一.產品介紹
貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)云(yun)霧(wu)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產于(yu)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)云(yun)霧(wu)鎮云(yun)霧(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan),云(yun)霧(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州省貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)南,為苗嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈主峰,海拔1583.6m,是(shi)烏、沅、盤三(san)江分水嶺(ling),山(shan)(shan)(shan)多危峰峭壁、云(yun)霧(wu)彌漫(man),故名(ming)云(yun)霧(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。《康熙(xi)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州通志(zhi)》記(ji)載(zai):“黔(qian)省各屬皆產茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)云(yun)霧(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)最(zui)有(you)(you)名(ming)。”“隋置賓化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)于(yu)大平(ping)伐司……唐貞觀間移故賓化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”“長(chang)官司土官來(lai)(lai)朝(chao)(chao),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)(ma)及(ji)方(fang)物(wu)”。在史(shi)書記(ji)載(zai)中,貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)上(shang)向(xiang)歷(li)(li)(li)代(dai)皇(huang)帝進獻貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)(ma)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)物(wu)”的(de)記(ji)載(zai)很(hen)多。到明(ming)朝(chao)(chao)就更多而(er)(er)詳細:《明(ming)實(shi)(shi)(shi)錄太祖洪武實(shi)(shi)(shi)錄》146、230卷中記(ji)載(zai):“洪武十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)六(liu)月辛卯(1382年(nian)(nian))新添、大平(ping)伐、小平(ping)伐土酋俱來(lai)(lai)朝(chao)(chao)……詔(zhao)賜(si)文綺(qi)帛各五(wu)匹,鈔二(er)十錠。”“土官盧朝(chao)(chao)奉來(lai)(lai)朝(chao)(chao),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)(ma)及(ji)方(fang)物(wu)。”僅(jin)在《明(ming)實(shi)(shi)(shi)錄》所記(ji)載(zai)其(qi)(qi)276年(nian)(nian)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)中,貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)上(shang)的(de)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)馬(ma)(ma)及(ji)方(fang)物(wu)”就有(you)(you)27處(chu)記(ji)載(zai)。《乾隆貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州通志(zhi)》、《續遵義府(fu)志(zhi)》又記(ji)載(zai):“云(yun)霧(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州茗品之(zhi)冠,歲以充貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”即每(mei)年(nian)(nian)都要進貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)給(gei)朝(chao)(chao)廷。而(er)(er)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)給(gei)皇(huang)家的(de)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)數(shu)量與折銀數(shu)量都記(ji)得清(qing)楚:“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)芽(ya)伍拾(shi)叁斤壹拾(shi)壹兩(liang)陸(lu)錢(qian)伍厘。” 清(qing)乾隆五(wu)十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1870年(nian)(nian))以官府(fu)批文而(er)(er)刻的(de)《云(yun)霧(wu)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碑》,碑云(yun):“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)數(shu)舉茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)斛及(ji)其(qi)(qi)余所派之(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),準行停止,以免采(cai)辦之(zhi)累;撥(bo)銀肆(si)百貳兩(liang),收后發交殷實(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)戶(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)復(fu)。再(zai)年(nian)(nian)購辦該處(chu)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。”碑文中兩(liang)處(chu)有(you)(you)“貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”二(er)字是(shi)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)見證。