1.種植環境
古縣(xian)核(he)(he)桃(tao)產(chan)區位于古縣(xian)中部(bu)(bu)和(he)南部(bu)(bu),古縣(xian)中東部(bu)(bu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)石(shi)山地貌區,平(ping)均海拔1000米,面(mian)積581.56平(ping)方公里(li),是(shi)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)與石(shi)質(zhi)間雜(za)區域。區內河(he)(he)溝縱(zong)橫(heng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)石(shi)交錯,地表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)松(song)散(san),經(jing)長(chang)期(qi)沖(chong)刷(shua)后支離破碎,植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)覆蓋(gai)較差。澗河(he)(he)、舊縣(xian)河(he)(he)、石(shi)壁(bi)河(he)(he)沖(chong)淤而(er)成(cheng)的(de)河(he)(he)谷川(chuan)地土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥沃,沿河(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地開墾比例較大,且(qie)氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)長(chang),雨量(liang)適(shi)中,水源充(chong)足,發(fa)展種植(zhi)(zhi)業條(tiao)件(jian)優越。南部(bu)(bu)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)溝壑(he)區,平(ping)均海拔898米,面(mian)積179.47平(ping)方公里(li),區內丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)起伏(fu),溝壑(he)縱(zong)橫(heng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層較厚,植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)覆蓋(gai)較差,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏松(song),水土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)流失(shi)嚴重。該區土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地資(zi)源廣闊,垣田面(mian)積大,光照充(chong)足,氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)。古縣(xian)屬暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)候。四季(ji)分明,春季(ji)干旱(han)多(duo)風,氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)回升快,夏季(ji)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)多(duo)雨,秋(qiu)季(ji)涼爽濕潤,冬季(ji)寒冷干燥。境內年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)11.8℃。總(zong)熱量(liang)比較豐富(fu),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日(ri)照達2278.8小時(shi),日(ri)照率為51.7%,初霜(shuang)(shuang)日(ri)期(qi)10月(yue)20日(ri)左右(you),終霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)4月(yue)14日(ri)左右(you),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)183天(tian)。這(zhe)些條(tiao)件(jian)非常適(shi)宜核(he)(he)桃(tao)等油料(liao)類(lei)作物的(de)生長(chang),這(zhe)正(zheng)是(shi)形成(cheng)古縣(xian)核(he)(he)桃(tao)優良(liang)品質(zhi)的(de)原因。
2.栽培歷史
古縣(xian)核(he)桃生產(chan)歷(li)史悠久,源遠流長。史載(zai),核(he)桃栽(zai)培(pei)起源于公(gong)元前139年,西(xi)(xi)漢博望侯張(zhang)騫(qian)出(chu)使西(xi)(xi)域,帶回核(he)桃,廣(guang)播(bo)霍岳,即后來的(de)古縣(xian)北平、古陽和下冶(ye)一帶。
建(jian)(jian)國(guo)以后(hou),古(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)核(he)桃發(fa)展很快。20世紀(ji)50年代,古(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府(fu)向全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人民發(fa)出了(le)“每戶種植一升(sheng)核(he)桃”的號召(zhao),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)掀起(qi)了(le)種植核(he)桃的高(gao)(gao)潮;1958年,國(guo)務院(yuan)授于“干(gan)果之鄉”稱號,成為山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)三大核(he)桃產區之一;改(gai)革開放以來,古(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)核(he)桃得到迅猛發(fa)展,1986年列入山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)“星火計劃”;1993年國(guo)務院(yuan)確定古(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)為“高(gao)(gao)產、優(you)質、高(gao)(gao)效”核(he)桃示范(fan)基地(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian);1994年8月山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)在古(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)召(zhao)開了(le)“推廣先進(jin)技術、建(jian)(jian)設核(he)桃優(you)質高(gao)(gao)產示范(fan)基地(di)”現場(chang)會;同年,林業部授予“全(quan)國(guo)經(jing)濟林建(jian)(jian)設先進(jin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”稱號,古(gu)(gu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)跨入了(le)中國(guo)核(he)桃生產先進(jin)行列。
