一.產品介紹
萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)分布在萬(wan)(wan)榮縣(xian)(xian)萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、南張鄉(xiang)(xiang)所(suo)屬的(de)28個(ge)行政(zheng)村(cun),地域保(bao)護(hu)范(fan)圍東(dong)經(jing)35°21′37″~35°26′27″,北(bei)緯110°39′11″~110°49′49″,種植(zhi)面積 894.6公頃,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)6.5萬(wan)(wan)噸。萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)頗負盛名(ming),距今已有一千(qian)多年(nian)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)歷史,在唐朝時(shi)曾(ceng)作(zuo)為貢品(pin)進獻。《萬(wan)(wan)榮縣(xian)(xian)志》上(shang)記載(zai):本縣(xian)(xian)所(suo)產(chan)(chan)大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong),層多、肉厚,蔥(cong)(cong)桿長(chang)達1市尺,形(xing)如鞭桿,故名(ming)鞭桿蔥(cong)(cong)。萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)產(chan)(chan)量高、品(pin)質(zhi)好、桿粗(cu)桿長(chang)、潔白(bai)鮮嫩,辣甜適(shi)度,營養豐富、健脾養胃、耐貯宜存、上(shang)市期(qi)長(chang),是人們吃飯不可(ke)缺少的(de)調味品(pin)。萬(wan)(wan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)大(da)(da)蔥(cong)(cong)中的(de)糖(tang)、粗(cu)纖(xian)維、粗(cu)蛋白(bai)、鈣(gai)、鋅、鐵、蘋果酸等(deng)多種礦(kuang)物(wu)質(zhi)及微量元素含量均居國家同類(lei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)之首,具有極大(da)(da)的(de)藥用價值,有健康、養胃、解熱(re)發(fa)汗,補(bu)虛助(zhu)陽等(deng)特殊功(gong)效。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況:萬泉鄉(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處晉、豫、陜三(san)角州,黃金地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)段,運城(cheng)市(shi)西北(bei),孤峰山背陰(yin),黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)高原(yuan),峨眉丘陵臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),位于(yu)萬榮縣城(cheng)正(zheng)南山基(ji)巖中(zhong)山區,分(fen)布在孤山北(bei)坡一帶(dai),海拔600-800多米,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)東南高西北(bei)低(di),呈百分(fen)5公里(li),屬于(yu)孤之五的(de)坡度(du)(du)漸趨次(ci)降低(di)的(de)三(san)級(ji)臺(tai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing),PH值在8左右,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou)、肥(fei)沃,通透性(xing)(xing)好,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)養分(fen)狀(zhuang)況:有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)平(ping)均(jun)12.42g/kg,全(quan)氮約(yue)(yue)0.74 g/kg,有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)磷約(yue)(yue)14.54mg/kg,速效(xiao)鉀(jia)約(yue)(yue)160.50mg/kg,緩效(xiao)鉀(jia)約(yue)(yue)838.3mg/kg,有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)銅約(yue)(yue)26.87mg/kg,有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)鋅(xin)約(yue)(yue)1.27mg/kg,有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)鐵約(yue)(yue)4.9g/kg。有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)硼約(yue)(yue)0.27 g/kg,有(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)鉬約(yue)(yue)0.14g/kg.土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)較粗,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層較薄(bo),約(yue)(yue)180-200m,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)透水(shui)透氣性(xing)(xing)良好,排澇(lao)能力強。水(shui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)度(du)(du)流失,周圍(wei)無(wu)(wu)化工企業,基(ji)本無(wu)(wu)污染(ran),以(yi)上(shang)條(tiao)件基(ji)本適宜大(da)(da)蔥栽(zai)培。水(shui)文情(qing)況:地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)資源豐富,灌溉水(shui)均(jun)符合無(wu)(wu)公害食品(pin)相應標準的(de)要求,水(shui)質質量(liang)(liang)合格(ge),全(quan)鄉(xiang)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)井11眼,單井出水(shui)量(liang)(liang)為25-50方/小時(shi),機(ji)井基(ji)本配套。當地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)灌溉主要是管灌,基(ji)本上(shang)能滿足大(da)(da)蔥生育關鍵期(qi)用(yong)水(shui),極有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)優質大(da)(da)蔥的(de)生產。氣候(hou)情(qing)況:氣候(hou)屬暖溫(wen)帶(dai)大(da)(da)陸(lu)性(xing)(xing)季風(feng)氣候(hou),暖劇烈,四季分(fen)明,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)11.8℃,日照時(shi)數(shu)2364小時(shi),年(nian)(nian)降雨量(liang)(liang)550mm,無(wu)(wu)霜189天(tian),農作物平(ping)均(jun)生長(chang)期(qi)257天(tian),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)凍(dong)結期(qi)105天(tian),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)蒸發量(liang)(liang)1862.8mm,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)光(guang)照2364.3小時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)11.8度(du)(du),最(zui)高平(ping)均(jun)25.6度(du)(du),最(zui)低(di)-3.9度(du)(du),0-20cm年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)土(tu)(tu)(tu)溫(wen)13度(du)(du)。
