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一.產品介紹

宕(dang)昌黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)品質(zhi)優良(liang)，馳名中(zhong)外(wai)(wai)，銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售歷(li)史悠久(jiu)。早在(zai)(zai)(zai)清光緒(xu)三十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)l874年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))外(wai)(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)300余擔，民國(guo)32年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1943年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))總銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售量l8萬(wan)(wan)斤。區域內歷(li)代有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統，特(te)別是(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)自(zi)1965逐漸變家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以來，當(dang)地(di)(di)群(qun)眾(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)把(ba)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)作(zuo)為(wei)主要經(jing)濟作(zuo)物。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代開(kai)始在(zai)(zai)(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區大(da)(da)量種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)到4000畝(mu)以上，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)50萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤。同時銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)量大(da)(da)增，一(yi)(yi)(yi)度遠銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)東南亞(ya)。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲外(wai)(wai)經(jing)部《出口商品榮(rong)譽證(zheng)書(shu)》，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出口20—30萬(wan)(wan)斤，創外(wai)(wai)匯30萬(wan)(wan)美元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。隨著(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)量增大(da)(da)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模式也得到了(le)很大(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)好梯(ti)農(nong)民土專家(jia)彭(peng)吳善創試下，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)剪莖(jing)促(cu)根技(ji)術(shu)(shu)從此(ci)誕(dan)生(sheng)(sheng)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)專業技(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員和(he)(he)(he)(he)藥(yao)(yao)農(nong)根據多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培經(jing)驗(yan)，總結出了(le)剪莖(jing)促(cu)根栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要點(dian)(dian)，并規范(fan)了(le)該項技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)剪莖(jing)技(ji)術(shu)(shu))。從整地(di)(di)、密植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、田間(jian)管理、初加(jia)工及控制污(wu)染等各個環(huan)節(jie)(jie)都(dou)做(zuo)到科學管理，由(you)于措施(shi)得當(dang)，使(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合水平(ping)不斷提(ti)高(gao)，控制了(le)病蟲害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，保(bao)障了(le)藥(yao)(yao)材質(zhi)量和(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)好梯(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶較大(da)(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規模逐漸形(xing)成(cheng)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)到3.1萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量0.93萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)2790萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。隨著(zhu)規模擴大(da)(da)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)量進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)提(ti)高(gao)，加(jia)上當(dang)時市場(chang)(chang)因素影響，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)價格逐步(bu)(bu)提(ti)升(sheng)，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)迎來大(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，l997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)到4.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)1.6萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)9600萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。這一(yi)(yi)(yi)時期黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)專業市場(chang)(chang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)民間(jian)已(yi)經(jing)形(xing)成(cheng)，宕(dang)昌黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)開(kai)始品牌(pai)化發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，外(wai)(wai)地(di)(di)客商不再轉場(chang)(chang)，直(zhi)接到產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)收購(gou)。 經(jing)過(guo)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)規模不斷提(ti)高(gao)，近幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來，縣委縣政府制定出臺了(le)多項發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政策措施(shi)，提(ti)出了(le)“南果蔬、北(bei)藥(yao)(yao)牧”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方向。產(chan)(chan)(chan)區鄉黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)委政府把(ba)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)作(zuo)為(wei)增加(jia)農(nong)民收入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主導產(chan)(chan)(chan)業進(jin)行科學規劃、大(da)(da)力宣傳、周密部署。宕(dang)昌縣中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材開(kai)發(fa)(fa)服(fu)務中(zhong)心作(zuo)了(le)大(da)(da)量細(xi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)指(zhi)導，通(tong)過(guo)辦(ban)示范(fan)點(dian)(dian)、選育(yu)引進(jin)新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、普及黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)剪莖(jing)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)改進(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、推行無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)標準(zhun)化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)配方施(shi)肥(fei)，從種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材料到生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個環(huan)節(jie)(jie)嚴密把(ba)關(guan)，確保(bao)藥(yao)(yao)材產(chan)(chan)(chan)量和(he)(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)量，使(shi)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得到空前發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。現在(zai)(zai)(zai)宕(dang)昌25個鄉鎮有21鄉鎮種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)5.5萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量4萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)達(da)1.6億元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，占產(chan)(chan)(chan)區農(nong)民經(jing)濟收入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)61％。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)市場(chang)(chang)引導、政府鼓(gu)勵和(he)(he)(he)(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)保(bao)證(zheng)下，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)表現出群(qun)眾(zhong)積(ji)(ji)(ji)極性高(gao)、面(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量高(gao)、品質(zhi)好，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)科學化、標準(zhun)化等特(te)點(dian)(dian)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品體(ti)長均(jun)勻、皮薄、有柔(rou)韌性，氣味(wei)芳香、嚼之無(wu)渣、味(wei)甘(gan)甜，藥(yao)(yao)用成(cheng)分含量高(gao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)市場(chang)(chang)上享有盛(sheng)譽。

