一·自然(ran)生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
1、土壤地貌(mao)情況:肇(zhao)州縣(xian)(xian)位(wei)于黑龍江省(sheng)西(xi)南(nan)部(bu),松花江之北(bei),松嫩平(ping)原(yuan)腹(fu)地,背靠大慶油田,東部(bu)與肇(zhao)東市(shi)比(bi)鄰,西(xi)部(bu)與大同區(qu)交界,南(nan)部(bu)與肇(zhao)源縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤,北(bei)部(bu)與安達市(shi)相連,海拔(ba)高度在134-578米(mi)(mi)之間,平(ping)均海拔(ba)150米(mi)(mi)左右,農業(ye)(ye)區(qu)平(ping)均海拔(ba)167米(mi)(mi)左右。肇(zhao)州縣(xian)(xian)是"全國(guo)糧食生產先進(jin)縣(xian)(xian)"、"全國(guo)農業(ye)(ye)標準化示范縣(xian)(xian)"。肇(zhao)州縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)于沖擊性平(ping)原(yuan),地處(chu)世(shi)界公認的(de)第二大黃(huang)金(jin)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)帶(dai),土壤多為黑鈣土和草甸圖,其中有機(ji)質含量(liang)基本在2-4%,蓄水能力(li)強(qiang),易反(fan)潤,光(guang)照充足,熱量(liang)豐富,適宜糯玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)作物生長(chang),產出的(de)糯玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)顆粒飽滿(man),色(se)澤光(guang)亮,口(kou)感粘糯。
2、氣候(hou)特(te)征:肇州縣氣候(hou)屬中溫(wen)帶大陸性季風氣候(hou),一年四季分明,春季多風干(gan)旱(han);夏季溫(wen)熱多雨;秋季溫(wen)涼適中;冬(dong)季寒冷干(gan)燥。年均活動積溫(wen)2800℃,無霜期143天(tian)。肇州縣的氣候(hou)特(te)點是典型的水旱(han)兼(jian)作農業氣候(hou)區。
二.地域范圍
肇(zhao)(zhao)州(zhou)縣地(di)處黑龍江省西南(nan)部(bu),松花江之北(bei),松嫩平原腹地(di),背(bei)靠大慶油田(tian),東部(bu)與肇(zhao)(zhao)東市(shi)比鄰,西部(bu)與大同區交界,南(nan)部(bu)與肇(zhao)(zhao)源縣接壤,北(bei)部(bu)與安達市(shi)相連。全縣幅(fu)員面積(ji)2445平方公里,肇(zhao)(zhao)州(zhou)糯(nuo)玉米(mi)的保護區域(yu)包括(kuo)肇(zhao)(zhao)州(zhou)鎮、興城鎮、豐樂(le)鎮、永(yong)樂(le)鎮、二井子(zi)鎮、朝陽溝鎮、榆(yu)樹鄉、新福鄉、永(yong)勝鄉、雙(shuang)發鄉、托古鄉、朝陽鄉15個鄉鎮,地(di)理坐標為東經(jing)124°48′12″~125°48′03″,北(bei)緯45°35′02″~46°16′08″,地(di)域(yu)保護范圍面積(ji)222萬畝,轄區糯(nuo)玉米(mi)種植面積(ji)5.26萬畝,年產量9.25萬噸。
三.產品品質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
1、外在感官:肇(zhao)州糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)穗形粒型(xing)一致,顆粒飽滿,排列整齊(qi),口感香(xiang)粘柔嫩(nen)微(wei)甜,色(se)澤(ze)晶瑩(ying)透亮,可蒸熟(shu)、煮熟(shu)、烤(kao)熟(shu)食用。成熟(shu)脫粒后的(de)糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)顆粒飽滿,米(mi)(mi)質晶瑩(ying)。
2、內在品質指標:肇(zhao)州(zhou)糯玉(yu)米(mi)(鮮食)粗(cu)(cu)蛋白含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)4%,粗(cu)(cu)脂肪含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)小于(yu)(yu)3%,支(zhi)鏈(lian)淀粉含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)90%,每100克(ke)(ke)維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素B2含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.1毫(hao)克(ke)(ke),鈣(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)2毫(hao)克(ke)(ke),鎂含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)50毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)。肇(zhao)州(zhou)糯玉(yu)米(mi)(成品)粗(cu)(cu)蛋白含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)8%,粗(cu)(cu)脂肪含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)小于(yu)(yu)5%,支(zhi)鏈(lian)淀粉含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)90%,每100克(ke)(ke)維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)素B2含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)0.02毫(hao)克(ke)(ke),鈣(gai)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)4毫(hao)克(ke)(ke),鎂含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)80毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)。
3、成熟籽粒品(pin)質:成熟脫粒后的(de)(de)糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)顆粒飽滿,米(mi)(mi)質晶瑩。4、安全(quan)(quan)要求:肇州糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)符(fu)合(he)(he)國(guo)家(jia)《食(shi)品(pin)安全(quan)(quan)國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準食(shi)品(pin)中(zhong)農藥最(zui)大殘留限量》(GB 2763-2014)和(he)(he)《食(shi)品(pin)安全(quan)(quan)國(guo)家(jia)標(biao)準食(shi)品(pin)中(zhong)污染物限量》(GB2762-2012)。5、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)標(biao)識等相關規定(ding):產品(pin)在(zai)運輸過程中(zhong)運輸工具應(ying)(ying)清潔、干(gan)燥、有(you)(you)(you)(you)防(fang)雨(yu)設施(shi)。嚴禁與有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)腐(fu)蝕性、有(you)(you)(you)(you)異味的(de)(de)物品(pin)混(hun)運。在(zai)避光、常溫、干(gan)燥和(he)(he)有(you)(you)(you)(you)防(fang)潮設施(shi)的(de)(de)地方貯藏(zang)。貯藏(zang)設施(shi)應(ying)(ying)清潔、干(gan)燥、通(tong)風(feng)、無蟲害(hai)和(he)(he)鼠害(hai)。嚴禁與有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒、有(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)腐(fu)蝕性、易發(fa)霉、發(fa)潮、有(you)(you)(you)(you)異味的(de)(de)物品(pin)混(hun)存。包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)市場流通(tong)產品(pin)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關規定(ding),正確規范地使用(yong)標(biao)志。
