孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)(ao)紀(ji)念館位于(yu)壽(shou)縣(xian)城南30公里的安(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘北(bei)岸(an),坐北(bei)向(xiang)南,占地(di)3000平(ping)方米,為(wei)祀楚令尹孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)(ao)建,始建年代(dai)不(bu)詳。據《水(shui)經注》載(zai),“芍破水(shui)北(bei)經孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)(ao)詞(ci)下”,可知祠之(zhi)始建不(bu)晚(wan)于(yu)北(bei)魏,明、清兩代(dai)迭有修葺。現存(cun)大殿、還清閣、崇報門,詞(ci)內外集中明、清碑刻19方,中有歷代(dai)安(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘碑記、安(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘灌區(qu)圖示、孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)(ao)刻像及傳略,是(shi)研究安(an)豐(feng)(feng)塘的重要史料。
孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)公祠(ci)(ci)(ci)是國家歷史文化名城——安(an)徽(hui)省(sheng)壽縣安(an)豐(feng)塘(tang)畔的孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)書敖祠(ci)(ci)(ci)堂。又名楚(chu)相祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、芍陂祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、安(an)豐(feng)塘(tang)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)等(deng)。位于今安(an)豐(feng)塘(tang)北岸,為祀孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)叔(shu)敖造芍陂而建,始于何時(shi)尚(shang)未能(neng)詳。安(an)豐(feng)塘(tang),素有“天下第一塘(tang)”之稱。古名芍陂,為楚(chu)相孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)叔(shu)敖主持修建。后人為紀念孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)叔(shu)敖,在陂北建有一祠(ci)(ci)(ci),故名孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)公祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。
孫叔敖,姓(xing)孫,名敖,字孫叔;父(fu)名孫賈,任楚(chu)(chu)國司馬,后被斗越椒所(suo)害,孫叔敖避難于(yu)(yu)夢澤。虞邱相薦其(qi)賢(xian)于(yu)(yu)楚(chu)(chu)莊王,召為令尹。《史記(ji)?循吏(li)列傳》說。“孫叔敖者,楚(chu)(chu)之(zhi)處(chu)土也,虞邱相進(jin)之(zhi)于(yu)(yu)楚(chu)(chu)莊王,以(yi)自代也。三(san)月(yue)為楚(chu)(chu)相,施教導民,上下和(he)合(he),世俗盛美,政緩禁止,吏(li)無0邪,盜賊不起(qi)。秋冬(dong)則勸(quan)民山采,春夏以(yi)水(shui),各得(de)(de)其(qi)所(suo)便,民皆(jie)樂其(qi)生。”為了發(fa)展生產(chan),富國富民,他(ta)選擇(ze)主要產(chan)糧區(qu)的壽春,利(li)用南高北低、水(shui)源豐富的地理環境,修造芍陂水(shui)利(li),灌溉萬頃(qing),使(shi)楚(chu)(chu)國經濟迅速恢復與(yu)發(fa)展,人民得(de)(de)其(qi)利(li)。
據傳,此舉適合國情,深得(de)人心,當(dang)地(di)人民很(hen)早就(jiu)在(zai)陂(po)(po)側立祠(ci)以祭了。《水經(jing)注》“肥水”條下(xia)有(you)記曰:“水北徑孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)祠(ci)下(xia)”,可見孫(sun)公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)始建(jian)日最遲也不(bu)會晚于北魏。宋(song)王安石《安豐張令(ling)修芍陂(po)(po)》詩(shi)中亦有(you)“楚(chu)(chu)相祠(ci)堂仍好在(zai)”句,明代宣陽僑郎王邦瑞(rui)《過孫(sun)叔(shu)敖(ao)祠(ci)》詩(shi)曰:“百里陂(po)(po)塘峙楚(chu)(chu)祠(ci),萬年(nian)(nian)(nian)伏臘動人思。愛(ai)存墮(duo)淚非殘碣,功似為(wei)霖(lin)豈一時(shi)。” 