原產地
靈(ling)山香雞(ji)原產(chan)于廣西(xi)壯族自治(zhi)區欽州市靈(ling)山縣,中心產(chan)區為靈(ling)山縣伯(bo)勞、陸屋、煙墩等鎮。
生長環境
靈山縣(xian)地(di)(di)處(chu)六萬大山余脈,廣西(xi)壯族(zu)自治區(qu)南部(bu)(bu)的(de)北部(bu)(bu)灣地(di)(di)區(qu)。北靠西(xi)江、南望北海、東鄰玉(yu)林、貴(gui)港等(deng)市,西(xi)接欽州市南北兩區(qu)。地(di)(di)勢東北略(lve)高,西(xi)南部(bu)(bu)略(lve)低,地(di)(di)形以丘陵為(wei)(wei)主,東北部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)山地(di)(di),中部(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)原,西(xi)南部(bu)(bu)丘陵。屬南亞熱帶(dai)季風氣候,溫和多雨,雨熱同季,夏(xia)長冬短(duan),光(guang)照(zhao)充足。年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫21.7℃,無霜期(qi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)348天。水資源豐富。農(nong)作物(wu)主要有水稻、紅(hong)薯、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)、花生(sheng)、木薯,素(su)有“稻米(mi)(mi)之鄉”稱號。為(wei)(wei)靈山香雞的(de)養殖提供了(le)充實的(de)物(wu)質條(tiao)件。
北部(bu)灣(wan)地(di)區屬(shu)亞(ya)熱帶,地(di)處(chu)東洋界中(zhong)心(xin),年平均(jun)溫度(du)為(wei)22℃,是禽(qin)類(lei)適(shi)宜生(sheng)(sheng)長之地(di),也是原(yuan)(yuan)雞(ji)(ji)演化中(zhong)心(xin)地(di),中(zhong)國原(yuan)(yuan)雞(ji)(ji)就起(qi)源于這里,故(gu)又稱北部(bu)灣(wan)原(yuan)(yuan)雞(ji)(ji)。在(zai)靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)縣多處(chu)地(di)點發掘出1萬多年前(qian)的(de)人類(lei)骸骨化石,另(ling)外還出土過用(yong)禽(qin)鳥骨制(zhi)作的(de)骨魚鉤(gou)、骨針等,說(shuo)明(ming)在(zai)新石器時代早期靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)是野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)原(yuan)(yuan)雞(ji)(ji)的(de)馴養的(de)起(qi)源地(di)之一。在(zai)靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)縣部(bu)分鄉鎮的(de)山(shan)(shan)區、丘陵,如(ru)今(jin)仍(reng)發現有野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)原(yuan)(yuan)雞(ji)(ji),經鑒定為(wei)中(zhong)國原(yuan)(yuan)始雞(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)三個亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)之一的(de)靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)。靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)縣民眾素有養雞(ji)(ji)的(de)習俗,20世紀60年代以前(qian)靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)香雞(ji)(ji)是靈(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)縣內唯一雞(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)。
生理特征
靈(ling)(ling)(ling)山香雞特征為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)麻(ma)、兩(liang)細(xi)(xi)、三(san)(san)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。一(yi)麻(ma)是指靈(ling)(ling)(ling)山香雞母雞體羽以麻(ma)羽即棕黃麻(ma)羽為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),兩(liang)細(xi)(xi)是指頭(tou)(tou)細(xi)(xi),脛(jing)特細(xi)(xi)。三(san)(san)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是指頸短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)、體軀短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)、腳短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(矮)。靈(ling)(ling)(ling)山香雞體軀短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),渾(hun)圓,大(da)小(xiao)適(shi)中(zhong),結構勻稱(cheng),被毛(mao)緊湊,其中(zhong)短(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)羽型雞尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)突出。頭(tou)(tou)小(xiao),清秀,單冠(選育前(qian)有(you)(you)玫瑰冠)直立,顏色(se)(se)(se)紅潤,公的高大(da),母的稍(shao)小(xiao),冠齒5至7個(ge)(ge)。肉垂耳(er)葉(xie)紅色(se)(se)(se),過去個(ge)(ge)別(bie)雞或(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)髻(ji)子,或(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)胡須,或(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)白耳(er)、藍(lan)耳(er)。虹彩橘(ju)紅,喙尖、小(xiao),微彎曲,前(qian)部色(se)(se)(se)黃,基(ji)部大(da)多數呈(cheng)粟色(se)(se)(se)。脛(jing)纖細(xi)(xi)、瘦小(xiao),橫截面稍(shao)呈(cheng)三(san)(san)角形(xing),表(biao)面光滑(hua),磷(lin)片小(xiao),色(se)(se)(se)黃,少(shao)量玻璃色(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)青(qing)灰色(se)(se)(se),爪細(xi)(xi)長、甲尖利。脛(jing)側紅,斑細(xi)(xi)小(xiao)、鮮明,選育前(qian)個(ge)(ge)別(bie)雞脛(jing)長毛(mao)。皮膚淺黃色(se)(se)(se)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),個(ge)(ge)別(bie)灰白或(huo)(huo)灰黑色(se)(se)(se)。皮薄,脂少(shao),毛(mao)孔小(xiao),表(biao)面光滑(hua)。