三.地域范圍
根據《農產品地理標志(zhi)登記管理辦(ban)法(fa)》的規定以及大蔥特有的自然生態環境(jing)條(tiao)件,經縣政(zheng)(zheng)府和縣農委研究決定,劃(hua)定萬(wan)(wan)(wan)榮縣大蔥地理標志(zhi)地域保護范圍(wei):萬(wan)(wan)(wan)泉(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、南(nan)(nan)張(zhang)(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)所屬的28個行政(zheng)(zheng)村(cun)(cun)(cun),具(ju)體(ti)包(bao)括(kuo)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)泉(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的橋頭、橋上、柳(liu)家(jia)院、屬里、東(dong)丁、西丁、萬(wan)(wan)(wan)泉(quan)、北(bei)(bei)澗、北(bei)(bei)里、廟后(hou)、楊(yang)家(jia)垛、林山、荊村(cun)(cun)(cun)、荊淮(huai)(huai)、澗薛(xue);南(nan)(nan)張(zhang)(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的太趙、薛(xue)李、百帝、李家(jia)、王家(jia)、尚(shang)家(jia)、姚家(jia)、南(nan)(nan)張(zhang)(zhang)、閆村(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)蘇(su)馮、西蘇(su)馮、萬(wan)(wan)(wan)榮莊、范村(cun)(cun)(cun)。東(dong)到(dao)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)泉(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)荊淮(huai)(huai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、西到(dao)南(nan)(nan)張(zhang)(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)榮莊村(cun)(cun)(cun)、南(nan)(nan)到(dao)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)泉(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)柳(liu)家(jia)院村(cun)(cun)(cun)、北(bei)(bei)到(dao)南(nan)(nan)張(zhang)(zhang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)太趙村(cun)(cun)(cun),經度35°21′36.6″--35°26′27.0″,緯度110°39′11.0″--110°49′49.3″產地面積 894.6公頃,年(nian)產大蔥65000噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
1.產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特(te)色萬泉(quan)鄉以獨特(te)的(de)地理(li)優勢(shi)和氣候環境(jing),養育著大(da)(da)蔥栽植(zhi)有600年的(de)歷史,萬泉(quan)大(da)(da)蔥產(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)、品(pin)(pin)質好、桿(gan)粗(cu)桿(gan)長(chang)、潔(jie)白(bai)鮮嫩,辣甜適(shi)度(du),營養豐富(fu)、健脾(pi)養胃、耐貯宜(yi)存、上市期(qi)長(chang),也是(shi)人們吃飯不可缺少的(de)調味品(pin)(pin)。萬泉(quan)大(da)(da)蔥中的(de)糖、粗(cu)纖維(wei)、粗(cu)蛋(dan)白(bai)、鈣、鋅(xin)、鐵、蘋果酸等(deng)多種礦物質及微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素含量(liang)(liang)均居國家同類產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)之首,具有極(ji)大(da)(da)的(de)藥用價值,有健康、養胃、解熱發汗,補虛助陽等(deng)特(te)殊功效。其中鉀(jia)144-167mg/100g,維(wei)生素C17-21mg/100g,鈣29-33mg/100g,磷30-37mg/100g,鎂8-11mg/100g。
2. 產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安全規定:嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照農委統一印制的農產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生產記錄(lu)建立地理標(biao)志農產品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)“萬(wan)泉”牌萬(wan)泉大(da)蔥的生產檔案,詳(xiang)細記錄(lu)投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的采購地、名稱、用量方法(fa)、注意(yi)事項等,并對各個生產環節所采取的技術措施嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照標(biao)準化生產技術規程進行并做(zuo)好記錄(lu)。對每(mei)批商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)要嚴(yan)格(ge)執行巡檢和抽樣檢查(cha),并按(an)農戶編(bian)號做(zuo)好登記,嚴(yan)格(ge)執行嚴(yan)格(ge)準出(chu)和市場(chang)準入制度。
五.特定(ding)生產方式
萬泉大(da)(da)蔥在生產(chan)地塊選(xuan)擇、品種選(xuan)擇、栽植、土肥水管理(li)、病(bing)蟲(chong)害防治(zhi) 收獲等(deng)生產(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)中嚴格執行無(wu)公害大(da)(da)蔥標準化(hua)生產(chan)技術操作規程(cheng)(cheng)
1.產(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)產(chan)(chan)地(di)條件(jian)符合(he)《無(wu)公害食品蔬菜產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條件(jian)》(NY5010-2002)的要求。產(chan)(chan)地(di)遠(yuan)離(li)“工(gong)業(ye)三廢(fei)”污染源2km以上(shang),且離(li)醫(yi)院、學校、居民區、公路(lu)主干線500m以上(shang),空氣良好(hao)的地(di)塊作為(wei)產(chan)(chan)地(di)。