四.特定生產方式
1、整地(di)(di)及(ji)保護(hu)性(xing)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo):1.1、整地(di)(di):1.1.1、秋(qiu)翻秋(qiu)整地(di)(di):2-3年(nian)(nian)輪翻一(yi)(yi)次,或(huo)采(cai)用(yong)深(shen)松措(cuo)施(shi)(深(shen)度(du)35-40cm)。前作(zuo)(zuo)收獲后(hou),及(ji)時(shi)滅茬(cha)(cha)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)秋(qiu)翻,做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到根(gen)茬(cha)(cha)翻埋良(liang)好(hao),耕(geng)深(shen)18-25cm,耕(geng)后(hou)及(ji)時(shi)耙、壓,注意保墑(di),在(zai)秋(qiu)季(ji)達到可播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。1.1.2、秋(qiu)翻春(chun)整地(di)(di) 秋(qiu)翻地(di)(di),待(dai)土壤(rang)化(hua)凍15cm左右(you)時(shi),就要耙、耢、起壟(long)(long)(long)(long)、鎮(zhen)壓,達到待(dai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。1.1.3、低洼地(di)(di)塊 最(zui)好(hao)是秋(qiu)打(da)壟(long)(long)(long)(long),便于曬垡(fa)散水(shui)。1.1.4、頂漿打(da)壟(long)(long)(long)(long) 春(chun)季(ji)土壤(rang)化(hua)凍15cm深(shen)時(shi),在(zai)已(yi)清除根(gen)茬(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)塊上實行(xing)(xing)三犁成(cheng)壟(long)(long)(long)(long),深(shen)施(shi)底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei),隨打(da)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)、隨鎮(zhen)壓,以待(dai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1.2、保護(hu)性(xing)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo):1.2.1、寬(kuan)(kuan)窄行(xing)(xing)交(jiao)互(hu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植 在(zai)耕(geng)層較(jiao)深(shen)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區,把原(yuan)65cm行(xing)(xing)距兩行(xing)(xing)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)帶,改(gai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)40和90cm寬(kuan)(kuan)窄行(xing)(xing)。第一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)在(zai)40cm窄行(xing)(xing)上種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩行(xing)(xing)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi),夏季(ji)在(zai)90cm寬(kuan)(kuan)行(xing)(xing)距內深(shen)松25cm-35cm,幅寬(kuan)(kuan)50cm-60cm,秋(qiu)季(ji)兩行(xing)(xing)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)留(liu)高茬(cha)(cha)60cm-70cm。第二(er)年(nian)(nian)在(zai)原(yuan)90cm的(de)(de)寬(kuan)(kuan)行(xing)(xing)距深(shen)松帶上播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雙行(xing)(xing)糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi),行(xing)(xing)距40cm。原(yuan)留(liu)高茬(cha)(cha)地(di)(di)方成(cheng)為(wei)90cm寬(kuan)(kuan)行(xing)(xing),夏季(ji)(6月下旬(xun))深(shen)松、滅茬(cha)(cha)、就地(di)(di)腐熟還田(tian)。1.2.2、壟(long)(long)(long)(long)冊保護(hu)性(xing)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei) 在(zai)土壤(rang)耕(geng)較(jiao)薄、風蝕較(jiao)重的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區,采(cai)用(yong)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)(ce)保護(hu)性(xing)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)技術。保留(liu)秋(qiu)季(ji)根(gen)茬(cha)(cha),播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法有兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。一(yi)(yi)是人(ren)工(gong)等(deng)距點播(bo)(bo)(bo)。平地(di)(di)(壟(long)(long)(long)(long)距較(jiao)窄的(de)(de))第一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)采(cai)取該栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)方式的(de)(de)地(di)(di)塊,可在(zai)原(yuan)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)靠(kao)近另一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)(ce)處先淺穿(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)(yi)犁,施(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei),做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)到化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)深(shen)施(shi),然后(hou)在(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)(ce)深(shen)穿(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)(yi)犁起壟(long)(long)(long)(long),用(yong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器人(ren)工(gong)精量播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),同時(shi)施(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)口肥(fei)(fei),覆土并(bing)腳踩鎮(zhen)壓保墑(di)。