清(qing)光緒三(san)十年(nian)(nian)、三(san)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1904—1905年(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州巡撫林紹年(nian)(nian)向(xiang)朝(chao)(chao)廷貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha):“貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)芽(ya)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)皇(huang)上(shang)一(yi)匣,貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)老(lao)佛(fo)爺一(yi)匣。”這(zhe)(zhe)段文字抄自(zi)中國第一(yi)檔案館藏《清(qing)宮秘檔》。 1997年(nian)(nian),有(you)(you)關人(ren)(ren)士將明(ming)代(dai)高(gao)僧,陽寶山(shan)(shan)(shan)白云(yun)長(chang)老(lao)“采(cai)自(zi)云(yun)霧(wu)之(zhi)巔(dian)”,而(er)(er)培育的(de)白云(yun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)請國際(ji)名(ming)人(ren)(ren)、中國佛(fo)教協會會長(chang)趙樸初品嘗(chang)后,趙老(lao)覺(jue)得“其(qi)(qi)味清(qing)香(xiang)味永”而(er)(er)問此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)來(lai)(lai)歷(li)(li)(li),當他得知傳說(shuo)有(you)(you)古代(dai)高(gao)僧靈藥禪師得此茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)沏泡,“揭蓋時熱氣(qi)上(shang)升(sheng)幻化(hua)為佛(fo)像而(er)(er)拜之(zhi)”的(de)故事后,親筆題寫“佛(fo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”兩(liang)大字。 同(tong)屬苗嶺(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)斗蓬山(shan)(shan)(shan),是(shi)黔(qian)南原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)保護區,在山(shan)(shan)(shan)腰海拔1400-1600米(mi)的(de)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)境(jing)內茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan)(shan)寨、丫口寨附近,至今仍保留有(you)(you)許多古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹,直徑最(zui)大的(de)有(you)(you)48cm,最(zui)小的(de)19.5cm。有(you)(you)上(shang)千年(nian)(nian)的(de)、也有(you)(you)600多年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹,曾(ceng)經采(cai)摘到貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州省茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)科所化(hua)驗,實(shi)(shi)(shi)屬野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)古茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹。除此之(zhi)外(wai),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境(jing)內有(you)(you)8座(zuo)大山(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)叫茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan)(shan),仍有(you)(you)400多年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)栽培的(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹遺存,這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)佐證了(le)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)產歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌(mao):貴定(ding)縣(xian)(xian)分(fen)布最(zui)(zui)廣的(de)(de)是(shi)巖溶(rong)地(di)貌(mao),由于(yu)(yu)溶(rong)蝕作用,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)分(fen)為(wei)六(liu)個中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小(xiao)型(xing)地(di)貌(mao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing):一(yi)是(shi)西北部(bu)(bu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)淺切(qie)(qie)割峰叢低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)約315平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)19.29%。海(hai)(hai)拔以(yi)(yi)(yi)1000—1200米(mi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),1000米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)河谷(gu)有(you)(you)(you)25平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),1400米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)有(you)(you)(you)13平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),合計占本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)12.06%。二是(shi)東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)淺切(qie)(qie)割緩丘高原區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)約 200平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)12.06%,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),海(hai)(hai)拔在1400米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布于(yu)(yu)東(dong)部(bu)(bu),寬而連(lian)片,達60平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),成(cheng)為(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)貌(mao)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)。