產品簡介
甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)(dou)盛(sheng)產(chan)與我國陜(shan)西省(sheng)甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)縣(xian),具(ju)有(you)悠久(jiu)的栽培歷史(shi)。甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)(dou)的地理保護范圍為(wei)東(dong)經108°45′34″-109°33′46″,北(bei)緯36°6′57″-36°37′33″,主要分布在甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)縣(xian)的橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、下寺灣鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石門(men)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、高哨鄉(xiang)(xiang)、勞山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、城關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、道鎮(zhen)(zhen)和東(dong)溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)三(san)鎮(zhen)(zhen)五鄉(xiang)(xiang),種(zhong)植面(mian)積達18萬(wan)(wan)畝,總產(chan)量突破1.8萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)(dou)種(zhong)皮為(wei)紅(hong)(hong)色、白薺、短圓柱形、粒直徑(jing)4.5mm以上(shang),每100粒平(ping)均重量為(wei)11.55g,色澤鮮艷、營(ying)養豐富(fu)、顆粒碩(shuo)大、結實飽滿,出沙、出成率高,富(fu)含多種(zhong)人(ren)體所需的微(wei)量元(yuan)素,營(ying)養成分穩(wen)定,具(ju)有(you)很高的醫(yi)用(yong)、食用(yong)價值,有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的市場競爭(zheng)力。2005年(nian)國家質檢總局(ju)第41號公告批準(zhun)對甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)紅(hong)(hong)小豆(dou)(dou)實施地理標志產(chan)品保護。
產地環境
陜西(xi)甘泉縣處(chu)于(yu)黃(huang)土(tu)高原(yuan)丘陵溝壑區(qu),海拔950-1625米,土(tu)壤(rang)為黃(huang)綿土(tu)、灰黃(huang)綿土(tu)、草灌黃(huang)綿土(tu),土(tu)壤(rang)表面(mian)疏松綿軟(ruan),通(tong)氣(qi)性(xing)能好(hao),透水(shui)性(xing)能較(jiao)強,具有(you)一(yi)定團粒結構,有(you)機質(zhi)和其它有(you)效營養物質(zhi)含量(liang)較(jiao)低,含氮量(liang)大,含礦物質(zhi)養分多,土(tu)壤(rang)肥力高,易于(yu)培肥熟(shu)(shu)化,無(wu)病蟲害、無(wu)污染,尤(you)其適宜延安甘泉紅(hong)小(xiao)豆的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)。甘泉縣受地(di)形(xing)和海拔的(de)(de)(de)影響,氣(qi)候差(cha)異明顯,熱(re)(re)量(liang)分布(bu)不(bu)均(jun)(jun),年平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)8.9℃,極端(duan)最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)37.5℃,極端(duan)最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-27.1℃,夏季平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)21.0℃,冬季平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-4.6℃,有(you)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)半濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(濕(shi)(shi)潤(run))一(yi)年一(yi)熟(shu)(shu)區(qu)和溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和半濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)兩(liang)年三(san)熟(shu)(shu)區(qu)(或一(yi)年兩(liang)熟(shu)(shu)區(qu))。低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)半濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)(濕(shi)(shi)潤(run))區(qu)年平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)8.0℃-8.4℃,大于(yu)或等(deng)于(yu)0℃的(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3400-3500℃.無(wu)霜期短,平均(jun)(jun)140-145天(tian),年降(jiang)水(shui)560-580毫(hao)米,熱(re)(re)量(liang)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)不(bu)豐富,水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)有(you)限,一(yi)年只(zhi)能種(zhong)植(zhi)一(yi)次。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和半濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)區(qu)年平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3.2-9.0℃,大于(yu)或等(deng)于(yu)0℃的(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3550-3750℃,無(wu)霜期平均(jun)(jun)145-160天(tian),年平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)560-580毫(hao)米,熱(re)(re)量(liang)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)尚好(hao),無(wu)霜期長,水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)豐富,灌溉條件優(you)越,可以兩(liang)年三(san)熟(shu)(shu)或一(yi)年兩(liang)熟(shu)(shu)。均(jun)(jun)適宜種(zhong)植(zhi)紅(hong)小(xiao)豆。
