閬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)(can),四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省閬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市特產(chan)(chan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國地(di)(di)理標志產(chan)(chan)品(農產(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)理標志)。閬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)(can)原產(chan)(chan)于四川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)省閬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市境內海拔(ba)500-800米的(de)(de)丘陵山區(qu),產(chan)(chan)區(qu)已通過無公(gong)害農產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)整體認(ren)定,為川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)(can)的(de)(de)適生區(qu)域(yu)。閬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)(can)有(you)300多年(nian)的(de)(de)栽培(pei)歷史,所(suo)產(chan)(chan)明(ming)(ming)參(can)(can)條(tiao)勻、體重、色黃(huang)白、斷面(mian)角質樣。食用(yong)味(wei)道鮮(xian)美,養胃潤腸,清肺益(yi)腎,益(yi)肝(gan)明(ming)(ming)目,補(bu)血益(yi)氣;藥用(yong)可(ke)用(yong)于肺熱燥咳、陰(yin)虛勞嗽、干(gan)咳痰粘、氣陰(yin)不(bu)足、煩熱口干(gan)等癥。
產地環境
閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)是(shi)四川(chuan)省省轄市(shi),由南(nan)充(chong)(chong)市(shi)代管。位于四川(chuan)盆地(di)(di)北部(bu),嘉陵江中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)游(you)。介于東(dong)經105°41′~106°24′,北緯31°22′~31°51′之(zhi)間(jian)。東(dong)靠巴中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)、儀隴(long)縣(xian)(xian),南(nan)連(lian)南(nan)部(bu)縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)鄰(lin)劍閣縣(xian)(xian),北接蒼溪縣(xian)(xian)。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)于川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丘陵區(qu)向川(chuan)北低(di)山(shan)區(qu)過(guo)渡地(di)(di)帶。全境東(dong)西(xi)北部(bu)高(gao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)部(bu)低(di),呈堰尾(wei)槽狀(zhuang)地(di)(di)勢和(he)多層次梯級地(di)(di)形,海拔328~888.8米(mi)(mi)。低(di)山(shan)、高(gao)丘、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丘占幅員(yuan)面積92%,低(di)丘、平壩(ba)占6.31%,水域(yu)占1.69%。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬亞熱帶濕潤季(ji)(ji)風氣候(hou)(hou)區(qu),氣候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和(he),四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming),年均溫(wen)度17℃,極(ji)端最(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)39℃,最(zui)低(di)氣溫(wen)-4℃。常年無霜期290天(tian),年均日(ri)照1400小時,年均降(jiang)水量1000毫米(mi)(mi)左右。氣候(hou)(hou)溫(wen)和(he),雨量充(chong)(chong)沛,光照適度,同時,該(gai)區(qu)域(yu)土地(di)(di)肥沃,動植物及各(ge)種自然資源豐富。閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)川(chuan)明(ming)參原產(chan)于閬(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)市(shi)龍泉、千(qian)佛、鶴(he)峰等24個鄉鎮(辦事處(chu)),處(chu)于海拔500-800米(mi)(mi)的丘陵山(shan)區(qu),是(shi)川(chuan)明(ming)參的最(zui)佳適宜(yi)種植區(qu),其(qi)獨(du)特的土壤、水質、氣候(hou)(hou)特點,特別(bie)適合川(chuan)明(ming)參生(sheng)長(chang)、發育(yu),產(chan)區(qu)通(tong)過(guo)無公害農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)整(zheng)體認(ren)定。
品種特性
川明參(can),又名沙(sha)參(can)、明參(can),來源于傘形科植(zhi)物川明參(can)(Chuanmingshen violoaceum Sheh et Shan)的(de)根。具有滋陰補肺,健脾和胃、生(sheng)津、解毒(du)等功效,是集(ji)醫療、食療為(wei)一體的(de)古(gu)之(zhi)貢品。
閬中川明參呈細長(chang)圓(yuan)柱形、長(chang)紡錘形或(huo)不規則條塊,長(chang)6-20厘米(mi),直徑0.5-2厘米(mi)。表(biao)面(mian)黃(huang)白色(se)(se)或(huo)淡棕色(se)(se),光(guang)滑(hua)或(huo)有縱溝紋(wen)及(ji)須根痕,有的具紅棕色(se)(se)斑點。質硬而脆,斷(duan)面(mian)角質樣(yang),皮部黃(huang)白色(se)(se),較易剝離(li),木部類白色(se)(se)。氣(qi)微(wei),味(wei)(wei)淡。以條勻、體重、色(se)(se)黃(huang)白、斷(duan)面(mian)角質樣(yang)者為(wei)佳。閬中川明參食用味(wei)(wei)道鮮美,具有質嫩、粉(fen)足(zu)、湯鮮等特點,可養胃(wei)潤腸,清肺益(yi)腎,益(yi)肝明目,補血(xue)益(yi)氣(qi);藥用可用于肺熱(re)燥咳、陰虛勞嗽、干(gan)咳痰粘(zhan)、氣(qi)陰不足(zu)、煩熱(re)口干(gan)等癥。
研究(jiu)表明(ming):閬(lang)中川(chuan)明(ming)參主(zhu)要含(han)(han)有多糖、補骨脂(zhi)素(su)、槲皮素(su)-3-O-葡萄糖醛酸(suan)甙、蘆丁、豆甾(zai)醇(chun)(chun)、豆甾(zai)醇(chun)(chun)-葡萄糖甙、棕櫚酸(suan)及(ji)(ji)硬脂(zhi)酸(suan)的混合(he)物等(deng),并含(han)(han)有豐富的粗蛋白、磷脂(zhi)、礦物質、維生素(su)、微(wei)量元素(su)和十(shi)余種氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)。川(chuan)明(ming)參水(shui)煎煮(zhu)液、95%乙醇(chun)(chun)提取物以(yi)及(ji)(ji)石油醚提取物具有明(ming)顯的鎮咳祛痰(tan)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)增(zeng)強小鼠(shu)特(te)(te)異性(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)非特(te)(te)異性(xing)(xing)體(ti)液免(mian)疫的作(zuo)用(yong);川(chuan)明(ming)參多糖具有增(zeng)強小鼠(shu)特(te)(te)異性(xing)(xing)及(ji)(ji)非特(te)(te)異性(xing)(xing)體(ti)液免(mian)疫的作(zuo)用(yong)。