三是(shi)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)夾層巖中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)切(qie)(qie)割低(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji) 250平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)15.31%。海(hai)(hai)拔 1400米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)(you)60平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)左右,1700米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)多處(chu)分(fen)布,成(cheng)為(wei)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)最(zui)(zui)高峻(jun)的(de)(de)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。四是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)、西南(nan)部(bu)(bu)河谷(gu)沖積(ji)(ji)(ji)槽谷(gu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達430平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)26.33%,海(hai)(hai)拔以(yi)(yi)(yi)1000—1200米(mi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。五是(shi)西部(bu)(bu)峰叢淺切(qie)(qie)割低(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)約88平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)5.39%,為(wei)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)縣(xian)(xian)最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)的(de)(de)一(yi)個地(di)貌(mao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),海(hai)(hai)拔以(yi)(yi)(yi)1200—1400米(mi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。六(liu)是(shi)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)砂(sha)頁巖中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)切(qie)(qie)割低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)約為(wei)350平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)21.43%,海(hai)(hai)拔以(yi)(yi)(yi)1000—1200米(mi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),1000米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)深(shen)切(qie)(qie)河谷(gu)為(wei) 58平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)要為(wei)黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)、水(shui)稻土(tu),成(cheng)土(tu)母質為(wei)黃(huang)灰(hui)色頁巖,砂(sha)礫(li)質壤(rang)(rang)土(tu),土(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou),一(yi)般達80cm,PH4.5—6.0,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機質、氮(dan)、磷、鉀含(han)量比較豐(feng)富。有(you)(you)(you)機質達5.63%—18.87%,含(han)氮(dan)0.3306%—0.8703%,速(su)效磷1.75—4.5mg/千(qian)克(ke),速(su)效鉀121.50—180.00mg/千(qian)克(ke)。總(zong)體(ti)上(shang)(shang)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)深(shen)厚(hou)、疏松肥沃,保肥能力較強(qiang)。
(2)水(shui)文情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang):本縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)河流(liu)屬兩大(da)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)三個水(shui)系(xi),以縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)的(de)云霧山為分(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling),以北為長江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu),以南為珠(zhu)江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)。屬于長江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)面(mian)積(ji)為1229.8平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)(li)(li),其中(zhong)屬于烏江(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)的(de)面(mian)積(ji)為1179平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)(li)(li),屬于沅江(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)的(de)面(mian)積(ji)為 50.8平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)(li)(li),分(fen)別(bie)占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)72.28%和3.12%;屬于珠(zhu)江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)紅水(shui)河水(shui)系(xi)的(de)面(mian)積(ji)401.2平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)(li)(li),占全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)24.6%。