2.品種選擇及生產過程管理:育苗育苗方式:露地育苗。品種選擇:選用優質、抗病、高產的品種,如:章丘大蔥、萬泉牌1號、家祿1號等。種子質量:應選用當年新種子,符合GB8079種子標準。用種量:每667m2用種3kg-4kg。種子處理:用55℃溫水攪拌浸種20分鐘-30分鐘,或用0.2%高錳酸鉀溶液浸種20分鐘-30分鐘,撈出洗凈晾干后播種。育苗床準備:選地勢平坦,排灌方便,土質肥沃,近三年未種過蔥蒜類蔬菜的地塊。結合整地每667m2施腐熟有機肥3000公斤左右,適量施入氮磷肥,淺耕細耙,整平作畦。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):在9月(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)旬進(jin)行(xing)(xing)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),先澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)足(zu)底水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)滲后(hou)(hou)(hou)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)均(jun)勻(yun)播撒與床面,覆細土(tu)(tu)0.8cm-1.0cm。苗(miao)(miao)期(qi)管理(li)(li):苗(miao)(miao)出(chu)齊后(hou)(hou)(hou),保(bao)持土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)見干見濕,適當控制水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),上(shang)凍(dong)前(qian)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)一次(ci)凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。翌年春季(ji)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)解凍(dong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)及時澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)返青水(shui)(shui)(shui),幼苗(miao)(miao)返青后(hou)(hou)(hou)結(jie)合澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)每667m2追施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)4kg(折尿素(su)8.7kg)。間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)1-2次(ci),苗(miao)(miao)距(ju)(ju)3cm-4cm見方,定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)7天-10天停止澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)準備前(qian)茬(cha):為(wei)非蔥蒜類蔬菜。整地(di)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):地(di)面撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)下殺蟲劑,噴打(da)氟樂靈除(chu)(chu)草劑,施(shi)(shi)(shi)足(zu)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),每667m2撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)優質有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)3000公斤左(zuo)右(缺少農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),可用腐(fu)植(zhi)(zhi)酸肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)100-200kg),氮肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N)3kg(折尿素(su)6.5kg),過(guo)磷酸鈣50kg,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)用鏇(xuan)(xuan)耕(geng)器鏇(xuan)(xuan)好(hao)地(di)待栽(zai)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)期(qi):4月(yue)下旬、5月(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)旬密度(du):每667m212000株(zhu)-22000株(zhu),行(xing)(xing)株(zhu)距(ju)(ju)60cm-80cm×5cm-7cm。方法:蔥苗(miao)(miao)要(yao)分(fen)級,按大、中(zhong)、小苗(miao)(miao)分(fen)開(kai)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。用犁(li)開(kai)溝,人(ren)工(gong)插,在開(kai)好(hao)的蔥溝內(nei),將蔥苗(miao)(miao)插入溝底,深度(du)以(yi)下埋住五杈股為(wei)宜,兩(liang)邊壓實后(hou)(hou)(hou)再澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)管理(li)(li)中(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草:定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)緩苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou),天氣逐(zhu)漸進(jin)入炎熱夏(xia)季(ji),植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)處于(yu)半休眠狀態,中(zhong)耕(geng)保(bao)墑,清除(chu)(chu)雜草,雨(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)及時排出(chu)田間(jian)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)管理(li)(li):進(jin)入8月(yue)份,大蔥開(kai)始旺盛生(sheng)長,要(yao)保(bao)持土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)濕潤,逐(zhu)漸增加澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)次(ci)數(shu)和加大水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang),收獲前(qian)7天-10天停止澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui);追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)尿素(su)、硫(liu)酸銨為(wei)主,結(jie)合澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui),分(fen)別于(yu)立(li)秋(qiu)、白(bai)露兩(liang)個節氣,每667m2追施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)10-15kg。生(sheng)長中(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)還可用0.5%磷酸二氫鉀(jia)溶液、氨基酸葉面肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等葉面追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2-3次(ci)。培土(tu)(tu):為(wei)軟化蔥白(bai),防止倒(dao)伏,要(yao)結(jie)合追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)澆(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、雨(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)4次(ci)培土(tu)(tu)。將行(xing)(xing)間(jian)的潮濕土(tu)(tu)盡量(liang)培到蔥稈兩(liang)側并拍實,以(yi)不(bu)埋住五杈股為(wei)宜。
