安塞(sai)小米,陜(shan)西省安塞(sai)縣特產(chan),中國國家(jia)地理標志產(chan)品。安塞(sai)小米色(se)澤金(jin)黃,顆(ke)粒渾圓,晶瑩明亮(liang),粘(zhan)糯芳香(xiang),油(you)脂豐(feng)富,久貯不變(bian)。安塞(sai)小米營(ying)(ying)養價值(zhi)高(gao),富含多(duo)種(zhong)維生素(su)和微(wei)量元素(su),比大米的營(ying)(ying)養價值(zhi)高(gao)。小米熬粥(zhou)營(ying)(ying)養價值(zhi)豐(feng)富,有"代參湯"之美稱(cheng)。
簡介
小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi),陜(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)安(an)(an)塞(sai)縣特產,中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家地理標志(zhi)產品(pin)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)久負盛(sheng)名,先秦(qin)、西(xi)漢軍屯時期(qi),便有大面(mian)積種(zhong)植,延安(an)(an)安(an)(an)塞(sai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優良(liang),蛋(dan)(dan)白質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)高(gao)。安(an)(an)塞(sai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)色澤金黃,顆(ke)粒(li)渾(hun)圓(yuan),晶瑩(ying)明亮,粘糯(nuo)芳(fang)香,油脂(zhi)(zhi)豐(feng)富(fu)(fu),久貯不變,平均含(han)蛋(dan)(dan)白質(zhi)(zhi)13%,蛋(dan)(dan)白質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)含(han)有人(ren)體必(bi)須的8種(zhong)氨基酸,平均含(han)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)4.5%,不飽和脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸占脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸含(han)量(liang)的85%,還(huan)富(fu)(fu)含(han)多(duo)種(zhong)維(wei)生素,其粗纖(xian)維(wei)含(han)量(liang)在幾種(zhong)主要糧食作物中(zhong)最(zui)低(di)。 2008年,經中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家質(zhi)(zhi)檢總局審核,決定(ding)對安(an)(an)塞(sai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)米(mi)實(shi)施國(guo)家地理標志(zhi)產品(pin)保(bao)護。
生產條件
安(an)塞(sai)(sai)古為白翟地,秦漢以來設(she)(she)置(zhi)高(gao)奴縣,隋唐(tang)五代為金明(ming)縣,宋(song)設(she)(she)置(zhi)安(an)塞(sai)(sai)堡(bao),于宋(song)淳禎(zhen)壬(ren)子年立縣。安(an)塞(sai)(sai)在歷(li)史上地處邊塞(sai)(sai)要地,與(yu)北部少數民(min)族接近,漢民(min)族與(yu)少數民(min)族交替(ti)發(fa)展,時(shi)(shi)農時(shi)(shi)牧(mu),至明(ming)初時(shi)(shi),方形(xing)成了以農業生(sheng)產(chan)為主體的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)格局。境內延水橫(heng)穿南北,梁峁平川遍(bian)布,土(tu)地資源(yuan)豐富(fu),屬中(zhong)溫帶大陸性半干旱季(ji)風氣候,是耐(nai)旱、耐(nai)瘠簿(bu)、耐(nai)酸、耐(nai)堿類谷物的(de)(de)主要誕生(sheng)地和種植區,歷(li)史上譽之為"米糧川"。
種植歷史
延安(an)安(an)塞(sai)(sai)小米(mi)久負(fu)盛名,先秦(qin)、西(xi)漢軍(jun)屯(tun)(tun)時(shi)期,便有(you)大(da)面積(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),有(you)鮑家(jia)營(ying)、譚家(jia)營(ying)、東營(ying)、馮(feng)家(jia)營(ying)等屯(tun)(tun)軍(jun)墾(ken)荒要地。隋唐宋元,農(nong)(nong)牧雜柔,時(shi)農(nong)(nong)時(shi)牧,農(nong)(nong)業(ye)受限,但谷子始終是(shi)當時(shi)農(nong)(nong)牧民的(de)(de)大(da)宗糧(liang)食作(zuo)物。明清時(shi)期,農(nong)(nong)耕(geng)再興,農(nong)(nong)牧攜伴同行(xing),耕(geng)作(zuo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)得(de)到全(quan)面發展,谷類作(zuo)物不僅種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)廣闊,而(er)且品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)加齊全(quan)。據民國(guo)安(an)塞(sai)(sai)縣志記載:"安(an)塞(sai)(sai)境內宜(yi)粟,他郡不及,其米(mi)淅之(zhi)汁為脂(zhi)。其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)龍爪、狼尾、豬糞、竹葉青、馬(ma)拖韁(jiang)、焦泥黃、大(da)期限、小期限、紅小料等。"1935年(nian)安(an)塞(sai)(sai)解(jie)放(fang)(fang)后,陜甘(gan)寧邊區時(shi)期開展大(da)生產(chan)運(yun)動,鼓勵(li)墾(ken)荒,"小米(mi)加步搶"打破了國(guo)民黨的(de)(de)經濟封鎖,取得(de)了抗日(ri)戰爭和(he)解(jie)放(fang)(fang)戰爭的(de)(de)偉(wei)大(da)勝利,小米(mi)隨著全(quan)國(guo)解(jie)放(fang)(fang)而(er)享譽四(si)海,聞名遐(xia)邇。解(jie)放(fang)(fang)后,小米(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)一直(zhi)穩定在(zai)10萬(wan)畝左右,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技術不斷改進,單產(chan)逐(zhu)年(nian)提高(gao),畝產(chan)由1949年(nian)的(de)(de)25公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)提高(gao)到2010年(nian)的(de)(de)300公(gong)斤(jin)(jin),總(zong)產(chan)也(ye)由1949年(nian)的(de)(de)318萬(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)增加到2010年(nian)的(de)(de)800多萬(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。
品質特征
延安(an)安(an)塞(sai)小米品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優良,蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)高(gao)。據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農業(ye)科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)院品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)資源研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)谷子(zi)(zi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)驗分析,安(an)塞(sai)谷子(zi)(zi)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)均含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)13.46%,高(gao)于全國(guo)1個百分點(全國(guo)為(wei)12.4%)。全國(guo)12個蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)16%以上(shang)的品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),安(an)塞(sai)就有5個。安(an)塞(sai)小米色澤金黃,顆粒渾圓,晶(jing)瑩明亮,粘糯芳香,油(you)脂(zhi)(zhi)豐富,久貯不(bu)變,平(ping)均含(han)(han)(han)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)13%,蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)有人體必須的8種(zhong)(zhong)氨(an)基酸,平(ping)均含(han)(han)(han)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)4.5%,不(bu)飽和脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸占脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)的85%,還富含(han)(han)(han)多種(zhong)(zhong)維生素,其(qi)粗纖維含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)幾種(zhong)(zhong)主要糧食作物中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最低(di)。20世紀80年代,從(cong)山西引進(jin)了晉(jin)汾7號,被譽為(wei)"香谷米",在(zai)(zai)安(an)塞(sai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)后,品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)殊佳,優于原產(chan)地,堪與(yu)傳統名米媲美。