遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)省華寶(bao)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)(guan)籌(chou)建于2010年(nian)10月(yue),正(zheng)式開館(guan)(guan)于2012年(nian)8月(yue)1日。博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)(guan)主要展示宣傳(chuan)名家或獲(huo)得(de)各種獎勵的遼(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)作品(pin),以及遼(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)制作方(fang)面的傳(chuan)統工(gong)(gong)具、現代(dai)機械、高(gao)科技設備等(deng)(deng),同時展示相(xiang)關(guan)的圖(tu)文(wen)資(zi)料、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)術(shu)作品(pin)。博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)(guan)在展示的同時,還開展遼(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)歷史沿革(ge)、石(shi)(shi)材工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)、風格流派等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面的研(yan)(yan)究。博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)(guan)現藏精(jing)品(pin)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)近300方(fang),還有(you)國(guo)(guo)內外(wai)名硯(yan)、玉(yu)石(shi)(shi)、奇石(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)雕、木(mu)雕、貝雕,名家書(shu)法、繪畫(hua)、篆刻等(deng)(deng)其他藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)作品(pin)近千件。“群英薈萃(cui)”硯(yan),規模宏(hong)大、雕工(gong)(gong)精(jing)細,是鎮館(guan)(guan)之寶(bao)。博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)(guan)全(quan)天免(mian)費開放(fang),不定期舉辦科普講座(zuo),提供商品(pin)導購(gou)服務(wu),設有(you)參觀(guan)、會談(tan)、購(gou)物(wu)和娛樂(le)等(deng)(deng)區域,設施較為(wei)完備。館(guan)(guan)長(chang)章永軍是遼(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)第四代(dai)傳(chuan)承人,《中國(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)術(shu)全(quan)集·遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)卷》學術(shu)委員(yuan)(yuan)會委員(yuan)(yuan),中國(guo)(guo)書(shu)畫(hua)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)家協(xie)會副秘書(shu)長(chang),中國(guo)(guo)書(shu)畫(hua)研(yan)(yan)究會副秘書(shu)長(chang),中國(guo)(guo)民(min)間文(wen)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)家協(xie)會會員(yuan)(yuan),遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)省工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)術(shu)行業協(xie)會常務(wu)理事,遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)省文(wen)聯民(min)間技藝(yi)(yi)(yi)委員(yuan)(yuan)會會員(yuan)(yuan),本溪市遼(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)協(xie)會會長(chang),著名書(shu)法家,國(guo)(guo)家一級工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)技師,遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)省工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)美(mei)(mei)術(shu)大師,遼(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)(ning)省玉(yu)石(shi)(shi)、硯(yan)石(shi)(shi)鑒賞大師。
遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)源(yuan)于遼(liao)(liao)代(dai)、興(xing)于清(qing)朝、盛(sheng)于當代(dai),與端(duan)硯(yan)并稱為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)名硯(yan),是中(zhong)華文化(hua)的(de)(de)瑰寶。它以本溪地區所(suo)產的(de)(de)青云(yun)石(shi)、紫(zi)云(yun)石(shi)、木紋(wen)(wen)石(shi)和自然奇石(shi)等(deng)為(wei)(wei)原料,這些(xie)石(shi)材(cai)經(jing)上億年演變,青云(yun)石(shi)綠(lv)如碧玉、紫(zi)云(yun)石(shi)紫(zi)若沉檀、木魚石(shi)黃似金木、自然石(shi)形態奇異(yi),不(bu)僅紋(wen)(wen)理(li)清(qing)晰、色澤(ze)美觀(guan),而且質(zhi)地極為(wei)(wei)細膩、堅實(硬度為(wei)(wei)2.8-3.2),屬于抗酸(suan)、耐(nai)堿、拒腐蝕、不(bu)風化(hua)、無輻射(she)的(de)(de)優良石(shi)材(cai),素有(you)(you)“滑而不(bu)流(liu)墨,澀而不(bu)磨筆,養墨為(wei)(wei)群硯(yan)之首”的(de)(de)雅(ya)譽。遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)曾為(wei)(wei)“清(qing)宮(gong)御(yu)硯(yan)”和“大遼(liao)(liao)國(guo)硯(yan)”,現有(you)(you)89方(fang)清(qing)宮(gong)御(yu)硯(yan)在臺(tai)北故(gu)宮(gong)博(bo)物院典藏(zang)。在全國(guo)首屆杭州西湖博(bo)覽會上,遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)獲(huo)得大獎,從此被譽為(wei)(wei)“南方(fang)有(you)(you)端(duan)硯(yan),北方(fang)有(you)(you)遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)”。遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)作為(wei)(wei)遼(liao)(liao)寧“三寶”之一和本溪對外交往(wang)的(de)(de)“名片(pian)”,受到了越來越多的(de)(de)人的(de)(de)喜愛(ai)。
