品種特性
因樹干木質化而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)小(xiao)樹俗稱(cheng)“樹子(zi)海(hai)椒(jiao)”,是多年(nian)生植物。最初隨著(zhu)藏(zang)傳佛教的(de)(de)傳入(ru)(ru)從印(yin)度引進,后經當地(di)(di)特殊的(de)(de)地(di)(di)理位(wei)置和氣候環境長期栽(zai)培選(xuan)育出(chu)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)原始的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方辣椒(jiao)品(pin)種(zhong)。該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)頭年(nian)以種(zhong)子(zi)育苗移(yi)栽(zai),當年(nian)開花(hua)結果,可(ke)以露地(di)(di)越冬,經冬不死,每年(nian)春(chun)季又可(ke)發生新(xin)芽開花(hua)結果,植株高可(ke)達數米,葉片披針形(xing),果實短角(jiao)形(xing),頂端稍尖,成(cheng)熟后果實金黃(huang)鮮(xian)亮,其(qi)椒(jiao)果肉薄(bo)、辣味(wei)濃,可(ke)開胃健脾(pi),曾(ceng)入(ru)(ru)藏(zang)藥,而(er)其(qi)樹壽命可(ke)長達上百年(nian)。
營養價值
樹椒的(de)主要特(te)點是維生(sheng)(sheng)素E、鈣(gai)、硒(xi)維生(sheng)(sheng)素C、核黃素含量(liang)高。
1、核黃素
樹椒(jiao)中(zhong)含(han)核(he)黃素(su)0.566mg/100g,(干),其營(ying)豐富(fu)。核(he)黃素(su)又(you)稱(cheng)維生素(su)B2,它具有促進生長,預(yu)防(fang)皮膚炎、唇炎等。
2、 維生素E
樹(shu)椒(jiao)中維(wei)(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)E含量(liang)為12.56mg/100g(干),其營養極(ji)其豐富。維(wei)(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)E是一(yi)(yi)種重要的(de)(de)生理活(huo)性物質,維(wei)(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)E是可提高機體免(mian)疫(yi)能力(li),具有保持血紅(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)完整并促進血紅(hong)細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)(de)生物合成的(de)(de)作用等。所以維(wei)(wei)生素(su)(su)(su)E是一(yi)(yi)種經現代科學證實的(de)(de)食品功(gong)能因子。
3、維生素C
樹椒中含(han)維生素C30.4mg/100g(干),其(qi)營養極其(qi)豐富。維生素C在(zai)人(ren)體代謝具有極其(qi)重(zhong)要(yao)的生理功能,如促(cu)進(jin)膠(jiao)原的生物合(he)成,促(cu)進(jin)骨骼和(he)牙(ya)齒生長(chang),促(cu)進(jin)氨基酸(suan)低謝、發源(yuan)對(dui)鐵、鈣和(he)葉酸(suan)的利用(yong)等作用(yong)。
4、微(wei)量(liang)活性元素
樹(shu)(shu)椒中(zhong)含(han)鈣量高,為240mg/100g。鈣對(dui)于人體骨(gu)骼(ge)(ge)和牙齒發育、血液凝固、心(xin)肌和骨(gu)骼(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)收縮、神經細(xi)胞功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)節(jie)有重要(yao)(yao)作用(yong)。樹(shu)(shu)椒中(zhong)硒(xi)(xi)含(han)量為5.2ug/100g,與其相對(dui)照的(de)(de)(de)干辣椒中(zhong)不含(han)硒(xi)(xi)。硒(xi)(xi)是(shi)人體必需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)微量活(huo)性元(yuan)素(su),其重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)可清除人體內產(chan)生過(guo)(guo)多的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性氧自(zi)由基(ji),抑制細(xi)胞膜(mo)的(de)(de)(de)脂(zhi)質過(guo)(guo)氧化(hua),避免其對(dui)組(zu)織細(xi)胞的(de)(de)(de)損傷。延(yan)緩其對(dui)組(zu)織細(xi)胞的(de)(de)(de)衰退老(lao)過(guo)(guo)程,表現(xian)出明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)抗衰老(lao)作用(yong)。
生產情況
得榮縣(xian)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)金沙(sha)江(jiang)下游干熱(re)河(he)谷區域,獨特的地(di)理位(wei)置和氣候條(tiao)件使(shi)這里成為(wei)(wei)“樹椒”特產區。經過(guo)千年(nian)基因變(bian)化(hua)及長(chang)(chang)期栽(zai)培(pei)選育,成為(wei)(wei)該縣(xian)一(yi)種原始地(di)方(fang)辣椒品種。但由于(yu)(yu)效(xiao)益因素,21世紀前的數百年(nian)時間(jian)里,樹椒只是零星而散落地(di)生長(chang)(chang)在當地(di)一(yi)些(xie)鄉村的山(shan)溝地(di)邊。
2002年,得榮縣開始調整農(nong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)結構,經過大量調研和(he)科學論證(zheng),樹椒(jiao)作為當地特產被納入推廣(guang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)經濟作物之一(yi),讓當地適宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)樹椒(jiao)地區的(de)農(nong)戶選種(zhong)(zhong)。