文化背景
紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)具(ju)(ju)有悠久的(de)栽培歷(li)史,陜(shan)西省(sheng)甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)是紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)栽培歷(li)史較為(wei)(wei)(wei)悠久的(de)地區之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)是我(wo)國(guo)雜豆(dou)(dou)(dou)類(lei)的(de)主要(yao)品(pin)種(zhong),其(qi)(qi)(qi)產量和種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積位于黃豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、綠豆(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),處于第三(san)位。清朝四十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1776年(nian)(nian))甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)知縣(xian)王星燭(zhu)修《甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)事宜》二卷記(ji)載:“甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)盛產雜豆(dou)(dou)(dou),尤(you)以紅(hong)(hong)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)先”。李時(shi)珍(zhen)稱紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)谷”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)功用(yong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“生津液、利小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)便、消脹、除(chu)腫(zhong)、止吐(tu)”,并治(zhi)“下(xia)痢、解(jie)酒(jiu)毒、除(chu)寒熱痛腫(zhong)、排膿散血(xue)、而(er)通乳(ru)汁……”。紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)蛋白質中(zhong)賴氨酸(suan)含量較高,宜與谷類(lei)食(shi)品(pin)混合成豆(dou)(dou)(dou)飯或豆(dou)(dou)(dou)粥實用(yong)。《甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)志》記(ji)載:“民國(guo)十八年(nian)(nian)(1929年(nian)(nian))甘(gan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)縣(xian)旱災嚴重(zhong),糧食(shi)絕(jue)收,村(cun)民離鄉(xiang)賣(mai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、無(wu)以充(chong)饑。唯紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)耐旱而(er)未(wei)絕(jue)收,遂以此豆(dou)(dou)(dou)做粥食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi),日食(shi)一(yi)(yi)餐而(er)不饑”。另(ling)據當地一(yi)(yi)位105歲老(lao)翁(weng)講(jiang)述(shu):相(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)有一(yi)(yi)農夫從他鄉(xiang)歸(gui)來,帶回了一(yi)(yi)些紅(hong)(hong)色(se)的(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)子(zi)(zi)(zi),在(zai)自(zi)家的(de)山洼上用(yong)鏵式農具(ju)(ju),由牲畜牽引,開溝施肥(fei)、下(xia)種(zhong),半月過后(hou)。綠油油的(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)苗長滿山坡,農夫喜出(chu)望外,精(jing)心(xin)間苗鋤草(cao),秋后(hou)產出(chu)鮮(xian)紅(hong)(hong)的(de)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。用(yong)此熬粥,細膩光(guang)滑,油香撲鼻,食(shi)后(hou)漸覺渾身有力,精(jing)神倍增,于是廣傳(chuan)村(cun)里百姓,紛(fen)紛(fen)種(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)用(yong),年(nian)(nian)復一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian),該(gai)村(cun)男子(zi)(zi)(zi)各(ge)個(ge)體壯膀闊,面(mian)色(se)紅(hong)(hong)潤,雖年(nian)(nian)近花(hua)甲而(er)精(jing)力不衰(shuai),父女個(ge)個(ge)俊俏秀麗(li),面(mian)若桃花(hua),體態婀娜多姿、招人喜愛(ai)。究(jiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)原(yuan)因(yin),皆為(wei)(wei)(wei)常食(shi)此豆(dou)(dou)(dou)所致,此豆(dou)(dou)(dou)亦被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“紅(hong)(hong)瑪瑙(nao)”豆(dou)(dou)(dou)、“紅(hong)(hong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)”而(er)廣為(wei)(wei)(wei)種(zhong)植(zhi),代(dai)(dai)代(dai)(dai)相(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)。