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有中(zhong)、小(xiao)河流(liu)144條(tiao),總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)長728.4公里(li)(li)(li)(li)。河網(wang)密度平(ping)均每平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)(li)(li)0.446公里(li)(li)(li)(li)。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內(nei)河流(liu)長度10公里(li)(li)(li)(li)以上、集雨(yu)面(mian)積(ji)20平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)(li)(li)以上的(de)有24條(tiao),總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)長為419.1公里(li)(li)(li)(li),占河流(liu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)長的(de)57.54%。地下(xia)水(shui):縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內(nei)地下(xia)水(shui)較豐富,估算全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)年產地下(xia)水(shui)共0.89億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)年總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)水(shui)量達(da)19.15億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境內(nei)無(wu)污染型(xing)工業企(qi)業,小(xiao)型(xing)企(qi)業污染物做到了達(da)標排(pai)放,因而(er)水(shui)體質(zhi)量狀況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)穩定。 水(shui)是(shi)貴定的(de)精靈、是(shi)貴定的(de)氣質(zhi),是(shi)在(zai)完(wan)好的(de)植(zhi)被狀況(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)下(xia)經過無(wu)數植(zhi)物和地墁(man)浸透和過濾(lv)出來(lai)的(de)天然礦(kuang)泉水(shui),非常適(shi)合人、畜引用。水(shui)質(zhi)清澈、純凈。是(shi)理想的(de)工農業生(sheng)產和生(sheng)活用水(shui),
(3)氣候(hou)情(qing)況(kuang):氣候(hou)溫和、雨量(liang)充沛,是典型(xing)的(de)亞(ya)熱(re)帶氣候(hou),年均溫度15℃。光能(neng)資(zi)源:年日照(zhao)數在677.4一1067.6小時,日照(zhao)率為15—24%。降水量(liang):年降雨量(liang)多(duo)在1100—1200毫米之間。季(ji)(ji)節(jie)的(de)分布是,春季(ji)(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)30.8%,夏季(ji)(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)42.4%,秋季(ji)(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)21.22%,冬季(ji)(ji)占(zhan)(zhan)5.6%。年均相對濕度80%,無霜期300—340天,基本無霜凍危害。生物資(zi)源種類(lei)較多(duo),獨特的(de)寡日照(zhao)和多(duo)霧氣候(hou)資(zi)源非常適合于貴定(ding)云霧貢茶的(de)種植。
(4)人(ren)(ren)文歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)情況(kuang):貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產于(yu)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)鎮(zhen)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(見(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)3),云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)南,為(wei)苗嶺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈主峰,海(hai)拔1583.6m,是烏(wu)、沅、盤三江分水(shui)嶺,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)多(duo)危峰峭(qiao)壁、云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)彌漫,故(gu)名云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)一村(cun)名為(wei)鳥王村(cun),鳥王村(cun)由十(shi)(shi)八個山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨聚(ju)居(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苗族(海(hai)葩苗)組(zu)成,他們世(shi)世(shi)代(dai)(dai)代(dai)(dai)生(sheng)息在云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),并茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)創制出云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(見(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)3)。 《康熙貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)通志》記載:“黔(qian)省各(ge)屬皆產茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)最(zui)有(you)名。”“隋置(zhi)賓(bin)化縣(xian)于(yu)大(da)平(ping)(ping)伐(fa)司……唐(tang)貞觀間移(yi)故(gu)賓(bin)化縣(xian)”“長官(guan)司土官(guan)來朝,貢(gong)(gong)馬及方物(wu)”。指隋朝開皇(huang)元年(nian)(nian)(公元581年(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)最(zui)早建賓(bin)化縣(xian)(賓(bin)化訛為(wei)平(ping)(ping)伐(fa)有(you)注釋)土官(guan)向皇(huang)帝“貢(gong)(gong)方物(wu)”指地方特產物(wu)品即云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。 