3.產(chan)(chan)品收獲(huo)(huo)及產(chan)(chan)后處理規定收獲(huo)(huo)時(shi)(shi)期:據(ju)市場需要(yao),隨時(shi)(shi)收獲(huo)(huo)上市。收獲(huo)(huo)方式:收獲(huo)(huo)大(da)蔥時(shi)(shi),可用鐵鍬(qiao)將(jiang)蔥壟一側挖活,露出(chu)蔥白(bai)后再(zai)用手輕拔,切(qie)忌猛拔,猛拔蔥白(bai)、拉斷(duan)莖盤或(huo)斷(duan)根(gen)而(er)降低商品質量(liang)。收獲(huo)(huo)后的(de)(de)(de)大(da)蔥應(ying)抖凈泥土,攤放在(zai)地里,鋪成(cheng)一排(pai),在(zai)地里晾曬2-3天。待葉片柔軟,須根(gen)和蔥白(bai)表(biao)層半干時(shi)(shi),除去枯葉,分級捆綁,每捆5kg-10kg。在(zai)大(da)蔥的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)過程中,嚴把各個(ge)關口,確(que)保產(chan)(chan)品質量(liang)合格(ge)。在(zai)大(da)蔥收獲(huo)(huo)前,要(yao)組織檢驗(yan)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)對(dui)產(chan)(chan)品進行農(nong)藥殘留(liu)速(su)測(ce)(ce)。注重檢驗(yan)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)業(ye)務素質的(de)(de)(de)提高,思想覺悟的(de)(de)(de)提高,要(yao)求檢測(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)抱(bao)著(zhu)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)民(min)健(jian)康(kang)高度負(fu)責的(de)(de)(de)精神,對(dui)每個(ge)檢測(ce)(ce)數據(ju)負(fu)責,減少人(ren)(ren)為(wei)誤差。不斷(duan)地對(dui)檢測(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)加強培訓(xun),外出(chu)參觀,提高掌握先進的(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)(ce)技術(shu),確(que)保人(ren)(ren)民(min)群眾的(de)(de)(de)身體(ti)健(jian)康(kang)。
4. 生產記錄要求:化(hua)肥農藥使(shi)用情況化(hua)肥、農藥具體使(shi)用辦法:三氟氯(lv)氰(qing),6月份(fen)和(he)8月份(fen)各噴一次(ci),2.5%的三氟氯(lv)氫(qing)菊(ju)酯2000-3000倍液,防治(zhi)大蔥(cong)薊馬、大蔥(cong)斑潛蠅。阿維菌素(su),9月(yue)(yue)份用1.8%阿維菌素(su)乳油(you)3-4.5PPM噴霧,防治大蔥斑(ban)潛蠅。代森錳鋅(xin),9月(yue)(yue)中旬開始每隔15天噴一次1000-1500倍液連噴2-3次,防治霜霉病、灰霉病。氟樂靈,用(yong)48%的氟樂靈除草劑在(zai)4月底到5月初兌(dui)水進行噴灑地面。過磷(lin)酸鈣,作為(wei)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)50公斤。尿(niao)素,作為(wei)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),7月(yue)中(zhong)旬、8月(yue)下(xia)旬畝(mu)追15公斤左右(you)(you)。農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照國(guo)家頒布的(de)(de)《農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)合(he)理使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則(ze)(ze)》和《農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)安全使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)標準執行(xing)(xing)》,在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產上不(bu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國(guo)家明令(ling)禁止的(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。如:甲胺磷(lin)、久效磷(lin)、對(dui)(dui)硫(liu)磷(lin)、甲基對(dui)(dui)硫(liu)磷(lin)和磷(lin)胺等。農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)要有(you)(you)專人負(fu)責(ze)登記保(bao)管,保(bao)管人員核(he)對(dui)(dui)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)數量、品種和“三(san)證”后,方(fang)(fang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)入(ru)庫(ku)。農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)技術人員的(de)(de)指導(dao)下(xia)適時(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),對(dui)(dui)癥施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),交替(ti)施(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。嚴(yan)格(ge)掌握農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)安全間(jian)隔期,及時(shi)做(zuo)好(hao)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)田(tian)間(jian)檔案記錄(lu)。嚴(yan)格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)合(he)理使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則(ze)(ze)。根(gen)據土壤化(hua)驗成(cheng)果配(pei)方(fang)(fang)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原(yuan)則(ze)(ze):以(yi)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,以(yi)施(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)輔,盡量限制化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。