一.產地環境
忻(xin)州(zhou)(zhou)市地(di)(di)處山(shan)西省(sheng)北中(zhong)部,東(dong)經112°17'~112°58',北38°13'~38°41',無霜期(qi)167.1天,平均地(di)(di)表氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)14℃~12.8℃,年降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)420-470毫米(mi)。悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)植歷史(shi)、獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)理位置、地(di)(di)質條件(jian)(jian)以及(ji)日照(zhao)、水(shui)(shui)肥(fei)等優勢(shi)最適合(he)甜(tian)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長,其營養、糖分的(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)累聚合(he)和(he)含量(liang)等均優于(yu)其他地(di)(di)區。忻(xin)州(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)米(mi)是秋(qiu)糧作物,喜光(guang)(guang)(guang)、喜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),從(cong)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)出(chu)苗到成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)個生(sheng)長發育(yu)要求(qiu)有較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度、充(chong)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽光(guang)(guang)(guang)和(he)水(shui)(shui)分條件(jian)(jian)。它生(sheng)長發育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個階(jie)段對氣(qi)象(xiang)條件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)很(hen)高,從(cong)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)到出(chu)苗需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)少,出(chu)苗拔(ba)節期(qi)需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)增加,拔(ba)節期(qi)至抽雄期(qi)需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)大增,灌漿期(qi)及(ji)成(cheng)熟期(qi)仍耗水(shui)(shui)較多,乳熟期(qi)以后(hou)需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)逐漸減少,即(ji)生(sheng)長發育(yu)對降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)求(qiu)是兩頭(tou)少中(zhong)間多,4月—5月份需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)少,6月—8月需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)最多,9月份后(hou)又(you)(you)較少。忻(xin)州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)特點正好與甜(tian)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)生(sheng)長發育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)特點相吻合(he)。忻(xin)州(zhou)(zhou)又(you)(you)屬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶半干旱(han)氣(qi)候,其溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度和(he)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)條件(jian)(jian)極適宜于(yu)甜(tian)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長發育(yu)所需(xu)(xu)氣(qi)象(xiang)條件(jian)(jian),同時忻(xin)州(zhou)(zhou)晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大形(xing)成(cheng)甜(tian)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)糖份積(ji)累多,香甜(tian)軟糯(nuo)(nuo),品質極佳。忻(xin)州(zhou)(zhou)甜(tian)糯(nuo)(nuo)玉(yu)米(mi)集雜糧、蔬菜、水(shui)(shui)果三性為一(yi)體,倍受人們青睞(lai)。
二.品質特點
忻州(zhou)(zhou)甜糯玉(yu)米種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)(duo)、品質極(ji)佳。鮮(xian)食甜糯玉(yu)米又(you)似(si)雜糧、又(you)似(si)蔬菜、又(you)似(si)水果,是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獨特的新型(xing)健康食品;忻州(zhou)(zhou)市甜糯玉(yu)米由于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區域(yu)無(wu)霜期(qi)間長(chang)、光照充(chong)足、晝夜溫差(cha)較(jiao)(jiao)大,因(yin)此糖分積累多(duo)(duo),香甜軟(ruan)糯品質好,名(ming)列全(quan)中國前茅(mao)。另外從種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)上講不(bu)僅(jin)有甜、糯之(zhi)分,速(su)凍與(yu)真空包(bao)裝之(zhi)分,鮮(xian)穗(sui)和鮮(xian)粒之(zhi)分,而且有黃、白、黑、紫五彩等多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),尤其是(shi)大多(duo)(duo)數企業已獲得了綠色食品認證,在全(quan)中國享(xiang)受盛譽(yu)。加工過(guo)程無(wu)任何添加劑(ji),為“原生態食品”。
三.生產情況
忻州(zhou)(zhou)是中(zhong)國最早引(yin)進種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)并加工(gong)的地(di)(di)區(qu),全(quan)(quan)市糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)從(cong)20世(shi)紀九十(shi)年代末(mo)的1萬(wan)多畝(mu),2005年發(fa)展(zhan)到10萬(wan)畝(mu),成為(wei)山西省糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)最大的地(di)(di)區(qu)。全(quan)(quan)市加工(gong)糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)的企(qi)業(ye)(ye)有30多家(jia),注冊了天維(wei)爾、維(wei)寶甜(tian)、三力(li)、穗(sui)穗(sui)甜(tian)等七(qi)八個商(shang)標,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品遠銷(xiao)北京、上海、廣(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)和東南亞國家(jia)。到21世(shi)紀初(chu),忻州(zhou)(zhou)甜(tian)糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化格局(ju)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)形(xing)成。到2011年,已(yi)(yi)發(fa)展(zhan)有甜(tian)糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)加工(gong)、冷貯企(qi)業(ye)(ye)30余(yu)家(jia),訂(ding)單生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)達10萬(wan)余(yu)畝(mu),年產(chan)(chan)(chan)量達2.5億穗(sui)左右。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品遠銷(xiao)中(zhong)國各地(di)(di),有的通過沿海進出口貿易(yi)公司銷(xiao)往海外(wai)。