形態特征
喬(qiao)木,高可達15米(mi)(mi),多具有(you)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹冠(guan)和短(duan)(duan)主干(gan);小枝短(duan)(duan)而粗,圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),幼嫩時(shi)(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),老枝紫褐色(se),無毛(mao)(mao)(mao);冬芽卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)鈍,密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至寬(kuan)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長4.5-10厘米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3-5.5厘米(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)急尖,基(ji)部寬(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣具有(you)圓(yuan)(yuan)鈍鋸齒(chi),幼嫩時(shi)(shi)兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)具短(duan)(duan)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao),長成后上(shang)面(mian)(mian)無毛(mao)(mao)(mao);葉(xie)柄(bing)粗壯,長約(yue)1.5-3厘米(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao);托葉(xie)草質(zhi),披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)漸(jian)尖,全緣,密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao),早落(luo)。傘房花(hua)序,具花(hua)3-7朵,集(ji)生(sheng)于(yu)小枝頂端(duan)(duan),花(hua)梗(geng)長1-2.5厘米(mi)(mi),密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);苞片(pian)(pian)膜(mo)質(zhi),線狀披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)漸(jian)尖,全緣,被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)直(zhi)徑3-4厘米(mi)(mi);萼(e)筒外面(mian)(mian)密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);萼(e)片(pian)(pian)三角披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)三角卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長6-8毫米(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)漸(jian)尖,全緣,內(nei)外兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)均密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),萼(e)片(pian)(pian)比(bi)萼(e)筒長;花(hua)瓣(ban)倒(dao)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長15-18毫米(mi)(mi),基(ji)部具短(duan)(duan)爪,白色(se),含苞未放時(shi)(shi)帶粉紅色(se);雄蕊20,花(hua)絲長短(duan)(duan)不齊,約(yue)等于(yu)花(hua)瓣(ban)之半;花(hua)柱5,下半部密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)灰白色(se)絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),較雄蕊稍長。果實扁球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)徑在2厘米(mi)(mi)以上(shang),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)常有(you)隆起,萼(e)洼下陷,萼(e)片(pian)(pian)永存,果梗(geng)短(duan)(duan)粗。花(hua)期(qi)5月,果期(qi)7-10月。
生長環境
鹽源蘋(pin)(pin)果主產(chan)區(qu)均在(zai)海拔2300米―2600米之間的(de)盆地(di)內,具有(you)(you)多日照、半干旱的(de)冷涼高地(di)氣(qi)候特征(zheng),具有(you)(you)四季分明、年溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)小、日溫(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da)、全年無霜期長、冬春干旱、夏秋雨(yu)(yu)量集中以及(ji)雨(yu)(yu)熱同季、日照充足的(de)立體(ti)氣(qi)候特征(zheng)。2010年9月,經國家質(zhi)檢總局(ju)審查,決定對“鹽源蘋(pin)(pin)果”進行(xing)國家地(di)理(li)標志產(chan)品保(bao)護。
分布范圍
鹽(yan)源(yuan)蘋(pin)果地(di)理標志產品(pin)保護產地(di)范圍為四川省鹽(yan)源(yuan)縣鹽(yan)井鎮(zhen)、衛城鎮(zhen)、雙河鄉、干海鄉、下海鄉、梅(mei)雨(yu)鎮(zhen)、白(bai)烏鎮(zhen)、大河鄉、棉椏鄉等(deng)9個鄉鎮(zhen)所(suo)轄行(xing)政區(qu)域。
所獲榮譽
“鹽源蘋果”不(bu)但在國內(nei)享(xiang)有盛譽,而且遠(yuan)銷港澳、東南(nan)亞(ya)等地(di)區,很受歡迎。
1977年,在香港市場,鹽源“三紅(hong)(hong)”(紅(hong)(hong)星(xing)、紅(hong)(hong)冠、紅(hong)(hong)元(yuan)帥),首次以它(ta)獨特的風姿韻味(wei)令外(wai)商一(yi)飽口福,竟使一(yi)向(xiang)走紅(hong)(hong)的美國“蛇果”牌蘋果受到冷(leng)落。
1982年,在北京農業展覽館的(de)展廳里,鹽源“金冠”蘋果光彩奪目一(yi)壓(ya)瓊芳,贏得了“中國的(de)米丘林”的(de)高(gao)度贊揚。
1984年,天津,在中國農(nong)墾系(xi)統(tong)品種更新協(xie)作第二屆年會上,鹽源蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)經(jing)過專(zhuan)家們的嚴格評審打(da)分,“金(jin)冠(guan)”蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)再次奪得色系(xi)第一名(ming)。“紅星”、“紅冠(guan)”、“紅元帥(shuai)”躋身紅色系(xi)冠(guan)軍、亞軍、殿軍。
專用標志
鹽(yan)(yan)源蘋果(guo)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)保護產地(di)范圍內的(de)生產者,可(ke)向(xiang)四(si)(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)鹽(yan)(yan)源縣質量技術(shu)監(jian)督局提出使(shi)用(yong)“地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)專用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)”的(de)申請,經四(si)(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)質量技術(shu)監(jian)督局審核(he),由國家質檢(jian)總局公告批準(zhun)。鹽(yan)(yan)源蘋果(guo)的(de)法定檢(jian)測機構由四(si)(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)質量技術(shu)監(jian)督局負責指定。
質量特色
1.感官特色:
(1)富士(shi)系列:果實長圓形,果面濃紅(hong)或鮮紅(hong),色(se)(se)相片紅(hong)或條紅(hong)色(se)(se)。早熟(shu)富士(shi)系品種(紅(hong)將軍等),果實著(zhu)色(se)(se)≥80%;紅(hong)富士(shi),果實著(zhu)色(se)(se)≥80%。果肉黃白(bai)色(se)(se),肉質細,致密,松脆,汁液多,風味獨(du)特。
(2)金冠系列:果(guo)(guo)實圓錐形,果(guo)(guo)面黃(huang)色、綠(lv)黃(huang)色(部(bu)分(fen)陽面帶紅(hong)暈),果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)黃(huang)白色,肉(rou)質細(xi),致密,松脆,汁液多,酸甜適(shi)中。
2.理化指標:
(1)富(fu)(fu)士系列:紅(hong)將軍可溶性固形(xing)物(wu)≥12.5%,總酸(suan)(suan)≤0.4%,硬(ying)度≥9kg/平方厘米,果實≥150克;紅(hong)富(fu)(fu)士可溶性固形(xing)物(wu)≥15%,總酸(suan)(suan)≤0.33%,硬(ying)度≥9kg/ cm2,果實≥150克。
(2)金冠系(xi)列:可溶性(xing)固形物≥12%,總(zong)酸≤0.4%, 7硬度(du)≥7.2kg/ 平方厘(li)米,果實(shi)≥140克。
3.安全(quan)要(yao)求:產品安全(quan)指標必須達到(dao)國家對同(tong)類產品的相關規定。