蘭(lan)西(xi)縣位于黑龍江省省城哈爾(er)濱略偏西(xi)北部(bu),地處松(song)嫩平(ping)原南(nan)部(bu),小興(xing)安嶺(ling)余脈拉哈崗沿呼蘭(lan)河西(xi)岸縱(zong)貫(guan)縣境南(nan)北,香瓜地理(li)標志保護的(de)區域(yu)范圍(wei)為東經126°41′10″-126°39′20″,北緯46°02′08″-46°20′20″。包括榆(yu)林鎮、紅(hong)光(guang)鄉(xiang)、蘭(lan)西(xi)鎮、奮斗鄉(xiang)和紅(hong)光(guang)鄉(xiang)五個鄉(xiang)鎮,保護區東接蘭(lan)河鄉(xiang)、長崗鄉(xiang)、臨江鎮,西(xi)鄰肇東市及蘭(lan)西(xi)縣的(de)紅(hong)星鄉(xiang)、平(ping)山鎮,南(nan)毗呼蘭(lan),北連北安鄉(xiang)。
四.產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外在(zai)感觀特征:瓜多為卵圓形,表(biao)面光(guang)滑,果肉厚約2厘(li)米,質脆味甜,清香味好(hao)。
(2)內在的(de)品質(zhi)指標(biao):果實折光(guang)含糖量高,口(kou)感好,品質(zhi)佳(jia)。富含蛋白質(zhi)、脂肪、碳水(shui)化(hua)合物(wu)、鈣、磷、鐵、胡蘿卜素、硫胺素、核黃素、尼克酸、抗壞血酸等多種營養物(wu)質(zhi),經測定,每100克含糖(以還(huan)原糖計)7.46克,高于(yu)一般的(de)香瓜,檢測無農藥(yao)殘留。
(3)安(an)全要(yao)求:蘭西香瓜嚴格按照(NY5109-2005)標準執行。
五.特定生(sheng)產方(fang)式
(1)瓜地選(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)擇(ze)通風(feng)透氣、排(pai)水(shui)良好、交通便利、土(tu)質肥沃的(de)玉(yu)米茬(cha)(cha)、谷茬(cha)(cha)、糜茬(cha)(cha)為主,其次是蔥蒜茬(cha)(cha),做到與葫(hu)蘆科作物實(shi)行(xing)五年(nian)以上輪作。
(2)品種選擇:選用抗病、抗旱(han)、優(you)質(zhi)、豐產、耐貯運、商品性好的品種,種子質(zhi)量應符合瓜菜作物種子的要(yao)求。可(ke)選用金妃、景(jing)甜1號等早熟優(you)良品種。
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)管理(li):在(zai)(zai)香瓜生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)中,種(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)理(li)、育苗移栽、病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵環節。①種(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)理(li)措施(shi)(shi)(shi) 將種(zhong)子(zi)放入(ru)(ru)55℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)浸(jin)40分鐘,不(bu)斷攪拌(ban),并(bing)保持水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)。將消毒(du)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)放在(zai)(zai)20℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)中浸(jin)泡6小時(shi)(shi)(shi),并(bing)投洗兩次(ci)(ci)(ci),洗去種(zhong)子(zi)表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘液。撈出(chu)后(hou)放入(ru)(ru)布袋中,置于25-30℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下(xia)催(cui)芽(ya),經(jing)(jing)常翻動,每(mei)(mei)天(tian)(tian)用(yong)(yong)室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)水(shui)(shui)投洗三次(ci)(ci)(ci)。 ②育苗移栽措施(shi)(shi)(shi) 采用(yong)(yong)塑料大(da)(da)棚(peng)或(huo)中棚(peng)內育苗,選擇疏松、通(tong)透性(xing)好、無污(wu)染的(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)沃(wo)土壤,每(mei)(mei)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)加(jia)磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)銨(an)0.5-1公(gong)斤(jin),混拌(ban)均勻。備好的(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)土每(mei)(mei)1000公(gong)斤(jin)加(jia)0.5公(gong)斤(jin)多菌靈混拌(ban)均勻消毒(du),裝(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)8×8厘米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苗缽中,裝(zhuang)到營養(yang)缽2/3處(chu),擺(bai)在(zai)(zai)床(chuang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)待(dai)播。當(dang)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)穩定(ding)(ding)通(tong)過5℃以上(shang)(shang)(shang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),棚(peng)內溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度達(da)10℃以上(shang)(shang)(shang)時(shi)(shi)(shi),即可(ke)播種(zhong)。出(chu)苗前,白天(tian)(tian)25-30℃,夜間(jian)(jian)16-18℃,出(chu)苗后(hou),白天(tian)(tian)20-25℃,夜間(jian)(jian)10-14℃。定(ding)(ding)植前一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周,加(jia)大(da)(da)通(tong)風,煉(lian)苗。播后(hou)苗前一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般不(bu)澆水(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)份采取(qu)見(jian)干見(jian)濕管理(li),禁(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)灌(guan)大(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)。