二.自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和(he)人(ren)文歷史因素

1、土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況(kuang)：地(di)域(yu)內土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)主要為(wei)(wei)紅褐土、黃綿土、黑壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土，土質以(yi)(yi)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土或沙壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土為(wei)(wei)主，質地(di)疏松、透氣保水(shui)力強。富含鉀、鈣、磷、鎂(mei)、鋅(xin)等多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)元素(su)，有機質含量(liang)在1.2%以(yi)(yi)上，PH值為(wei)(wei)7.2—8.0，土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中沒有任何農藥殘留超(chao)標的重金屬(shu)離子，極適宜黨(dang)參的生長發(fa)育。種(zhong)(zhong)植的黨(dang)參皮薄肉(rou)厚、有韌性、氣味芳香、味甘(gan)甜、嚼無渣、有效(xiao)成分含量(liang)高，品質優良，深受(shou)藥界好評。上游支(zhi)流(liu)為(wei)(wei)主要河流(liu)。區域(yu)內年降水(shui)600—750mm，足(zu)夠黨(dang)參生長需水(shui)，加之黨(dang)參生長忌淹水(shui)，無需灌溉。

2、氣候情況(kuang)：宕昌黨參種(zhong)植區域(yu)無霜期(qi)160天，年(nian)太(tai)陽總輻射量127.2—132.3千卡/厘(li)米22，生(sheng)長季總輻射77.6—80.4千卡/厘(li)米2，達(da)年(nian)總輻射的60%以上，日照總時數2260—2370小(xiao)時，年(nian)均氣溫(wen)6.5℃。在黨參塊根(gen)膨大期(qi)，光照充足，溫(wen)差大，完全滿足黨參塊根(gen)形成期(qi)對溫(wen)度和(he)光照的需求。

三.地域范圍

宕昌黨(dang)參種植(zhi)區域(yu)主要(yao)位于宕昌縣(xian)東部的(de)西(xi)漢水上游的(de)好梯河(he)流(liu)域(yu)、良恭(gong)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)以及良恭(gong)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)與白龍江流(liu)域(yu)相接的(de)高(gao)寒陰濕地帶(dai)，東經104°36′—104°47′，北緯(wei)33°55′—34°02′，海拔(ba)1800—2400m，地形由東向西(xi)逐步走高(gao)，東臨(lin)禮縣(xian)沙金鄉，南接武都(dou)區，西(xi)接臨(lin)江鄉毛羽(yu)山村，北至興化鄉磑子壩村。區域(yu)內有好梯、韓院、南陽(yang)、興化、竹(zhu)院、獅(shi)子、新寨、官亭、兩河(he)口9鄉鎮(zhen)的(de)109個行政村，區域(yu)面積(ji)1225.2平(ping)方(fang)公里，種植(zhi)黨(dang)參面積(ji)5.6萬(wan)畝，年產黨(dang)參4.2萬(wan)噸。

四.產品品質(zhi)特性特征

1、外在感官(guan)特征主根(gen)形狀(zhuang)多(duo)呈長圓(yuan)柱形，近梢漸(jian)細，頂端(duan)有(you)(you)一膨大(da)的根(gen)頭(tou)(tou)，有(you)(you)多(duo)數疣(you)狀(zhuang)突起的莖(jing)痕(hen)，俗稱“獅子(zi)頭(tou)(tou)”；根(gen)粗(cu)壯而分(fen)枝少(shao)，上部光滑或近光滑；主根(gen)肥大(da)、肉質，鮮條白(bai)色，尾端(duan)斷(duan)裂處有(you)(you)黑色膠狀(zhuang)物(wu)質，干(gan)后外皮呈米黃色，頭(tou)(tou)莖(jing)至分(fen)叉有(you)(you)環形橫紋，側根(gen)呈縱紋，斷(duan)面(mian)髓(sui)部米黃色，質地緊密嚼之甘(gan)甜(tian)無渣。味甘(gan)，具特異香味。藥用價值高。

2、內在品質指標宕昌(chang)黨參(can)微量元(yuan)素含量豐富，鋅≥20mg/kg、鐵(tie)≥400mg/kg、鈣≥2mg/kg、錳(meng)≥15mg/kg、磷≥2.5mg/kg，鎂≥1.5 mg/kg。

3、安全(quan)要求(qiu)宕昌(chang)黨參(can)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照《NY5318-2006 無(wu)公害食(shi)品參(can)類(lei)》要求(qiu)執行，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)應按(an)照《隴南市宕昌(chang)黨參(can)標準化生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術規程》合(he)理使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)業(ye)投入品和(he)田間(jian)投入物，嚴(yan)禁(jin)使(shi)用(yong)國家明令禁(jin)止使(shi)用(yong)的高劇毒(du)(du)農(nong)藥(yao)，嚴(yan)禁(jin)使(shi)用(yong)植(zhi)物生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)激素(su)，嚴(yan)格(ge)執行農(nong)藥(yao)安全(quan)間(jian)隔期，經農(nong)藥(yao)殘毒(du)(du)檢查(cha)合(he)格(ge)后(hou)方可上市銷售。