對(dui)(dui)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)種類(lei)、來源使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)情況要做(zuo)詳(xiang)細記錄(lu)。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“三(san)證”俱全的(de)(de)產品,不(bu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)城(cheng)市生(sheng)(sheng)活垃圾,施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)必須經過腐熟無害(hai)化(hua)處理方(fang)(fang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)污水(shui)灌(guan)(guan)溉大蔥,杜(du)絕一切有(you)(you)害(hai)物(wu)質進(jin)入(ru)農(nong)田(tian)。病蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)物(wu)理防(fang)治(zhi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)糖、醋、酒、水(shui)、敵(di)百(bai)蟲(chong)晶體按(an)3:3:1:10:0.5的(de)(de)比例配(pei)成(cheng)溶液(ye)(ye)(ye),裝入(ru)小瓶(ping)中(zhong),支撐于(yu)田(tian)間(jian),保(bao)持不(bu)干,誘殺蔥蠅(ying)等害(hai)蟲(chong)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑防(fang)治(zhi):霜霉病發(fa)(fa)病初期噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)70%代(dai)森(sen)錳(meng)鋅(xin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑1000-1500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)75%百(bai)菌(jun)清(qing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑600倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),隔7-10天(tian)1次(ci)(ci)(ci),連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)防(fang)治(zhi)2-3次(ci)(ci)(ci)。銹病發(fa)(fa)病初期噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)15%三(san)唑酮可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑2000-2500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),隔10天(tian)左右(you)(you)1次(ci)(ci)(ci),連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)防(fang)治(zhi)2-3次(ci)(ci)(ci)。紫(zi)斑病發(fa)(fa)病初期噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)75%百(bai)菌(jun)清(qing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑500-600倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)70%代(dai)森(sen)錳(meng)鋅(xin)1000-1500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)50%撲(pu)海(hai)因(yin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑1500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),隔7-10天(tian)噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)1次(ci)(ci)(ci),連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)防(fang)治(zhi)3-4次(ci)(ci)(ci),均有(you)(you)較好(hao)的(de)(de)效果。黑斑病噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)75%百(bai)菌(jun)清(qing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑600倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)50%撲(pu)海(hai)因(yin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑1500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),隔7-10天(tian)噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)1次(ci)(ci)(ci),連(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)防(fang)治(zhi)3-4次(ci)(ci)(ci)。灰霉病用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%撲(pu)海(hai)因(yin)1500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),或(huo)(huo)70%代(dai)森(sen)錳(meng)鋅(xin)1000-1500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)。蔥地種蠅(ying)在(zai)成(cheng)蟲(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)期,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2.5%三(san)氟(fu)氯(lv)氰乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)打,也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)對(dui)(dui)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)地蛆蔥田(tian)毒死(si)蜱乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)800倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)灌(guan)(guan)根(gen)。蔥斑潛蠅(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1.8%阿維菌(jun)素乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)。蔥薊馬可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)3%的(de)(de)啶(ding)蟲(chong)脒乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)2000-3000倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)0.26%苦參(can)堿1500倍(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)(ye),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)噴(pen)打防(fang)治(zhi)。