坡地(di)(di)或(huo)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)距較(jiao)寬(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)可先在(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)施(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei),然后(hou)直(zhi)接(jie)在(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)(ce)深(shen)穿(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)(yi)犁起壟(long)(long)(long)(long),用(yong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)器播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、覆土;二(er)是跟犁種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)老(lao)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)施(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei),在(zai)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)(ce)穿(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)(yi)犁破茬(cha)(cha)后(hou)跟犁種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),并(bing)施(shi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)口肥(fei)(fei),最(zui)后(hou)在(zai)同一(yi)(yi)壟(long)(long)(long)(long)側(ce)(ce)(ce)深(shen)穿(chuan)(chuan)一(yi)(yi)犁,掏墑(di)覆土,單磙鎮(zhen)壓。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)進行(xing)(xing)苗帶封閉除草。1.2.3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)區域進行(xing)(xing)隔離,防止花粉污染降低糯(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)品質。
2、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)適區選(xuan)(xuan)擇及種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)理:2.1、品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇:根據當地的(de)(de)自然條(tiao)件,因地制(zhi)宜地選(xuan)(xuan)用經國家(jia)(jia)和(he)省品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)審定委員會審定通過(guo)的(de)(de)淀粉含量在72%的(de)(de)優質、高產、抗逆(ni)性強的(de)(de)優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)——黃糯玉(yu)(yu)米、紫花(hua)糯玉(yu)(yu)米,水肥(fei)條(tiao)件好(hao)的(de)(de)地塊以耐(nai)密(mi)和(he)半耐(nai)密(mi)型品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為主(zhu)。2.2、種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質量:種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)選(xuan)(xuan)用達到或超過(guo)國家(jia)(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)標準(zhun)、適合當地條(tiao)件的(de)(de)優質種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。2.3、種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)理:2.3.1、曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong) 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前3d-5d選(xuan)(xuan)無風晴天(tian)把種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)攤(tan)開在干(gan)燥向陽(yang)處(chu)曬(shai)2d-3d。 2.3.2、種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包衣(yi) 根據各地病(bing)害蟲害發生情況,針對(dui)不同(tong)防治對(dui)象,播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)前選(xuan)(xuan)用相(xiang)應的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)劑進行種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包衣(yi),防治地下害蟲及黑穗病(bing)。
3、播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong):3.1、播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)期:當(dang)耕(geng)(geng)層5cm深處地(di)(di)溫穩(wen)定通過(guo)6-8℃、土(tu)壤耕(geng)(geng)層含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)在20%左右,即可播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。當(dang)土(tu)壤含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)低于(yu)18%時(shi),可在地(di)(di)溫穩(wen)定通過(guo)5℃時(shi)搶(qiang)(qiang)墑播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。最佳播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)期要(yao)隨(sui)春(chun)季(ji)土(tu)壤墑情(qing)適當(dang)調整,干(gan)旱(han)年份可提前搶(qiang)(qiang)墑播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),多雨年份可適當(dang)推(tui)遲播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),以確(que)保全苗。3.2、播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa):3.2.1、機械播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong) 采用大型播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機或小型單機播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)深3cm-4cm,播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)深淺一(yi)致,覆土(tu)均勻。當(dang)土(tu)壤含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)不足18%搶(qiang)(qiang)墑播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi),采取深開(kai)溝(gou),淺覆土(tu),重(zhong)鎮(zhen)壓(ya),把種(zhong)(zhong)子播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)到濕土(tu)上。3.2.2、人(ren)工播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong) 人(ren)工刨坑(keng)或機械開(kai)溝(gou)人(ren)工點播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的地(di)(di)塊(kuai),要(yao)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)均勻,覆土(tu)均勻,把種(zhong)(zhong)子種(zhong)(zhong)到濕土(tu),播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后視墑鎮(zhen)壓(ya)。3.2.3、坐水(shui)(shui)種(zhong)(zhong):適用于(yu)春(chun)季(ji)干(gan)旱(han)嚴重(zhong)的地(di)(di)區。開(kai)溝(gou)補水(shui)(shui)后再播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。