2003年(nian)(nian),得(de)(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)開始(shi)規模(mo)化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao),當年(nian)(nian)規模(mo)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)30畝(mu),2005年(nian)(nian),樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)走出得(de)(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong),順(shun)利在周邊幾個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)域市場(chang)(chang)內(nei)銷(xiao)售,樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)價(jia)格開始(shi)從(cong)每(mei)公(gong)斤(jin)3元(yuan)(yuan)回升(sheng)到(dao)(dao)4元(yuan)(yuan)錢的價(jia)格。為了(le)將(jiang)品(pin)牌(pai)做強,2006年(nian)(nian)5月,經過嚴(yan)格認證(zheng),得(de)(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)又(you)獲得(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)質(zhi)量監(jian)督檢(jian)驗檢(jian)疫(yi)局(ju)認定(ding)的地理(li)標志產(chan)品(pin)保護(hu),加上(shang)周邊銷(xiao)售市場(chang)(chang)的不斷開發,擁有品(pin)牌(pai)的得(de)(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)開始(shi)在國內(nei)市場(chang)(chang)崛起(qi),遠銷(xiao)到(dao)(dao)上(shang)海、廣州等地市場(chang)(chang):當年(nian)(nian),得(de)(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)價(jia)格就從(cong)每(mei)公(gong)斤(jin)4元(yuan)(yuan)上(shang)漲到(dao)(dao)10元(yuan)(yuan),每(mei)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)戶因(yin)此至少多獲利2000余(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)。品(pin)牌(pai)效(xiao)應、市場(chang)(chang)價(jia)格上(shang)漲,給當地樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)戶帶來了(le)甜頭(tou),從(cong)最先的不愿意種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到(dao)(dao)零(ling)星(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),再(zai)從(cong)零(ling)星(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)又(you)不想種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),然后到(dao)(dao)自發種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)開始(shi)當地適宜地區(qu)迅(xun)速發展。2007年(nian)(nian)該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規模(mo)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)200多畝(mu),產(chan)量達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)75噸(dun)左右,但(dan)還(huan)是供不應求(qiu)。 2008,得(de)(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規模(mo)達(da)(da)750多畝(mu),如果按畝(mu)產(chan)750公(gong)斤(jin)計算,得(de)(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)量大概在562.5噸(dun)左右。2010年(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)在得(de)(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)已形成規模(mo)化,該縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)5個鄉、鎮(zhen)先后建立起(qi)了(le)樹(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基地。
產品加工
為(wei)進一(yi)步(bu)打開樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)銷售(shou)(shou)市場,增加(jia)(jia)種植(zhi)戶收(shou)(shou)入,得榮縣2010年投入12萬元(樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)專項資金)委托省(sheng)(sheng)食品研(yan)究院研(yan)發了(le)6個樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)深(shen)加(jia)(jia)工產品。該(gai)(gai)縣根據市場加(jia)(jia)需求積極尋求銷售(shou)(shou)市場,與(yu)四川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)都江堰欣(xin)禾實業有限責任公(gong)司(si)達成樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)生(sheng)產協議,為(wei)康(kang)師傅集團(tuan)公(gong)司(si)提供料包原料。與(yu)此同時(shi)該(gai)(gai)縣還與(yu)四川(chuan)(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)甘孜州華康(kang)進出口(集團(tuan))公(gong)司(si)簽訂了(le)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)加(jia)(jia)工意向(xiang)性協議,加(jia)(jia)大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)辣椒(jiao)深(shen)加(jia)(jia)工力度,時(shi)下正是得榮縣樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)出產期(qi),全年預計產鮮椒(jiao)600噸,可(ke)增加(jia)(jia)農(nong)民(min)收(shou)(shou)入650余萬元。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)農(nong)副(fu)產業的種植(zhi)、銷售(shou)(shou)規模化將為(wei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)種植(zhi)戶帶(dai)來了(le)可(ke)觀的經濟(ji)收(shou)(shou)入。