芒果视频下载

黃(huang)(huang)河三角(jiao)洲，以山東(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)營市墾(ken)利縣(xian)寧海(hai)為軸點，北起(qi)套爾河口(kou)，南(nan)至淄脈河口(kou)，向東(dong)(dong)撒(sa)開的(de)扇狀地形，海(hai)拔高程(cheng)低于(yu)15米，面積達5450平(ping)方公(gong)里。三角(jiao)洲屬溫帶季(ji)風型(xing)大陸(lu)性氣(qi)候，四季(ji)分(fen)明，光(guang)照充足，區內自然(ran)(ran)資(zi)源豐富(fu)。1991年(nian)時在(zai)此設立了自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護區，并(bing)于(yu)1992年(nian)晉升為國家級自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護區，以保(bao)護黃(huang)(huang)河口(kou)原(yuan)生(sheng)濕地生(sheng)態系(xi)統和丹頂鶴(he)、白頭鶴(he)等珍稀(xi)瀕危鳥(niao)類為主體。另外，資(zi)源豐富(fu)的(de)黃(huang)(huang)河三角(jiao)洲，對于(yu)環渤海(hai)及(ji)東(dong)(dong)北亞(ya)地區經濟(ji)發展，也(ye)有著(zhu)極(ji)大地經濟(ji)價值(zhi)。

保護對象

動物

區內動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)可分成(cheng)陸生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)群和，海洋動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)群，共記(ji)錄野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)1524種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)300種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中獸(shou)類(lei)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類(lei)265種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行類(lei)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)無脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中節肢動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)534種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原腔動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，扁體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)性水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中淡水(shui)魚類(lei)108種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲(jia)殼動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，軟體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原腔動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)r環節動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)性水生動物(wu)(wu)(wu)共(gong)有41.8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)海(hai)(hai)獸類(lei)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)爬(pa)行類(lei)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)(yang)魚類(lei)85種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼動物(wu)(wu)(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，軟(ruan)體動物(wu)(wu)(wu)95種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，環節動物(wu)(wu)(wu)81種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，腔腸動物(wu)(wu)(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，紐(niu)形動物(wu)(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，棘皮動物(wu)(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，星(xing)蟲動物(wu)(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，腕足動物(wu)(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，毛顎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其它脊(ji)索動物(wu)(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

黃河(he)三(san)角(jiao)洲自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區是中國(guo)(guo)(guo)最大的一塊新生(sheng)濕地(di)，區內(nei)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)分為陸生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)態群(qun)和海(hai)洋(yang)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)態群(qun)，共記(ji)錄野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1524種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)300種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，無脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；陸生(sheng)性(xing)水生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)洋(yang)性(xing)水生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)418種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區是東北亞(ya)內(nei)陸和環西太平洋(yang)鳥(niao)類遷徙重(zhong)要的“中轉站”，越冬地(di)和繁殖地(di)。鳥(niao)類資(zi)源豐富，珍稀(xi)瀕危鳥(niao)類眾多。自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內(nei)共有鳥(niao)類265種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中屬國(guo)(guo)(guo)家一級重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)類有：白(bai)鸛、中華秋沙鴨、白(bai)尾(wei)海(hai)雕(diao)(diao)、金雕(diao)(diao)、丹頂(ding)鶴白(bai)頭鶴、大鴇7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬國(guo)(guo)(guo)家二級重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的鳥(niao)類有海(hai)鸕鶿、大天鵝、灰鶴、白(bai)尾(wei)鷂

等33種(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)《瀕危野生(sheng)動植物種(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易公(gong)約》中，屬(shu)(shu)附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)(lu)Ⅰ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)白鸛(guan)、丹(dan)頂鶴等7種(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)(lu)Ⅱ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)花臉鴨、鵲鷂(yao)等26種(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)于附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)(lu)Ⅲ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)大白鷺、針尾鴨等7種(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)《中澳(ao)保(bao)(bao)護候鳥(niao)及其棲息環境的(de)協(xie)定》中，保(bao)(bao)護鳥(niao)類(lei)81種(zhong)(zhong)，自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內有(you)(you)51種(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)《中日保(bao)(bao)護候鳥(niao)及其棲息環境的(de)協(xie)定》中，保(bao)(bao)護鳥(niao)類(lei)227種(zhong)(zhong)，自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內有(you)(you)152種(zhong)(zhong)。

自然保(bao)護(hu)區其他動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)資源有(you)(you)：陸生脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，陸生無脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)641種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中國家(jia)一級(ji)重點保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)：白鱘、達氏(shi)鱘2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)國家(jia)二級(ji)重點保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)江(jiang)豚、寬吻海豚、松江(jiang)鱸魚等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在《瀕危野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易公約》中，屬(shu)附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅰ的動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)棱皮(pi)龜、江(jiang)豚2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅱ的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)豹貓、小須鯨等(deng)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)于附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅲ的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)(you)黃鼬1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

植物

保護區內共(gong)有各類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)393種(zhong)(含變(bian)(bian)種(zhong))。其中浮游(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)4門(men)、116種(zhong)(變(bian)(bian)種(zhong))；蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)3科、3屬、4種(zhong)；裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)2科、2屬、2種(zhong)；被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)54科、178屬、271種(zhong)，其中單子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)11科、57屬、87種(zhong)，雙子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)43科、121屬、184種(zhong)。

科研價值

濕地生態

濕地生態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是水(shui)生生態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)向陸地生態系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的一個過渡階段，其基(ji)本生態功能是調節水(shui)

份(fen)循環(huan)和維持濕地的動植物資源(yuan)，特(te)別是水禽的棲息地和遷移性(xing)鳥類的繁殖地，其(qi)(qi)脆弱性(xing)決定了易失難復原的現實，因而(er)開(kai)展(zhan)對濕地生態系(xi)統的生產者、消(xiao)費者的研(yan)究，掌握其(qi)(qi)演替規律，研(yan)究其(qi)(qi)發生、發展(zhan)、組(zu)成至關重要。

林種基因

自然(ran)保護區(qu)內(nei)分布著天(tian)然(ran)柳(liu)林、天(tian)然(ran)檉柳(liu)林及大面(mian)積的野(ye)大豆(dou)，提供了對遺傳(chuan)基因研(yan)究和植物發(fa)展演替規律研(yan)究的基本材料(liao)。

穩定黃河

開展黃(huang)河(he)(he)穩流固(gu)道研究是一個高難度課題(ti)，運用海動力學原理及黃(huang)河(he)(he)沉砂(sha)規律(lv)研究穩定黃(huang)河(he)(he)尾閭的工程措施，事關大局(ju)，意(yi)義深遠(yuan)，將是對全民族的貢(gong)獻。

改良土地

自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)內(nei)隱性(xing)潮土占保護區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)的(de)(de)40%，這部分土壤pH值在(zai)7.5～7.8之間，極易發(fa)生(sheng)鹽(yan)漬化(hua)。50年(nian)代后(hou)期的(de)(de)盲目開發(fa)，使該地(di)區(qu)(qu)大(da)片土地(di)鹽(yan)堿化(hua)，給(gei)當地(di)的(de)(de)生(sheng)態環(huan)境和工農業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)造(zao)成難以(yi)估量的(de)(de)損失。因此，在(zai)掌握該濕地(di)生(sheng)態系統(tong)演化(hua)規律的(de)(de)基礎上，開展對鹽(yan)堿地(di)優良環(huan)境研究和對各類資源充分、合理利用與改(gai)良研究，對我國建設黃河三(san)角洲糧棉基地(di)有(you)重要意義(yi)。