在史(shi)(shi)(shi)書(shu)記載中(zhong)(zhong),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)向歷代(dai)(dai)皇(huang)帝進獻貢(gong)(gong)馬貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)方物(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)記載很多(duo)。到(dao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)朝就更多(duo)而(er)(er)(er)詳細:《明(ming)(ming)(ming)實(shi)錄太(tai)祖洪(hong)武(wu)實(shi)錄》146、230卷中(zhong)(zhong)記載:“洪(hong)武(wu)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)六月辛卯(mao)(1382年(nian)(nian))新添(tian)、大(da)平(ping)(ping)伐(fa)、小平(ping)(ping)伐(fa)土酋俱來朝……詔賜文綺帛各(ge)五(wu)匹,鈔二十(shi)(shi)錠(ding)。”“土官(guan)盧朝奉(feng)來朝,貢(gong)(gong)馬及方物(wu)。”僅在《明(ming)(ming)(ming)實(shi)錄》所記載其(qi)(qi)276年(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“貢(gong)(gong)馬及方物(wu)”就有(you)27處記載。《乾隆貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)通志》、《續(xu)遵義府志》又記載:“云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)茗品之(zhi)冠,歲以(yi)充(chong)貢(gong)(gong)”即每年(nian)(nian)都要進貢(gong)(gong)給(gei)(gei)朝廷。而(er)(er)(er)每年(nian)(nian)給(gei)(gei)皇(huang)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)數量與折(zhe)銀數量都記得(de)清楚(chu):“茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)芽伍拾(shi)叁斤壹拾(shi)壹兩陸(lu)錢伍厘。” 清乾隆五(wu)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1870年(nian)(nian))以(yi)官(guan)府批文而(er)(er)(er)刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)《云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)碑(bei)(bei)》,碑(bei)(bei)云(yun)(yun):“貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)數舉(ju)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)斛及其(qi)(qi)余(yu)所派之(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha),準行停止(zhi),以(yi)免采辦之(zhi)累;撥銀肆百(bai)貳兩,收(shou)后(hou)發交殷(yin)實(shi)之(zhi)戶生(sheng)復。再年(nian)(nian)購(gou)辦該處貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。”碑(bei)(bei)文中(zhong)(zhong)兩處有(you)“貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”二字是歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)物(wu)見(jian)證(zheng)(zheng)(見(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)4)。清光緒三十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)、三十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1904—1905年(nian)(nian))貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)巡(xun)撫林(lin)紹年(nian)(nian)向朝廷貢(gong)(gong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha):“貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)芽,貢(gong)(gong)皇(huang)上(shang)(shang)一匣,貢(gong)(gong)老佛爺一匣。”這段(duan)文字抄自(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)第一檔案(an)館藏《清宮秘檔》(見(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)5)。 1997年(nian)(nian),有(you)關人(ren)(ren)士將明(ming)(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)高(gao)僧(seng),陽寶山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)白云(yun)(yun)長老“采自(zi)云(yun)(yun)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)巔”,而(er)(er)(er)培育的(de)(de)(de)(de)白云(yun)(yun)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)請國(guo)際名人(ren)(ren)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛教(jiao)協會(hui)會(hui)長趙樸初品嘗后(hou),趙老覺得(de)“其(qi)(qi)味清香味永”而(er)(er)(er)問此(ci)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)來歷,當他得(de)知傳說有(you)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)高(gao)僧(seng)靈(ling)藥(yao)禪師(shi)得(de)此(ci)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)沏泡,“揭蓋時熱氣(qi)上(shang)(shang)升幻化為(wei)佛像而(er)(er)(er)拜(bai)之(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)事后(hou),親筆題寫“佛茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”兩大(da)字(見(jian)附(fu)件(jian)(jian)6)。 