應(ying)始終保持較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)光(guang)照條件,并(bing)能保持一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)苗是(shi)在(zai)(zai)真(zhen)(zhen)葉(xie)露心(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),留(liu)2株壯苗;第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)間(jian)(jian)苗是(shi)在(zai)(zai)2~3片真(zhen)(zhen)葉(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),留(liu)1株壯苗。定(ding)(ding)植前一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周通(tong)過適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)控(kong)制水(shui)(shui)分來(lai)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)秧苗鍛煉(lian),抑制地(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長,促進根系(xi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)育。在(zai)(zai)整地(di)(di)中,每(mei)(mei)畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)腐熟后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優質農(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)2000公(gong)斤(jin)或(huo)充分發(fa)(fa)(fa)酵后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雞糞1500公(gong)斤(jin),在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)中加(jia)入(ru)(ru)二(er)銨(an)20公(gong)斤(jin),硫酸(suan)鉀5公(gong)斤(jin),混拌(ban)均勻,結合(he)(he)整地(di)(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)(ru)垅底(di)肥(fei)(fei),這樣可(ke)保證瓜的(de)(de)(de)(de)品質。 ③強病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 采取(qu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業綜合(he)(he)措施(shi)(shi)(shi),合(he)(he)理(li)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)輪(lun)作(zuo)倒茬,減輕病害發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)作(zuo)方(fang)式是(shi)與玉米(mi)等(deng)禾本科(ke)(ke)(ke)作(zuo)物輪(lun)作(zuo),與葫蘆科(ke)(ke)(ke)作(zuo)物實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)5年(nian)以上(shang)(shang)(shang)輪(lun)作(zuo)。 加(jia)強病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害預測(ce)預報(bao),及時(shi)(shi)(shi)掌(zhang)握(wo)(wo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)口密度,發(fa)(fa)(fa)布病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害預警情報(bao);在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)開展統(tong)防(fang)(fang)統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。按照農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)安全合(he)(he)作(zuo)標準(zhun)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),積(ji)(ji)極推廣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),合(he)(he)理(li)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)遵(zun)循的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)(ze): a嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)(guo)家有(you)(you)關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding),禁(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)(gao)殘留(liu)、高(gao)(gao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物富集(ji)性(xing)、高(gao)(gao)三致(致毒(du)、致癌、致突變(bian))的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及其(qi)混配(pei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),不(bu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)未核準(zhun)登(deng)記的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。 b使(shi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),要(yao)嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)(guo)家標準(zhun)中農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)(ze)和(he)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)次(ci)(ci)(ci)數,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)經(jing)(jing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)殘留(liu)檢測(ce)合(he)(he)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。 c嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最高(gao)(gao)殘留(liu)量(liang),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)限次(ci)(ci)(ci)和(he)安全間(jian)(jian)隔期。 