靈(ling)山香雞根據外型羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)色(se)(se)(se)(se)特點(dian)目前(qian)共有豐(feng)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)型和短羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)型兩(liang)個品系。公(gong)雞頸(jing)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)紅(hong)或金黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se),體羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)紅(hong)、赤(chi)紅(hong)(深紅(hong))為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),少(shao)(shao)量(liang)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)黃(huang)或紅(hong)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)。翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)比體羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)稍深,近似赤(chi)紅(hong)。公(gong)、母(mu)雞主(zhu)翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、副翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)相似,其中主(zhu)翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)黃(huang)邊黑(hei)(hei)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),少(shao)(shao)數(shu)全黑(hei)(hei)。副翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一半(ban)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)黃(huang)一半(ban)黑(hei)(hei)。主(zhu)、副翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)常見有黑(hei)(hei)斑,墨(mo)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)。腹(fu)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)黃(huang),少(shao)(shao)部(bu)分(fen)紅(hong)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),31%含麻(ma)(ma)黑(hei)(hei)斑。5%公(gong)雞除頸(jing)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、鞍(an)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、蓑(suo)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外,全身(shen)通(tong)黑(hei)(hei)。主(zhu)尾羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和搖羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)呈墨(mo)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)。母(mu)雞羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)色(se)(se)(se)(se)類型豐(feng)富,選(xuan)育(yu)前(qian)有棕(zong)(zong)(zong)麻(ma)(ma)、黃(huang)麻(ma)(ma)、黑(hei)(hei)、褐、棕(zong)(zong)(zong),黃(huang)(含略(lve)帶(dai)麻(ma)(ma)斑)、灰、紅(hong)、花白(bai)等(deng)顏(yan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。選(xuan)育(yu)后的母(mu)雞群體基本(ben)以(yi)(yi)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)麻(ma)(ma)、黃(huang)麻(ma)(ma)(斑點(dian)小)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),兩(liang)者分(fen)別占49%、26%。其斑點(dian)小,形似魚鱗狀,并集中在(zai)背(bei)、鞍(an)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上,翼(yi)(yi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有少(shao)(shao)量(liang)分(fen)布。頸(jing)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)基部(bu)多數(shu)帶(dai)小點(dian)黑(hei)(hei)斑,形如芝麻(ma)(ma)。胸、腹(fu)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大部(bu)分(fen)棕(zong)(zong)(zong)黃(huang),尾羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。還有25%的灰、棕(zong)(zong)(zong)黃(huang)、黑(hei)(hei)、褐等(deng)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。
生長周期
10月齡(ling)(ling)成年靈山(shan)香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)公(gong)(gong)雞(ji)(ji)平(ping)(ping)均體(ti)重4斤2兩(liang)左右(you)(you)(you),母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)3斤7兩(liang)左右(you)(you)(you)。靈山(shan)香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)作為肉用型雞(ji)(ji)種(zhong),其上市最佳的時(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)為:項雞(ji)(ji)120日(ri)齡(ling)(ling),閹雞(ji)(ji)180日(ri)齡(ling)(ling),此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)肉質結實(shi)幼嫩,味鮮(xian)美而香(xiang)(xiang)濃。靈山(shan)香(xiang)(xiang)雞(ji)(ji)性(xing)成熟早(zao),2周齡(ling)(ling)的公(gong)(gong)雞(ji)(ji)仔(zi)曾(ceng)出現有踮腳、張翅、揚脖子開(kai)啼的姿勢,3周齡(ling)(ling)左右(you)(you)(you)開(kai)啼,80日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)左右(you)(you)(you)性(xing)成熟,5月齡(ling)(ling)左右(you)(you)(you)體(ti)成熟,此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)重4斤左右(you)(you)(you)。公(gong)(gong)雞(ji)(ji)一(yi)般70日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)左右(you)(you)(you)閹割育(yu)肥(fei)。母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)平(ping)(ping)均130日(ri)齡(ling)(ling)體(ti)成熟開(kai)產(chan),體(ti)重3斤左右(you)(you)(you),66周齡(ling)(ling)平(ping)(ping)均產(chan)蛋(dan)量120至130個。蛋(dan)殼淺(qian)褐色,平(ping)(ping)均蛋(dan)重42克左右(you)(you)(you)。少數雞(ji)(ji)有啄羽現象,性(xing)成熟時(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)雞(ji)(ji)啄羽現象較為嚴(yan)重。母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)就巢性(xing)強,每(mei)年就巢四至五次,每(mei)產(chan)完一(yi)窩蛋(dan)(15至20個)就開(kai)始就巢,時(shi)(shi)(shi)間六(liu)至十(shi)日(ri),長者一(yi)個月。
飼養特點
靈(ling)山(shan)香雞野(ye)性強(qiang)(qiang)、善飛、雞群常飛上(shang)高樹(shu)上(shang)休息,不(bu)愿進欄舍,易(yi)驚群。靈(ling)山(shan)香雞在(zai)農村飼養以(yi)放牧為主(zhu),主(zhu)要以(yi)當地農作(zuo)物以(yi)及(ji)農副產(chan)品為食,如稻谷、米(mi)糠、玉米(mi)、木薯、果實(shi)仔類等,通常米(mi)糠拌剩米(mi)飯。其對靈(ling)山(shan)的生態環(huan)境具有較強(qiang)(qiang)的適(shi)應(ying)性,抗(kang)逆性強(qiang)(qiang),抗(kang)病力強(qiang)(qiang),自然放牧繁殖性能略低,生長(chang)略慢。