遼(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)獨產于中國遼(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)寧(ning)本(ben)溪,其(qi)特(te)有(you)(you)的(de)地(di)(di)質(zhi)地(di)(di)貌經上億年(nian)(nian)演(yan)變 ,形成(cheng)褐石(shi)紅(hong)和(he)(he)石(shi)青綠(lv)兩種奇石(shi),即紫(zi)云石(shi)和(he)(he)青云石(shi),此硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)素有(you)(you)“滑而(er)不(bu)流(liu)墨,澀而(er)不(bu)磨筆,養墨為群硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之首(shou)”的(de)雅譽。這為遼(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)創作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)(he)雕(diao)刻(ke)(ke)提(ti)供了極為寶(bao)(bao)貴(gui)的(de)天(tian)然資源。青藍色的(de)石(shi)材(cai)上,生有(you)(you)凡纓紫(zi)紅(hong)色的(de)紋(wen)理,似藍天(tian)紅(hong)霞凝于硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺之中,望去(qu)令人(ren)浮想聯翩(pian),文(wen)思泉涌,倍受歷代(dai)文(wen)人(ren)雅士的(de)珍(zhen)(zhen)愛。當年(nian)(nian)張學良將(jiang)軍(jun)與其(qi)蒙師白永(yong)禎和(he)(he)贊遼(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)絕句為:“關(guan)東山(shan)里奇寶(bao)(bao)開,藍天(tian)紅(hong)霞凝石(shi)材(cai)。能工巧匠雕(diao)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),珍(zhen)(zhen)品獨秀四寶(bao)(bao)齋(zhai)”。為弘揚(yang)民族文(wen)化。進一步發掘和(he)(he)發展(zhan)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)這獨具(ju)特(te)色的(de)地(di)(di)方產品,本(ben)溪市遼(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)廠精(jing)選上佳(jia)石(shi)料,廣(guang)集(ji)天(tian)下(xia)雕(diao)刻(ke)(ke)、設計人(ren)才(cai),請(qing)專家指導,開始系列的(de)遼(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)雕(diao)刻(ke)(ke),并在制作(zuo)(zuo)過程中將(jiang)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)手工藝與現代(dai)設計、古老(lao)的(de)圖案與現代(dai)科技創意相結(jie)合(he),使雕(diao)、鏤、剔、透(tou)工藝精(jing)湛(zhan),即不(bu)失傳(chuan)統(tong)美,又(you)具(ju)有(you)(you)現代(dai)氣息,使遼(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)這一中華瑰寶(bao)(bao)再度大放異彩(cai)!
發(fa)展到清(qing)朝,此(ci)奇石(shi)已不只是(shi)(shi)局限于(yu)雕(diao)刻硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)臺,還(huan)用來雕(diao)制屏風,煙盒、坐屏等欣賞(shang)和實用品,相傳(chuan)(chuan)到清(qing)代始祖努(nu)(nu)爾哈(ha)赤(chi)在一次游獵時不小心(xin)迷了路(lu),遇到一村看(kan)到青(qing)紅相間(jian)的(de)奇石(shi)鋪(pu)地、圍成院落頗有(you)一番世外桃源之感,便令(ling)隨從請來當地一位知(zhi)名老(lao)者(zhe),才知(zhi)這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)流傳(chuan)(chuan)久遠的(de)遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi),恰好(hao)此(ci)老(lao)者(zhe),擅長雕(diao)刻,家藏(zang)有(you)幾方寶(bao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),既送于(yu)老(lao)漢王,這(zhe)位馬上皇帝愛(ai)不釋(shi)手,此(ci)后,遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一度傳(chuan)(chuan)開、在努(nu)(nu)爾哈(ha)赤(chi)的(de)號令(ling)下(xia),老(lao)者(zhe)又雕(diao)琢了一座山水座屏,現藏(zang)于(yu)沈陽故宮內。1929年(nian),張學良將軍下(xia)令(ling)征(zheng)集遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),參(can)加全國首屆(jie)西湖(hu)博覽會(hui)。當時遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)名揚遐邇,與端(duan)(duan)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)齊名,并有(you)“南為端(duan)(duan)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)北為遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”的(de)稱(cheng)謂。1978年(nian)鄧小平出訪日本時,帶(dai)去四方遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),以(yi)作饋贈,被(bei)日本友人(ren)稱(cheng)作是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國的(de)“國寶(bao)”,小平高興地說“遼(liao)(liao)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國友好(hao)的(de)特(te)殊使者(zhe)”。1998年(nian)初(chu)沉睡在瓦房店市地下(xia)五(wu)、六百年(nian)的(de)一處(chu)明代貴族棺墓,被(bei)發(fa)掘出土。在大量的(de)葬品中(zhong),最引人(ren)注目的(de)是(shi)(shi)兩方雕(diao)飾槽(cao)美(mei)的(de)龍鳳(feng)硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。令(ling)人(ren)拍案驚奇的(de)是(shi)(shi),揭開硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓋,當年(nian)盛葬池間(jian)的(de)墨汁(zhi)依然能(neng)濡濕毛筆(bi)筆(bi)尖。硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底底款均刻有(you)“自云塞制硯(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”五(wu)個字洋,據(ju)專家考證,這(zhe)個“白云墓”即為今(jin)天本溪橋頭(tou)矚明代時的(de)舊稱(cheng)。