4、間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong):應增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)糯玉米種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)行(xing)上的密度。即(ji)2:1(2:0)間(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)的糯玉米行(xing)上種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)密度比(bi)該(gai)品種(zhong)(zhong)清種(zhong)(zhong)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)50%;3:1的增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)35%;4:1的增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)30%。
5、施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):嚴格執行肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)合理使用(yong)(yong)準則(ze);根據(ju)糯玉米(mi)生長需要平衡施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),施用(yong)(yong)經過無害化處(chu)理的秸稈有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及配合施用(yong)(yong)配比合理的無機(ji)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原則(ze):以2000kg/畝有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)(zhu),輔(fu)以其它(ta)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao);以多元(yuan)復合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)(zhu),單元(yuan)素肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)為輔(fu);以施基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主(zhu)(zhu),追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為輔(fu);盡量限(xian)制化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施用(yong)(yong);及時做好肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)(liao)使用(yong)(yong)的田間檔案(an)記(ji)錄;不施用(yong)(yong)城(cheng)市生活(huo)垃圾肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。
6、田間管(guan)理:6.1、查(cha)田補(bu)種(zhong)(zhong):播種(zhong)(zhong)后及(ji)時(shi)查(cha)種(zhong)(zhong)、查(cha)芽,對壞種(zhong)(zhong)、壞芽的應及(ji)時(shi)催芽坐(zuo)水補(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)。6.2、間、定(ding)(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao):幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)3葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)間苗(miao)(miao)(miao),4葉(xie)(xie)-5葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)定(ding)(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。留大苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)、齊(qi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),不(bu)要求等(deng)距,但要按單(dan)位面積保苗(miao)(miao)(miao)密度留足苗(miao)(miao)(miao),可(ke)多留一(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),留作追(zhui)肥前去掉弱、小(xiao)、病(bing)、雜苗(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)備用(yong)(yong)(yong),以保證(zheng)定(ding)(ding)足苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。6.3、鏟(chan)趟:及(ji)時(shi)鏟(chan)趟,鏟(chan)前深趟一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁。除免(mian)耕(geng)地塊(kuai)外,當幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)長到2葉(xie)(xie)-3葉(xie)(xie)時(shi),進(jin)行(xing)鏟(chan)前深趟一(yi)(yi)(yi)犁,追(zhui)肥后趟地封垅(long)。6.4、病(bing)、蟲(chong)、草(cao)、鼠防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):6.4.1、人工(gong)除草(cao)。6.4.2、大斑(ban)病(bing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌(jun)靈可(ke)濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)500倍液(ye),或(huo)(huo)50%退菌(jun)特可(ke)濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)800倍液(ye)等(deng)藥劑(ji),于糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)雄花期(qi)噴1次-2次,每(mei)隔10d-15d噴一(yi)(yi)(yi)次。6.4.3、小(xiao)斑(ban)病(bing)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi) 發病(bing)初期(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)0%多菌(jun)靈可(ke)濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)500倍液(ye),或(huo)(huo)65%代森錳鋅可(ke)濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)500倍液(ye)等(deng)藥劑(ji),從心葉(xie)(xie)末期(qi)到抽(chou)雄期(qi),每(mei)7d噴1次,連續噴2次-3次。