形態(tai)特征
多年生草本(ben)。根(gen)(gen)粗(cu)壯,通(tong)常(chang)直立(li),少有(you)為橫生;根(gen)(gen)頸(jing)短(duan)粗(cu),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)被多數棕(zong)褐色、膜(mo)質鱗(lin)(lin)片狀(zhuang)葉。花(hua)(hua)莖高6~30厘米(mi),其下部(bu)(bu)的葉較小,疏生,上部(bu)(bu)葉較密生,葉長(chang)(chang)圓狀(zhuang)匙(chi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)(chang)圓狀(zhuang)菱形(xing)(xing)(xing)或長(chang)(chang)圓狀(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)7~40毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)4~9毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)急尖(jian)(jian)至漸尖(jian)(jian),基部(bu)(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)上部(bu)(bu)有(you)粗(cu)牙齒,下部(bu)(bu)近(jin)全緣(yuan)。聚傘花(hua)(hua)序,密集多花(hua)(hua),寬(kuan)(kuan)1.5~2.5厘米(mi),下部(bu)(bu)托(tuo)似葉;雌雄(xiong)異株;萼片4,少有(you)5,披(pi)針(zhen)狀(zhuang)線形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)1~3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍(dun);花(hua)(hua)瓣4,尖(jian)(jian)有(you)5,淡(dan)黃色,線狀(zhuang)倒披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)2~6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍(dun);雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)中(zhong)雄(xiong)蕊8,較花(hua)(hua)瓣長(chang)(chang),花(hua)(hua)藥(yao)黃色,有(you)不發育的心(xin)皮(pi);雌花(hua)(hua)中(zhong)心(xin)皮(pi)4,花(hua)(hua)柱外彎,鱗(lin)(lin)片4,長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)1~1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)0.6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)微缺。
生長習性
生于在海拔1600-2500米的山坡林(lin)下、碎石山坡及(ji)高山凍原。
主要價值
據歷史記載,《本草綱目》把(ba)紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)(jing)天(tian)列為上品。謂:“主大(da)熱(re)火瘡(chuang),身(shen)熱(re)煩,邪惡氣”。在長白山地區,民間常用(yong)高(gao)山紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)(jing)天(tian)作(zuo)為補品和(he)(he)治療疾(ji)病之(zhi)藥(yao),用(yong)它煎水或泡酒飲(yin)用(yong)以消(xiao)除重(zhong)體力勞(lao)動帶來的(de)疲勞(lao)和(he)(he)抵抗高(gao)寒山區的(de)冬(dong)季(ji)寒冷。清朝時(shi)人們已把(ba)高(gao)山紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)(jing)天(tian)當作(zuo)強(qiang)壯劑,用(yong)于滋補強(qiang)身(shen),解除疲勞(lao),恢復元氣和(he)(he)抵御寒冷,康熙皇帝(di)曾派(pai)遣專門探險(xian)隊去(qu)尋找紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)(jing)天(tian)并向各地索取紅(hong)(hong)景(jing)(jing)天(tian)作(zuo)為貢(gong)品。
長白山(shan)紅(hong)景天(tian),又名庫頁紅(hong)景天(tian),生長在長白山(shan)海拔(ba)3500米以上地(di)帶,性寒、味甘、澀。世界上只(zhi)有部分區(qu)域(yu)適合長白山(shan)紅(hong)景天(tian)生長,主要分布在俄羅斯(si)遠東(dong)地(di)區(qu)、日本、朝鮮北部、中國(guo)東(dong)北的(de)高(gao)山(shan)地(di)帶,范圍較小。2006年7月,國(guo)家質檢總(zong)局批準對長白山(shan)紅(hong)景天(tian)實施地(di)理標志產品(pin)保(bao)護(hu),保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)域(yu)為吉(ji)林省臨江市(shi)所轄(xia)行政區(qu)域(yu)。