同(tong)屬苗嶺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)(de)(de)斗蓬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),是黔(qian)南原(yuan)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保護區,在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰(yao)海(hai)拔1400-1600米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)境內茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨、丫口(kou)寨附(fu)近,至今(jin)仍保留有(you)許多(duo)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(附(fu)件(jian)(jian)7),直徑最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)48cm,最(zui)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)19.5cm。,有(you)上(shang)(shang)千年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、也(ye)有(you)600多(duo)年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹,曾(ceng)經(jing)采摘到(dao)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)科所化驗(yan),實(shi)屬野生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹。除(chu)此(ci)之(zhi)外,貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)縣(xian)境內有(you)8座大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名叫茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),仍有(you)400多(duo)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)工栽(zai)培的(de)(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹遺存(cun),這一實(shi)物(wu)佐證(zheng)(zheng)了貴(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉生(sheng)產歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)。
三.地域范圍
貴(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)云(yun)(yun)霧貢茶分布(bu)于(yu)貴(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)縣所轄行(xing)政區(qu)內的二十個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),貴(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)縣位于(yu)貴(gui)州省中(zhong)部(bu)。地(di)理坐標(biao)為地(di)處東經106°59′-107°22′,北緯26°05′-26°47′,包括:云(yun)(yun)霧鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鐵廠鄉(xiang)(xiang)、抱管(guan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、昌明鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、猴場堡(bao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、巖下鄉(xiang)(xiang)、鞏固鄉(xiang)(xiang)、都六鄉(xiang)(xiang)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)南鄉(xiang)(xiang)、舊治(zhi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、沿山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、盤江鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、城關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)東鄉(xiang)(xiang)、德新鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、新鋪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、新巴(ba)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、落北河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、馬場河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang),云(yun)(yun)霧貢茶生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)面積共3000公頃(qing),年總產(chan)(chan)量1800噸。
四.產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特性(xing)特征
(1)外(wai)在(zai)感官(guan)特征:芽葉肥大(da)壯實,葉色翠綠,茸毛(mao)特多,芽形(xing)秀麗(li),內含物質豐富。條索緊卷變曲,白毫充分顯露,外(wai)形(xing)美觀,形(xing)若魚鉤;茶湯濃釅,湯色碧綠;滋味(wei)醇(chun)厚,香(xiang)氣濃烈(lie),具有獨特濃厚的蜂蜜香(xiang),飲后回味(wei)無窮。
(2)內在(zai)品質指標:貴定云(yun)霧茶以內質特征著(zhu)稱,傳統云(yun)霧茶據專家(jia)測(ce)定氨基酸每(mei)毫克總量(liang)(一芽二葉)占1916.81%,茶多酚占33.81%,咖啡堿(jian)占2.89%,兒茶素每(mei)毫克總量(liang)占125.21mg/%,水(shui)浸出物占41.69%。云(yun)霧茶沖泡后有(you)(you)蘭花香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)、栗香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)、蜂蜜香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei),有(you)(you)“一杯(bei)(bei)香(xiang)(xiang)、二杯(bei)(bei)濃、三杯(bei)(bei)甘又醇(chun)、四杯(bei)(bei)、五杯(bei)(bei)韻猶存的特點。飲用貴定云(yun)霧茶,不僅能生(sheng)津止渴(ke)、退熱解暑、醒腦(nao)提神、消(xiao)炎殺菌(jun),而且有(you)(you)降(jiang)脂降(jiang)壓(ya)、防癌抗(kang)輻射(she)及保持(chi)美容、抗(kang)衰老等多種功效。
