品種特性
因(yin)樹(shu)(shu)干木質化而(er)(er)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)小樹(shu)(shu)俗稱“樹(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)海椒”,是(shi)多年(nian)生植物。最初隨著藏傳佛教的(de)傳入從印度引進,后經(jing)當地(di)(di)特殊的(de)地(di)(di)理位(wei)置和(he)氣候(hou)環境長期栽(zai)培(pei)選(xuan)育出(chu)的(de)一種原始的(de)地(di)(di)方辣(la)(la)椒品種。該品種頭年(nian)以種子(zi)(zi)育苗移栽(zai),當年(nian)開(kai)花結(jie)果(guo),可(ke)以露地(di)(di)越(yue)冬,經(jing)冬不(bu)死,每年(nian)春季又可(ke)發生新(xin)芽開(kai)花結(jie)果(guo),植株高可(ke)達數米,葉片披(pi)針形(xing),果(guo)實短角形(xing),頂端稍(shao)尖,成(cheng)(cheng)熟后果(guo)實金黃鮮亮,其(qi)椒果(guo)肉薄、辣(la)(la)味濃(nong),可(ke)開(kai)胃健(jian)脾,曾入藏藥,而(er)(er)其(qi)樹(shu)(shu)壽命可(ke)長達上百年(nian)。
營養價值
樹(shu)椒的主(zhu)要特點(dian)是維生(sheng)素(su)E、鈣、硒維生(sheng)素(su)C、核黃素(su)含量高。
1、核黃素
樹椒(jiao)中(zhong)含核(he)黃(huang)素(su)0.566mg/100g,(干(gan)),其營豐富。核(he)黃(huang)素(su)又稱維生(sheng)素(su)B2,它(ta)具(ju)有促(cu)進生(sheng)長,預防皮膚炎、唇炎等(deng)。
2、 維生素E
樹(shu)椒(jiao)中維(wei)生素(su)(su)E含量為12.56mg/100g(干),其(qi)營養極其(qi)豐(feng)富。維(wei)生素(su)(su)E是(shi)一種(zhong)重要的(de)生理活性物質(zhi),維(wei)生素(su)(su)E是(shi)可提(ti)高(gao)機(ji)體免疫(yi)能力,具有保持血紅(hong)細胞的(de)完整并(bing)促進血紅(hong)細胞的(de)生物合成的(de)作(zuo)用等。所以維(wei)生素(su)(su)E是(shi)一種(zhong)經現代科學證實的(de)食品功(gong)能因子。
3、維生素C
樹椒(jiao)中含維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)C30.4mg/100g(干(gan)),其營養極其豐富。維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)C在人體代謝具有極其重要(yao)的生(sheng)(sheng)理功能,如促進(jin)(jin)膠原的生(sheng)(sheng)物合成(cheng),促進(jin)(jin)骨骼(ge)和(he)牙齒生(sheng)(sheng)長,促進(jin)(jin)氨基酸低(di)謝、發源對鐵、鈣和(he)葉酸的利用(yong)等作用(yong)。
4、微量活性元素
樹(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)中含(han)(han)鈣量(liang)(liang)高,為240mg/100g。鈣對(dui)(dui)(dui)于人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)骨骼(ge)和牙齒發育、血液(ye)凝固(gu)、心肌和骨骼(ge)的(de)收縮、神(shen)經細(xi)胞(bao)功能的(de)調節(jie)有重要作用(yong)。樹(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)中硒含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)為5.2ug/100g,與(yu)其相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)照的(de)干辣椒(jiao)(jiao)中不(bu)含(han)(han)硒。硒是人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)必需的(de)微量(liang)(liang)活性元素,其重要的(de)作用(yong)是可清(qing)除(chu)人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內產生過(guo)(guo)多的(de)活性氧(yang)自由基(ji),抑制細(xi)胞(bao)膜的(de)脂質過(guo)(guo)氧(yang)化,避免其對(dui)(dui)(dui)組織細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)損傷。延緩(huan)其對(dui)(dui)(dui)組織細(xi)胞(bao)的(de)衰退老(lao)過(guo)(guo)程,表現出明(ming)顯的(de)抗衰老(lao)作用(yong)。
生產情況
得(de)榮縣位于金沙江(jiang)下游干(gan)熱(re)河谷區(qu)域,獨特(te)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)位置和氣候條件使這里成為“樹椒(jiao)(jiao)”特(te)產區(qu)。經過(guo)千年基因變化及長期栽培選育(yu),成為該縣一種原始地(di)(di)(di)方辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)品種。但由(you)于效益因素,21世紀前(qian)的(de)數百(bai)年時(shi)間里,樹椒(jiao)(jiao)只是零星而散落(luo)地(di)(di)(di)生長在當地(di)(di)(di)一些鄉村的(de)山溝地(di)(di)(di)邊。
2002年(nian),得榮縣開(kai)始調(diao)整農業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)結構,經過大量調(diao)研和科學(xue)論證,樹椒(jiao)作為當地(di)特產被納入(ru)推廣種植的經濟作物之一,讓當地(di)適宜種植樹椒(jiao)地(di)區的農戶選種。