據《壽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)志》記載(zai),明成(cheng)(cheng)化十九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元1483年(nian)(nian)(nian)),御史魏璋“重修之(zhi)”;成(cheng)(cheng)化二十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元1486年(nian)(nian)(nian)),知州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)劉概“增葺之(zhi)”;清康熙間(jian),州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)同顏(yan)伯(bo)?《孫(sun)公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)廟(miao)記》說祠(ci)有(you)“殿(dian)廡(wu)門閣(ge)凡九(jiu)所二十八間(jian),僧舍三(san)所九(jiu)間(jian),戶牖(you)五(wu)十有(you)七(qi)戶”;又說有(you)古柏數株,遮(zhe)天蔽日。游客到此,觀芍陂(po)(po)壯舉,仰(yang)楚(chu)(chu)相遺(yi)風(feng),留連之(zhi)余,可于庭、于廊、于廡(wu)、于樹下(xia)、于南(nan)牖(you)北窗,此軒彼欄(lan),皆得(de)以憩(qi)憩(qi),偃仰(yang)隨(sui)意,風(feng)雨寒暑(shu)所不(bu)及也。乾隆(long)五(wu)十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元1793年(nian)(nian)(nian)),壽州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)知州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)周(zhou)光鄰《芍陂(po)(po)楚(chu)(chu)相祠(ci)》云:“楚(chu)(chu)相祠(ci)堂柏蔭(yin)清,芍陂(po)(po)晴(qing)藻碧煙橫。欲(yu)知遺(yi)澤(ze)流長處,三(san)十六門秋水聲。廉吏可為(wei)終可為(wei),衣冠今古式威(wei)儀。野(ye)人欲(yu)采塘花獻,剛及西風(feng)稻熟時(shi)。” 經(jing)過乾隆(long)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)多次修葺,形成(cheng)(cheng)一套祠(ci)宇制度(du)。
正(zheng)殿(dian)奉楚令尹孫叔(shu)敖像,東(dong)配(pei)(pei)明(ming)(ming)壽州知(zhi)州黃克(ke)纘“木主”,西配(pei)(pei)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)壽州州同顏(yan)伯?“木主”;東(dong)西廡配(pei)(pei)祭(ji)漢至清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)代致力于(yu)芍(shao)陂興利(li)的官(guan)宦48人,漢廬江太守王景以及(ji)兗州刺史(shi)鄧艾(ai)位居前(qian)列(lie)。現存大殿(dian)、還清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)閣(ge)、崇(chong)報(bao)門(men)(men)和(he)明(ming)(ming)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)間(jian)碑(bei)刻(ke)19方。大殿(dian)三間(jian),位于(yu)后(hou)進,硬山、馬頭墻(qiang)、前(qian)提檐(yan)、立貼式(shi)梁架。還清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)閣(ge)位于(yu)中(zhong)進,闊(kuo)(kuo)三間(jian),深一間(jian),兩層密檐(yan)式(shi),墻(qiang)面出單挑磚雕(diao)華(hua)拱(gong)以承檐(yan)下(xia)。崇(chong)報(bao)門(men)(men)為(wei)前(qian)進,又稱碑(bei)廳(ting),面闊(kuo)(kuo)四間(jian),東(dong)間(jian)闊(kuo)(kuo)3.3米,自東(dong)至西各(ge)間(jian)面依次遞(di)減;門(men)(men)設東(dong)邊(bian)第二間(jian)正(zheng)中(zhong),異于(yu)大殿(dian),還清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)閣(ge)設門(men)(men)于(yu)明(ming)(ming)間(jian)的對稱格局。碑(bei)廳(ting)內外墻(qiang)上(shang),嵌有(you)近年自祠(ci)之內集中(zhong)起來的碑(bei)刻(ke)19方,有(you)歷史(shi)上(shang)重(zhong)修(xiu)安(an)豐(feng)塘碑(bei)記、禁止侵塘為(wei)田的積水(shui)界石(shi)記、安(an)豐(feng)塘圖(tu)、孫叔(shu)敖石(shi)刻(ke)線像及(ji)其傳略、重(zhong)修(xiu)孫公(gong)祠(ci)碑(bei)記等。其中(zhong)明(ming)(ming)代石(shi)刻(ke)塘圖(tu),可(ke)見塘的位置、水(shui)源、斗(dou)門(men)(men)、灌區概況(kuang),在水(shui)利(li)科學史(shi)上(shang)有(you)較高價(jia)值(zhi)。乾隆四十年梁書(shu)丹之草體《重(zhong)修(xiu)安(an)豐(feng)塘碑(bei)記》,亦常為(wei)游人所欣賞。