6.4.4、粘蟲(chong) 6月(yue)中、下旬(xun)(xun)至7月(yue)上旬(xun)(xun),如(ru)平(ping)均每(mei)株有一(yi)(yi)(yi)頭粘蟲(chong),畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)2.5%功夫乳油(you)或(huo)(huo)20%速滅(mie)(mie)殺丁乳油(you)20ml兌(dui)水30kg噴霧(wu),把粘蟲(chong)消滅(mie)(mie)在(zai)(zai)三齡(ling)之前。6.4.5、玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)螟:6.4.5.1、白(bai)僵(jiang)菌(jun) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)螟化蛹(yong)前,對糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)和高粱秸、茬垛,每(mei)平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)白(bai)僵(jiang)菌(jun)75g-100g和10倍的細土(tu)(或(huo)(huo)滑石粉(fen))拌勻(yun),噴粉(fen)封垛;或(huo)(huo)在(zai)(zai)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)放(fang)(fang)螟羽化盛期(qi)每(mei)立方(fang)米(mi)插(cha)2根(gen)-3根(gen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)50%敵敵畏(wei)乳油(you)浸泡的高粱稈(gan)熏殺羽化成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)。6.4.5.2、高壓(ya)汞(gong)燈捕殺 在(zai)(zai)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)產區村屯的開闊地(距房屋15m以上),每(mei)16公頃糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)田設(she)置一(yi)(yi)(yi)盞高壓(ya)汞(gong)燈,一(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)6月(yue)中下旬(xun)(xun)開燈,7月(yue)末關燈,每(mei)晚(wan)8點半(ban)開燈,早4點關燈。6.4.5.3、赤眼蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi) 在(zai)(zai)6月(yue)初-7月(yue)10日,剖(pou)稈(gan)調查(cha),當糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)螟化蛹(yong)率(lv)大20%時(shi),后推11d為第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次放(fang)(fang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)適期(qi),公頃放(fang)(fang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)10.5萬(wan)頭。隔5d-7d再放(fang)(fang)第二次,放(fang)(fang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)12.0萬(wan)頭,兩次共計放(fang)(fang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)22.5萬(wan)頭。放(fang)(fang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)方(fang)法:每(mei)公頃選15個-30個點,將蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)卡固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)植(zhi)株中部葉(xie)(xie)片背面。
7、產品收獲:8月15日前收獲鮮糯玉(yu)(yu)米,9月26日收獲成熟(shu)的糯玉(yu)(yu)米籽粒。
8、生產記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)求:要(yao)做好(hao)生產全過(guo)程(cheng)的記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu),包括(kuo):種子、化肥、農藥的購銷(xiao)、使用(yong)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu),粘糯玉米銷(xiao)售(shou)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)等,記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)完整、真(zhen)實,保存兩年以上,投入品使用(yong)記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)真(zhen)實反映原料生產全過(guo)程(cheng)。凡無投入品記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄(lu)的,協(xie)會不負責銷(xiao)售(shou)。
五.包(bao)裝標識相關規定
1、符(fu)合下列條(tiao)件的單位和個人,可(ke)以(yi)向(xiang)登(deng)記證書持有人申請使用(yong)農產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志:
(1)生產(chan)經(jing)營的農產(chan)品產(chan)自登記地域范(fan)圍。
(2)已取(qu)得(de)登記農產品(pin)相關的(de)生產經營資質。
(3)能夠嚴(yan)格按照規定的(de)質(zhi)量技術(shu)規范組織(zhi)生產經(jing)營(ying)活動(dong)。
(4)具有地(di)理標志農產品市場開發經營能(neng)力。
(5)使用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志(zhi),應(ying)當按(an)照生產(chan)經營年度(du)與登記證書持有人簽訂農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志(zhi)使用(yong)協(xie)議,在協(xie)議中載明使用(yong)數量、范圍及相關(guan)的(de)責任義務
2、農產品地理(li)標志使(shi)用人享有以(yi)下權利(li):
(1)可以在產(chan)品及其包(bao)裝統一使用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志(zhi)。
(2)可以使(shi)用登記的農產品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)進行(xing)宣(xuan)傳和參加展(zhan)覽(lan)、展(zhan)示和展(zhan)銷。
3、農產(chan)品地理(li)標志使用(yong)人應當履行(xing)以(yi)下義務:
(1)自覺接(jie)受(shou)登記(ji)證(zheng)書(shu)持(chi)有人的監督檢查。
(2)保證地理標志農產品的(de)品質和信譽。
(3)正確規范地(di)使用農產品地(di)理標志(zhi)。
(4)地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)的(de)生產經營者,應當建立(li)質量(liang)控(kong)制追溯體系,農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)持有人和標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)人,對地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)的(de)質量(liang)和信譽負責。
(5)任何單位和個(ge)人不得偽造、冒用農產品(pin)地(di)理標志和登記證書(shu)。
(6)鼓勵單位和個人(ren)對農(nong)產品地理(li)標志進行社會監督。