科(ke)(ke)(ke)學使(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法:認準(zhun)病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類,有(you)(you)針對性(xing)地(di)(di)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),掌(zhang)握(wo)(wo)病蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)律,在(zai)(zai)最佳防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期及時(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);嚴(yan)格(ge)掌(zhang)握(wo)(wo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)劑(ji)量(liang)和(he)方(fang)法,科(ke)(ke)(ke)學合(he)(he)理(li)地(di)(di)混配(pei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。 ④普及科(ke)(ke)(ke)學施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)技術(shu)(shu)(shu) 在(zai)(zai)香瓜生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產中,增(zeng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei),發(fa)(fa)(fa)展有(you)(you)機(ji)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei),注重N、P、K肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)合(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。禁(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)未經(jing)(jing)無害化(hua)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)和(he)其(qi)他有(you)(you)毒(du)肥(fei)(fei)料。肥(fei)(fei)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)及管理(li):使(shi)用(yong)(yong)商品肥(fei)(fei)料經(jing)(jing)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)人員(yuan)認可(ke),或(huo)到指(zhi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)料供應(ying)點購買(mai)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)必須符合(he)(he)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。 安全施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu):根據具(ju)體情況,調整施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang),做到經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei);嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)安全間(jian)(jian)隔期,收獲(huo)前20天(tian)(tian),禁(jin)止(zhi)(zhi)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei);推廣“控(kong)氮(dan)(dan)、穩磷(lin)、增(zeng)鉀”的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)模式。
(4)產品收獲:區(qu)外銷售(shou)7—8成熟(shu)時采(cai)摘(zhai),區(qu)內(nei)銷售(shou)的完(wan)全成熟(shu)后采(cai)收,切忌生瓜上(shang)市,采(cai)摘(zhai)前15天內(nei)嚴禁噴灑各種(zhong)防病防蟲農藥(yao)。
(5)生產記錄(lu)要(yao)求:要(yao)求農(nong)戶在(zai)種植過程中,對使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)農(nong)藥、化肥的(de)名稱、劑型規格、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)方法、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時間(jian)(jian)、每次(ci)(ci)用(yong)量、全年使(shi)(shi)用(yong)次(ci)(ci)數(shu)、末(mo)次(ci)(ci)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時間(jian)(jian)有詳細記錄(lu)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)包(bao)裝(zhuang):采用紙箱包(bao)裝(zhuang),每(mei)箱凈重(zhong)5公斤,瓜與瓜之間用網套隔離,用于包(bao)裝(zhuang)的(de)容器整潔(jie)、干燥、牢(lao)固、透氣、無(wu)(wu)污染、無(wu)(wu)異(yi)味(wei),內(nei)壁無(wu)(wu)尖突(tu)物、紙箱無(wu)(wu)受潮、了(le)層現象。
(2)標(biao)識:標(biao)志使用人(ren)應(ying)在(zai)其產品(pin)或包裝上統一使用農產品(pin)地理標(biao)志(蘭(lan)西香瓜名(ming)稱(cheng)和(he)公共標(biao)識圖案(an)組合標(biao)注(zhu)形式(shi))。
(3)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu):裝卸運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)中(zhong)應快運(yun)(yun)、輕裝輕放、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)途中(zhong)應防暴雨淋。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)散裝瓜時,運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)工具的(de)(de)底部及四周與(yu)果實接觸的(de)(de)地方(fang)應加鋪墊物(wu),以防機械損傷(shang)。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)(shu)用(yong)的(de)(de)車輛、工具、鋪墊物(wu)、防雨設施等(deng),應清潔、衛生、干燥、無(wu)污染(ran)、不得與(yu)其他有毒(du)有害物(wu)品混(hun)(hun)裝混(hun)(hun)運(yun)(yun)。
(4)貯藏:貯存時(shi)宜在(zai)通風、陰涼、清潔(jie)衛生的場所(suo)進行,堆碼整齊,防止擠(ji)壓(ya)損傷,防日(ri)曬、雨(yu)淋(lin)、有毒有害物質的污染。