同時在(zai)發(fa)展(zhan)過程中(zhong)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)培養與(yu)鍛(duan)煉(lian)出一批種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植與(yu)加工(gong)技術人才。為(wei)了該產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)健康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan),以市農業(ye)(ye)委員會牽頭,聯(lian)合(he)有關加工(gong)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)及基地(di)(di)與(yu)各級農技部門(men)(men),已(yi)(yi)專門(men)(men)成立了忻州(zhou)(zhou)市甜(tian)糯(nuo)玉米(mi)(mi)合(he)作協會,為(wei)該產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)能(neng)夠對企(qi)業(ye)(ye)與(yu)基地(di)(di)提供產(chan)(chan)(chan)前(qian)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)后全(quan)(quan)方位(wei)服務。
四.自然生態環(huan)境(jing)和人文歷史因(yin)素(su)
1.氣候情況:忻府(fu)區屬暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)風氣候,夏(xia)季(ji)多(duo)東(dong)南風,冬季(ji)多(duo)西北風,春溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)高于秋(qiu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),夏(xia)季(ji)過后秋(qiu)高氣爽(shuang)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)時數為2677.7小時。無(wu)霜(shuang)期均(jun)(jun)在167天左右。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)地表(biao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度14.4-12.8℃,有效積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為3050℃--3490℃。年(nian)降水量420—470毫(hao)米,主要集中在7、8、9三個月,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)相對濕(shi)度60%,年(nian)蒸發量1768mm。由于無(wu)霜(shuang)期長,光照(zhao)充(chong)足,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差大,糖份積(ji)累多(duo),因此這里產的糯(nuo)玉(yu)米香甜軟糯(nuo),品質極(ji)佳,是產品的獨(du)特生長氣候條件。
2.水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi):包(bao)括水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)情況及影響(xiang)因子。忻(xin)府區(qu)境內(nei)有(you)(you)滹(hu)沱河、云(yun)中河、牧馬河三條(tiao)較大(da)的(de)(de)河流(liu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文地(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)件受地(di)質(zhi)構(gou)造、自(zi)然地(di)理(li)條(tiao)件等的(de)(de)綜合(he)影響(xiang),甚為(wei)(wei)復(fu)雜(za)多樣,從(cong)山(shan)區(qu)到平(ping)原(yuan),有(you)(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)規律性,基(ji)巖山(shan)地(di)有(you)(you)裂隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),山(shan)麓(lu)邊沿洪積物中的(de)(de)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是境內(nei)重要的(de)(de)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)類型之一,盆(pen)地(di)中的(de)(de)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及承壓(ya)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),更是忻(xin)府區(qu)重要的(de)(de)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)類型,也(ye)是農(nong)田灌溉(gai)(gai)的(de)(de)重要水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)符合(he)有(you)(you)機食品相應的(de)(de)標準要求(NY-X123-2000),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)質(zhi)量(liang)合(he)格(ge)。區(qu)域(yu)可開(kai)采的(de)(de)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1.13億立方(fang)米,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)較為(wei)(wei)豐富。境內(nei)有(you)(you)三座水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku):米家寨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、雙乳山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)和歲興(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)。前兩座位于(yu)云(yun)中河的(de)(de)干流(liu)上,即將投入使用的(de)(de)歲興(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)位于(yu)牧馬河的(de)(de)干流(liu)上,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)控制流(liu)域(yu)面積496平(ping)方(fang)公里,庫(ku)容2903萬立方(fang)米,含儲了豐富的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan),為(wei)(wei)調節氣候、保持水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土、保護(hu)植被、灌溉(gai)(gai)農(nong)田提供(gong)了得天獨厚的(de)(de)條(tiao)件。
3.土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況:忻府區(qu)(qu)(qu)境內(nei)地形(xing)西(xi)高(gao)東低,西(xi)南兩面(mian)為山(shan)地、丘陵,東面(mian)為忻定盆(pen)地,北面(mian)金銀山(shan)把盆(pen)地分割成奇村寬(kuan)谷和滹沱(tuo)河階地兩部分,境內(nei)平(ping)(ping)川多而山(shan)地少,平(ping)(ping)川占40.7%,山(shan)地占20%,其余39.3%為丘陵區(qu)(qu)(qu)。盆(pen)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)由(you)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)丘陵、山(shan)前傾斜(xie)平(ping)(ping)原和沖積平(ping)(ping)原組成,地形(xing)平(ping)(ping)坦,水利和土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤條(tiao)件較(jiao)好,全區(qu)(qu)(qu)耕地土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型為褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤養分有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為13.61g/kg,堿解氮78.56mg/kg,有(you)效磷15.31mg/kg,速效鉀131.61mg/kg。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤pH值(zhi)7.5-8.2,呈(cheng)中(zhong)性或微堿性。城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)東、西(xi)素有(you)“水旱紅精”之稱,是山(shan)西(xi)省主要商品糧基地之一。