(3)貴定云霧貢(gong)茶種植(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)嚴格按無公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)品生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)規(gui)范(fan)和標準(zhun)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。產(chan)品安全(quan)質量應符合DB52/T547—2008《貴定云霧貢(gong)茶地方標準(zhun)》。
五.特定(ding)生產(chan)方式(shi)
重點選(xuan)擇茶(cha)園(yuan)及其周(zhou)圍不得(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)氣污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan),特別(bie)(bie)是上風口不得(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)源(yuan),如化工(gong)廠,水(shui)泥廠等。大(da)氣中二氧(yang)化硫、氮(dan)氧(yang)化合物、總懸浮微粒、氟的(de)(de)濃度必須在標準限(xian)值內。 對水(shui)的(de)(de)要求須滿足生(sheng)產(chan)過程中用(yong)水(shui)的(de)(de)需要,茶(cha)園(yuan)灌溉用(yong)水(shui)不能含(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)污(wu)染(ran)物,特別(bie)(bie)是重金屬和有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害物質,例如汞、鉛(qian)、鉻、鎘、酚、苯、氰等。 對土壤要求茶(cha)園(yuan)位(wei)于土壤元素背景值正常(chang)區域,茶(cha)園(yuan)及其周(zhou)圍沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)金屬或非金屬礦山(shan),并未受到人為污(wu)染(ran),土壤中無(wu)農藥殘留,同時(shi)選(xuan)擇土壤有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機質含(han)量較高的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)區作(zuo)為綠(lv)(lv)色食(shi)品茶(cha)葉(xie)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)。 產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境應符合NY/T391綠(lv)(lv)色食(shi)品產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境技術條(tiao)件
(2)品(pin)種(zhong)選擇 云(yun)霧地方茶樹(shu)做母本源培育;(采取“集(ji)中育苗(miao)(miao),按群(qun)建(jian)系(xi),統一茶苗(miao)(miao)供應,分場(戶)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經營”的方法。選擇品(pin)系(xi)純正、植(zhi)株健壯的本地云(yun)霧茶苗(miao)(miao)進行(xing)推(tui)廣生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)。
(3)生產過(guo)程管理(li)
3.1茶樹種植 扦(qian)插(cha)(cha)前將苗(miao)床(廂面)充分(fen)(fen)澆透水(shui)(shui),經(jing)2—3小時水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)下(xia)滲后,土(tu)壤呈“濕而不粘(zhan)”的(de)松軟狀(zhuang)態,即可(ke)扦(qian)插(cha)(cha)。這樣(yang)即防止因(yin)土(tu)壤過(guo)干造成(cheng)扦(qian)插(cha)(cha)過(guo)種中損(sun)傷插(cha)(cha)穗,又使插(cha)(cha)穗下(xia)端(duan)與泥土(tu)緊密(mi)接觸,有利(li)于吸收(shou)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)。
3.2插(cha)穗葉片朝向一(yi)致,一(yi)般按常年最多的風(feng)(feng)向順風(feng)(feng)排列,這樣可以避免插(cha)穗被風(feng)(feng)吹動。
3.3扦插(cha)(cha)時,先按行距(ju)要求劃好行線(xian),然后(hou)沿行線(xian),按株距(ju)將插(cha)(cha)穗(sui)垂直或稍斜插(cha)(cha)入(ru)土(tu)(tu)中,深度以葉(xie)柄與廂(xiang)面平齊為好。邊(bian)(bian)插(cha)(cha)邊(bian)(bian)用(yong)手稍用(yong)力提不起為宜,使插(cha)(cha)穗(sui)與土(tu)(tu)壤緊密接(jie)觸(chu)。
3.4插(cha)完一定(ding)的面(mian)積后(hou)立即澆水,并用遮陽物覆蓋。如果在高溫烈(lie)日下(xia)扦插(cha),需(xu)要邊插(cha)邊澆水、達遮陽,以防灼傷。
3.5茶園(yuan)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei) 幼齡(ling)茶園(yuan)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)。氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)年(nian)用量(liang)按3:1:1。一二齡(ling)樹茶園(yuan)畝施(shi)純(chun)氮(dan)(dan)量(liang)3—5公(gong)斤(jin)。三四齡(ling)樹茶園(yuan)畝施(shi)純(chun)氮(dan)(dan)量(liang)4—6公(gong)斤(jin)。五六齡(ling)樹茶園(yuan)畝施(shi)純(chun)氮(dan)(dan)量(liang)6—9公(gong)斤(jin)。成齡(ling)茶園(yuan)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei) 施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)以產定肥(fei)(fei),一般每(mei)(mei)采(cai)摘100公(gong)斤(jin)鮮(xian)葉施(shi)入(ru)純(chun)氮(dan)(dan)4—5公(gong)斤(jin),過磷(lin)酸鈣或鈣鎂磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)7—8公(gong)斤(jin),硫酸鉀2—2.5公(gong)斤(jin)。基肥(fei)(fei)每(mei)(mei)畝農家肥(fei)(fei)1—2噸,茶樹專用復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)或磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)50—60公(gong)斤(jin)。
(4)土壤管理