2003年(nian),得(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)縣開(kai)(kai)(kai)始規(gui)模化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao),當年(nian)規(gui)模達到30畝(mu),2005年(nian),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)走(zou)出(chu)得(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong),順利(li)在(zai)(zai)周邊幾個(ge)縣域市(shi)場(chang)(chang)內(nei)銷售(shou),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)價格開(kai)(kai)(kai)始從每(mei)公(gong)斤3元回升到4元錢的(de)(de)(de)價格。為(wei)了將(jiang)品(pin)牌做強,2006年(nian)5月(yue),經過(guo)嚴格認證,得(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)又(you)(you)獲(huo)得(de)(de)國家(jia)質(zhi)量(liang)監督檢驗檢疫局認定的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理標(biao)志產(chan)品(pin)保護,加上(shang)周邊銷售(shou)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷開(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa),擁有(you)品(pin)牌的(de)(de)(de)得(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始在(zai)(zai)國內(nei)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)崛起,遠(yuan)銷到上(shang)海、廣州等地(di)市(shi)場(chang)(chang):當年(nian),得(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)價格就從每(mei)公(gong)斤4元上(shang)漲(zhang)到10元,每(mei)戶種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戶因此至少多(duo)獲(huo)利(li)2000余元。品(pin)牌效應、市(shi)場(chang)(chang)價格上(shang)漲(zhang),給當地(di)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戶帶來了甜頭,從最(zui)先的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)愿意種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)到零星(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),再從零星(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)想(xiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),然后到自發(fa)(fa)(fa)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始當地(di)適宜地(di)區迅速發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。2007年(nian)該縣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模達到200多(duo)畝(mu),產(chan)量(liang)達到75噸左右(you),但還是供不(bu)(bu)應求。 2008,得(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)縣樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)模達750多(duo)畝(mu),如(ru)果按畝(mu)產(chan)750公(gong)斤計算,得(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)縣樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)量(liang)大(da)概(gai)在(zai)(zai)562.5噸左右(you)。2010年(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)得(de)(de)榮(rong)(rong)已形成(cheng)規(gui)模化,該縣5個(ge)鄉、鎮先后建(jian)立起了樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基地(di)。
產品加工
為(wei)進(jin)一步打開樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)市(shi)(shi)場,增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)種植戶收(shou)入,得榮縣2010年投入12萬(wan)元(yuan)(樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒專(zhuan)項資(zi)金(jin))委托省食品研究院研發了6個樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒深加(jia)(jia)工產(chan)(chan)品。該縣根據(ju)市(shi)(shi)場加(jia)(jia)需求積極尋求銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)市(shi)(shi)場,與四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省都江堰欣禾實業有限責任公司(si)達成樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒生產(chan)(chan)協議(yi),為(wei)康(kang)師傅集團公司(si)提供(gong)料包(bao)原料。與此(ci)同時該縣還與四(si)川(chuan)(chuan)省甘孜州華康(kang)進(jin)出口(集團)公司(si)簽訂(ding)了樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒加(jia)(jia)工意向性協議(yi),加(jia)(jia)大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)辣椒深加(jia)(jia)工力度(du),時下正(zheng)是得榮縣樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒出產(chan)(chan)期,全年預計產(chan)(chan)鮮椒600噸,可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)農民收(shou)入650余萬(wan)元(yuan)。樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒農副(fu)產(chan)(chan)業的(de)種植、銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)規模化(hua)將為(wei)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)椒種植戶帶來(lai)了可(ke)(ke)觀的(de)經(jing)濟收(shou)入。