),形(xing)(xing)(xing)成不(bu)完(wan)全(quan)的圈形(xing)(xing)(xing)紋(wen)(wen);第(di)(di)(di)(di)3-6節(jie)背(bei)(bei)(bei)板(ban)腹(fu)緣(yuan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)10節(jie)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)肛附器(qi)牙黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se),但它(ta)(ta)(ta)的末(mo)端、它(ta)(ta)(ta)的內方(fang)(fang)(fang)、四邊形(xing)(xing)(xing)的齒(chi)(chi)和(he)它(ta)(ta)(ta)基(ji)部(bu)外(wai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)尖齒(chi)(chi)的末(mo)端黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)。下(xia)(xia)肛附器(qi)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)。前(qian)(qian)翅結(jie)前(qian)(qian)橫(heng)脈(mo)15-18條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),后(hou)(hou)(hou)翅13-15條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao);前(qian)(qian)翅結(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)橫(heng)脈(mo)13至(zhi)15條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),后(hou)(hou)(hou)翅12-16條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。前(qian)(qian)翅在(zai)(zai)弓(gong)脈(mo)與(yu)叉脈(mo)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)通常(chang)具(ju)(ju)(ju)4或5條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)橫(heng)脈(mo),甚(shen)(shen)(shen)少(shao)3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),后(hou)(hou)(hou)翅在(zai)(zai)此處(chu)僅(jin)有(you)(you)1-3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)橫(heng)脈(mo)。三角(jiao)室偶爾(er)具(ju)(ju)(ju)1條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)橫(heng)脈(mo)。陽莖末(mo)端為典型的春蜓型。足(zu)較(jiao)長,伸(shen)抵(di)腹(fu)部(bu)第(di)(di)(di)(di)2節(jie)基(ji)部(bu),后(hou)(hou)(hou)足(zu)腿節(jie)密生(sheng)兩排短刺,每排大(da)(da)(da)約(yue)42至(zhi)48根,僅(jin)末(mo)端的2根或3根稍(shao)較(jiao)長。
雌蟲(chong)(chong)與雄蟲(chong)(chong)不(bu)同處如下(xia):頭頂具一對甚大短突(tu)起,位(wei)于側單(dan)眼(yan)上方(fang),末端(duan)鈍圓,兩突(tu)起之間有一低(di)脊(ji)相連,該突(tu)起的(de)外側另有一個小突(tu)起,近于復眼(yan)邊緣(yuan)。后(hou)頭甚低(di),后(hou)頭緣(yuan)凹陷。下(xia)生(sheng)殖(zhi)板(ban)短三角(jiao)形(xing),它的(de)長(chang)度(du)約(yue)為第9節長(chang)度(du)的(de)1/4,中(zhong)央裂入的(de)深(shen)度(du)約(yue)為下(xia)生(sheng)殖(zhi)板(ban)長(chang)度(du)之半。第9節腹(fu)面具一對長(chang)三角(jiao)形(xing)骨片(pian)。
深山閩(min)春(chun)蜓一(yi)般以卵或稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)在水中越(yue)冬,少(shao)數(shu)種(zhong)類成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)也可冬眠。深山閩(min)春(chun)蜓屬不(bu)完全變態。生活(huo)史只經卵、稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)3個階段。各(ge)階段歷期長短不(bu)同種(zhong)類間(jian)差異很大。卵經過5-230天(tian)孵化出包(bao)被在薄(bo)幾丁質膜(mo)鞘中的(de)“預稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)”,經幾秒至(zhi)數(shu)十分鐘后,脫去膜(mo)鞘進入第二齡(ling)期,成(cheng)(cheng)為能自由活(huo)動于水中的(de)稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)俗稱水蠆。
深山(shan)(shan)閩春(chun)蜓(ting)的(de)食物(wu)主(zhu)要是(shi)蜉蝣稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲、蚊(wen)類(lei)幼蟲或(huo)同類(lei)的(de)其他(ta)個體(ti)(ti),甚至蝌蚪及小(xiao)魚。稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲期(qi)要經(jing)9-15齡才能發育成(cheng)熟。老熟稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲爬(pa)出水(shui)面,結束(shu)了水(shui)中(zhong)生活,附著在石頭、植物(wu)或(huo)其他(ta)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)上,脫去外殼進入成(cheng)蟲期(qi)。剛出來的(de)成(cheng)蟲身體(ti)(ti)柔軟,要經(jing)過數(shu)小(xiao)時或(huo)幾晝(zhou)夜時間硬化(hua)體(ti)(ti)殼,隨著體(ti)(ti)液循環,翅芽伸(shen)張挺直,體(ti)(ti)色與(yu)斑紋(wen)也逐漸鮮明,這(zhe)時深山(shan)(shan)閩春(chun)蜓(ting)才有能力(li)飛(fei)離(li)蛻皮處,到廣闊天(tian)空中(zhong)翱(ao)翔。
交尾(wei):性成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)雄蟲(chong)在交尾(wei)前,先使腹(fu)部向前彎(wan)曲,將第(di)9腹(fu)節(jie)(jie)生(sheng)殖孔移到第(di)2、3腹(fu)節(jie)(jie)下(xia)面與交合(he)器的(de)(de)次生(sheng)陽(yang)莖(jing)(jing)對接(jie),把精(jing)包(由帶狀黏(nian)膜把精(jing)子包纏卷裹形成(cheng)(cheng))通過陽(yang)莖(jing)(jing)貯(zhu)存于陰囊內。在完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)精(jing)子轉移之(zhi)后,雄蟲(chong)即在空中追逐雌蟲(chong),并(bing)用(yong)腹(fu)部末端(duan)的(de)(de)肛附器握住(zhu)雌蟲(chong)的(de)(de)相關部位,雌蟲(chong)用(yong)六(liu)足(zu)抱(bao)住(zhu)雄蟲(chong)的(de)(de)腹(fu)部,自動彎(wan)曲腹(fu)部,把腹(fu)端(duan)生(sheng)殖孔伸達(da)雄蟲(chong)第(di)2節(jie)(jie)與次生(sheng)陽(yang)莖(jing)(jing)對接(jie)起來,形成(cheng)(cheng)個環狀串(chuan)連。
產卵(luan):交尾結束后,雌蟲很快產卵(luan)。卵(luan)產在植物體內或水(shui)中及其附近物體上。
列入《世界自然保護(hu)聯盟(meng)瀕(bin)危(wei)物種紅色名(ming)錄》(IUCN 2010年 ver 3.1)——無危(wei)(LC)。
深(shen)山閩(min)春蜓是有益于人類的(de)一類重要的(de)天敵昆蟲(chong)和水質環境的(de)指(zhi)示昆蟲(chong)。