3.品質特點
《本(ben)草綱目》稱:核(he)桃(tao)“補氣(qi)益(yi)血,潤(run)燥化痰,益(yi)命門,利三(san)健(jian),溫肺潤(run)腸(chang)”。古(gu)縣核(he)桃(tao)皮薄、仁滿、出(chu)油率(lv)高,生食甘美適口,炒食齒頰留香。經中國科學院植物(wu)(wu)研(yan)究所分析測定,古(gu)縣核(he)桃(tao)屬(shu)優質(zhi)(zhi)核(he)桃(tao),營養豐富,含(han)有多種氨基(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)、維生素和礦物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)元素,α-γ不飽(bao)和脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)(suan)含(han)量達12%,是含(han)量最高的天然食品;8種人體必需而且自身不能(neng)合成的氨基(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)中,古(gu)縣核(he)桃(tao)就(jiu)含(han)有蘇氨酸(suan)(suan)、纈(xie)氨酸(suan)(suan)、蛋氨酸(suan)(suan)、異(yi)亮(liang)(liang)氨酸(suan)(suan)、亮(liang)(liang)氨酸(suan)(suan)、苯(ben)丙氨酸(suan)(suan)和賴氨酸(suan)(suan)7種。具有健(jian)腦益(yi)腦,增強能(neng)力,愎(bi)復疲勞,增強記(ji)憶,壯陽補氣(qi),降脂(zhi)強身,潤(run)肌烏發(fa),延年(nian)益(yi)壽之功效。
4.生產情況
古(gu)縣種(zhong)植品種(zhong)主要有:晉(jin)龍(long)1號(hao)(hao)、遼(liao)核(he)1號(hao)(hao)、遼(liao)核(he)3號(hao)(hao)等11個優良品種(zhong),其中晉(jin)龍(long)1號(hao)(hao)獲得了(le)“山西省(sheng)名(ming)優核(he)桃的(de)稱號(hao)(hao)”,在古(gu)縣得到了(le)大面(mian)積的(de)推廣。
核(he)桃(tao)生(sheng)產作為(wei)古縣(xian)(xian)(xian)高優農業(ye)的拳頭產業(ye),形成了老中新(xin)三(san)大(da)核(he)桃(tao)區:核(he)桃(tao)老區分(fen)布(bu)在該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)部(bu)的石(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)森林區,主要(yao)(yao)包(bao)括(kuo)北(bei)平、古陽兩個鄉(xiang)鎮,樹(shu)齡在50年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)上,面積(ji)0.6348萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝,株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)數(shu)9.5232萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);核(he)桃(tao)中齡區分(fen)布(bu)在中部(bu)的土(tu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)區,包(bao)括(kuo)岳陽、石(shi)(shi)(shi)壁和(he)舊縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的部(bu)分(fen)鄉(xiang)村,樹(shu)齡30—40年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng),面積(ji)1.348萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝,株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)數(shu)20.221萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);核(he)桃(tao)新(xin)區主要(yao)(yao)在南部(bu)的黃土(tu)丘陵區,包(bao)括(kuo)舊縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、岳陽、石(shi)(shi)(shi)必的大(da)部(bu)分(fen)和(he)永樂、南垣等鄉(xiang)鎮,樹(shu)齡在20年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)下,面積(ji)14.0172萬(wan)(wan)(wan)畝,株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)數(shu)290.21萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。21世紀初,該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)核(he)桃(tao)以(yi)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)新(xin)栽100萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的速(su)度增長(chang),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)總規(gui)模(mo)達到680萬(wan)(wan)(wan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),產量(liang)750萬(wan)(wan)(wan)斤,農民人均(jun)收入(ru)(ru)550元,人均(jun)面積(ji)、株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)數(shu)、產量(liang)、收入(ru)(ru)多年(nian)(nian)(nian)來穩居山(shan)西(xi)省第一。