中國的(de)松茸產地主要有三個(ge)區域,分別是(shi)東北、滇西北和(he)西藏林芝地區。
林芝地(di)(di)區(qu)地(di)(di)形、地(di)(di)貌(mao)類(lei)型復(fu)雜多樣,小(xiao)氣候差(cha)(cha)異懸(xuan)殊(shu)。雨熱同(tong)(tong)季,氣溫適(shi)中(zhong),降水集(ji)中(zhong),光(guang)照理(li)想,光(guang)熱水資源(yuan)利(li)用(yong)率高(gao),利(li)于松(song)茸(rong)生長(chang),為松(song)茸(rong)穩產、高(gao)產、優(you)質(zhi)奠定了良好的基礎。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)由于林芝地(di)(di)區(qu)降水量(liang)高(gao)度變(bian)化的差(cha)(cha)異,濕潤、半(ban)濕潤類(lei)型兼備,不同(tong)(tong)水熱類(lei)型的組合(he)形成了各種立體(ti)的氣候系統(tong)。在山(shan)體(ti)中(zhong)下部氣候溫暖,水分(fen)充足,是理(li)想的天然松(song)茸(rong)生產地(di)(di)。
林(lin)(lin)(lin)芝(zhi)松(song)(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)生(sheng)于(yu)藏東南(nan)深(shen)山峽(xia)谷森林(lin)(lin)(lin)中,要求條件十分嚴(yan)格。常見(jian)于(yu)松(song)(song)(song)林(lin)(lin)(lin)或針(zhen)、闊(kuo)葉混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)中的(de)地(di)上(shang),群生(sheng)。林(lin)(lin)(lin)芝(zhi)松(song)(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)產區土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要為(wei)棕色林(lin)(lin)(lin)土(tu)(tu)或山地(di)黑壤(rang)、黃壤(rang),PH5.1~5.5之(zhi)間。林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)枯枝(zhi)落(luo)葉較稀疏。生(sheng)產松(song)(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)的(de)林(lin)(lin)(lin)齡(ling)一(yi)般不低于(yu)20年。30~40年生(sheng)的(de)林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)為(wei)產松(song)(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)的(de)旺盛時期,60年以上(shang)的(de)林(lin)(lin)(lin)齡(ling)松(song)(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)產量開始下降。
由于特(te)殊的地理生態環境,西藏的林(lin)芝(zhi)松(song)茸成為最潔(jie)凈的食物,無任何污(wu)染。林(lin)芝(zhi)松(song)茸具有(you)個頭(tou)大、形體佳(jia)、蟲(chong)菌(jun)少(shao)等特(te)點。因此,林(lin)芝(zhi)松(song)茸在國內國際市場,都比其他產區松(song)茸更受(shou)青睞。
松(song)(song)茸(rong)菌(jun)肉肥厚(hou),具有香氣,味(wei)道鮮美,是(shi)名(ming)貴的野生食用菌(jun),有很高的營(ying)養價值(zhi)。特別是(shi)全球僅西(xi)藏林(lin)芝才產的櫟(li)松(song)(song)茸(rong),在國內外食法多(duo)種多(duo)樣(yang)。燒、炒、煮皆宜(yi),可生食、煮食、干制(zhi),也可配菜肴。與其(qi)他(ta)產地松(song)(song)茸(rong)相(xiang)比,據國內外食客稱,林(lin)芝松(song)(song)茸(rong)食之鮮嫩可口(kou),味(wei)香濃,肉質(zhi)細膩,潤滑爽口(kou),口(kou)感(gan)如魚,食后(hou)余香耐人尋味(wei)。
林芝松(song)茸(rong)除(chu)了含有豐富(fu)的(de)蛋(dan)白質、氨基酸(suan)等(deng)外,還含有較多的(de)維生素和激素類。松(song)茸(rong)聚(ju)糖甘(gan)露能(neng)(neng)抵制(zhi)腫瘤(liu)生長,因(yin)而(er)有一定(ding)的(de)抗癌功(gong)效(xiao)。當(dang)地人將(jiang)松(song)茸(rong)用于治療手(shou)足(zu)麻木、腰酸(suan)腿(tui)痛、尿(niao)濁不(bu)禁(jin)等(deng)癥,還認為(wei)林芝松(song)茸(rong)有聚(ju)精(jing)補腎,益精(jing)助陽的(de)作用,能(neng)(neng)改善(shan)更年期(qi)內分(fen)泌紊亂、性(xing)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)失調等(deng)等(deng)。