4.1中耕鋤(chu)草。幼(you)齡茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan),視(shi)其茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)雜草生(sheng)(sheng)長情(qing)況,宜淺耕,最好是采用徒手拔草或者鏟鋤(chu)鏟草的方法,深耕易傷根,影響茶(cha)(cha)苗生(sheng)(sheng)長。成齡茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)視(shi)雜草生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)情(qing)況,每年進行3次(ci)-4次(ci)淺中耕,深度(du)為5厘(li)(li)米-10厘(li)(li)米,在秋(qiu)茶(cha)(cha)封園(yuan)后,及早進行一(yi)次(ci)深耕,深度(du)為15厘(li)(li)米-20厘(li)(li)米。
4.2間種作(zuo)物。幼齡茶園頭兩年可在行間中(zhong)央間作(zuo)1行-2行綠肥作(zuo)物或其它適宜的矮稈、短蔓(man)作(zuo)物,如黃豆、綠豆、蠶(can)豆、花生、白菜等。
4.3茶園覆(fu)(fu)蓋。幼齡茶園樹(shu)封行后,行間可用山草(cao)或作物(wu)秸稈覆(fu)(fu)蓋,每1畝(mu)鋪干(gan)草(cao)重1噸左右,實施茶園免(mian)(少)耕。
(5)水分管理
5.1蓄(xu)水(shui)。雨季注意給水(shui)池(chi)蓄(xu)水(shui),供早(zao)期使用。搞(gao)好茶(cha)園耕鋤、覆蓋和 幼齡茶(cha)園的(de)(de)作物(wu)間(jian)種,增強土壤涵養水(shui)分的(de)(de)能力。
5.2灌(guan)(guan)溉。幼(you)齡茶(cha)園(yuan)在夏(xia)秋干(gan)旱持(chi)續5天(tian)-7天(tian)時(shi)就進行(xing)一(yi)次灌(guan)(guan)溉。產(chan)(chan)量(liang)較高的茶(cha)園(yuan)夏(xia)秋干(gan)旱持(chi)續5天(tian)-7天(tian)時(shi)應進行(xing)一(yi)次灌(guan)(guan)溉。產(chan)(chan)量(liang)較高的茶(cha)園(yuan)夏(xia)秋干(gan)旱時(shi)也應當(dang)進行(xing)灌(guan)(guan)溉,以(yi)噴灌(guan)(guan)最佳,無噴灌(guan)(guan)條件時(shi),可進行(xing)溝灌(guan)(guan)。
(6)茶樹修剪
6.1幼齡茶樹(shu)的(de)修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)。第(di)1次(ci)修剪(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)地(di)面(mian)20厘(li)米(mi)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)去茶苗主(zhu)枝上部。第(di)2次(ci)距(ju)地(di)面(mian)30—35厘(li)米(mi)施剪(jian)(jian)(jian)。第(di)3次(ci)距(ju)地(di)面(mian)45厘(li)米(mi)施剪(jian)(jian)(jian)。
6.2成齡茶樹修剪(jian)(jian)。投采后的(de)茶樹每年(nian)(nian)或(huo)隔年(nian)(nian)進行(xing)輕修剪(jian)(jian),每次將(jiang)樹冠面剪(jian)(jian)低3—5厘米(mi)(mi),投采5—6年(nian)(nian)進行(xing)一次深修剪(jian)(jian),將(jiang)采摘(zhai)冠面剪(jian)(jian)低15—20厘米(mi)(mi)。
6.3衰老茶樹更新(xin)修剪。距地面(mian)30—50厘(li)米剪去樹冠(guan)上部(bu)。
(7)病蟲害防治(zhi) 加強茶園培管(guan),增強樹(shu)體抗(kang)病蟲能力,結合采茶、修剪(jian)、耕鋤(chu),清除或(huo)深埋結繭蟲蛹(苞),或(huo)于危害初期及時摘(剪(jian))除害蟲卵(luan)塊、護囊與群集蟲葉(枝(zhi)),點燈(deng)誘蛾(e)及利用(yong)性(xing)激素誘殺(sha)雄蛾(e),應盡量(liang)少(shao)用(yong)或(huo)不用(yong)化學農藥(yao),選擇(ze)高效低毒(du)(du)農藥(yao),以減少(shao)有毒(du)(du)物質的(de)殘存量(liang),使(shi)茶葉的(de)品(pin)質少(shao)受影響。
(8)加(jia)工。按(an)《貴定云(yun)霧(wu)貢茶地方標準》(DB52/547—2008)執(zhi)行
(9)生產記錄(lu)。根據農業部有關(guan)檔(dang)(dang)案管理辦法規(gui)定,種(zhong)植場及一般種(zhong)植戶都應當建(jian)立養(yang)殖檔(dang)(dang)案,載明以下內容(rong):品種(zhong)、面積、種(zhong)植記錄(lu)、標識情況(kuang)、;投入品和農藥(yao)的來源、名稱(cheng)、使用對象、時間和用量等有關(guan)情況(kuang);檢疫、病蟲害防治情況(kuang)。資料應盡可能長期保(bao)存,最少(shao)保(bao)留(liu)2年(nian)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)分級:分為特(te)級、一級和二級三個(ge)等級。
(2)包(bao)裝:包(bao)裝容(rong)器和包(bao)裝材(cai)料按SB/T10035的規定。直接(jie)接(jie)觸茶葉的紙質包(bao)裝材(cai)料按GB11680規定,用500g/包(bao)。
(3)標(biao)(biao)識:產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品應(ying)有(you)明確標(biao)(biao)簽(qian),內(nei)容包括(kuo):產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品名稱(cheng)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的執(zhi)行標(biao)(biao)準、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)者及詳(xiang)細地(di)址、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)、凈含(han)量和包裝(zhuang)日期等(deng),要(yao)求字(zi)跡清(qing)晰、完整、準確。標(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)應(ying)在其產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品或其包裝(zhuang)上統(tong)一使(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(貴定云霧貢茶(cha)名稱(cheng)和公共標(biao)(biao)識圖(tu)案組合標(biao)(biao)注型式(shi))。
(4)運(yun)輸:裝運(yun)倉應清(qing)潔、衛(wei)生、無異味。運(yun)輸時應快(kuai)裝、快(kuai)運(yun)、快(kuai)卸,嚴禁日曬雨(yu)淋,裝卸、搬(ban)運(yun)時要(yao)輕(qing)拿(na)輕(qing)放,嚴禁亂丟亂扔,嚴禁與有(you)毒有(you)害(hai)物質接觸(chu)。運(yun)輸必須符合SB/T10037。 (5)貯藏:按SB/T10095。的規定執行。