寬甸石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)人參(can)(can),遼寧省(sheng)寬甸滿族自治縣振江鎮石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)子(zi)村特(te)產(chan),中(zhong)國(guo)地理(li)標志產(chan)品。石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)參(can)(can)也稱柱(zhu)參(can)(can),是中(zhong)國(guo)人參(can)(can)中(zhong)的優良品種(zhong),因產(chan)地而得名。該(gai)村位于(yu)鴨綠江北岸,屬于(yu)長白山(shan)余脈,山(shan)多(duo)水多(duo)、山(shan)高林密、濕度較(jiao)大,是盛產(chan)山(shan)參(can)(can)的地方。石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)參(can)(can)具有蘆(lu)長、體(ti)靈、皮老紋深(shen)、皮條(tiao)須、須根上生(sheng)有較(jiao)多(duo)的珍珠疙(ge)瘩,體(ti)形酷(ku)似(si)野山(shan)參(can)(can)等優點而馳名中(zhong)外,體(ti)形千姿百態,深(shen)受(shou)用戶歡迎。石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)參(can)(can)藥(yao)(yao)性較(jiao)強,栽(zai)培15年以上的石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)參(can)(can)藥(yao)(yao)用價值近(jin)似(si)山(shan)參(can)(can),人參(can)(can)總皂甙(dai)含量遠遠高于(yu)一般園參(can)(can)。
產地環境
石柱人(ren)參產于遼寧省寬(kuan)甸滿族自治縣(以下簡(jian)稱(cheng)寬(kuan)甸縣)振江(jiang)鎮石柱子村境(jing)
內,地理坐標為東(dong)經125°21′~125°28′,北緯(wei)40°43′~40°50′,海拔350~810m。石柱(zhu)子村位(wei)于寬甸(dian)縣(xian)東(dong)部(bu)丘陵區,屬(shu)長白山(shan)余脈(mo),平均海拔500m,最高海拔800m,東(dong)部(bu)和南(nan)部(bu)與鴨(ya)綠(lv)江(jiang)相鄰(lin),東(dong)距(ju)鴨(ya)綠(lv)江(jiang)12.6km,南(nan)距(ju)鴨(ya)綠(lv)江(jiang)15.82km,與朝鮮人民民主主義(yi)共和國隔江(jiang)相望,西部(bu)和北部(bu)與內陸接壤。
土壤(rang)條件(jian)方面(mian),境(jing)內土壤(rang)屬棕(zong)壤(rang)土,pH 5.5~6.0,由花崗巖(yan)、片麻巖(yan)、混(hun)合巖(yan)等巖(yan)石(shi)風(feng)化而成(cheng),表(biao)層顏色為暗棕(zong)色、棕(zong)灰色,中層為棕(zong)黃(huang)色,下(xia)層為黃(huang)白色。土壤(rang)有機(ji)質含(han)量(liang)為3.49%、微量(liang)元素(su)主要(yao)含(han)量(liang)有銅、鋅、鐵(tie)、錳、硼、鉬,表(biao)層土速效磷含(han)量(liang)平(ping)均為1.35mg/kg。土壤(rang)上層較薄,一般(ban)20~30cm厚,質地較粗,含(han)有較多的粗砂、礫石(shi)。
水分條(tiao)件方面,石(shi)柱子(zi)村(cun)東臨鴨綠江,水資源極為豐富,石(shi)柱子(zi)河(he)(he)和滾子(zi)溝河(he)(he)于(yu)村(cun)中心交(jiao)匯并貫穿(chuan)全(quan)村(cun),河(he)(he)流總長6km。
氣(qi)候條件(jian)方面(mian),石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村屬(shu)溫(wen)帶(dai)濕潤(run)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候區,四季(ji)分(fen)明,氣(qi)候溫(wen)和(he)濕潤(run)。受季(ji)風(feng)(feng)影響,石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村夏季(ji)高溫(wen)多(duo)雨(yu),冬季(ji)寒冷干燥,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)6.5℃,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量為(wei)(wei)1 100mm,年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時數為(wei)(wei)2 400小時,陰霧(wu)天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)多(duo)達150多(duo)天(tian)(tian),無霜期135天(tian)(tian)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)生長季(ji)(5~8月)的(de)(de)平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)21℃,晝夜溫(wen)差較大,有(you)利(li)于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)體內養(yang)分(fen)的(de)(de)累(lei)積。降(jiang)水(shui)豐富,日(ri)照(zhao)少,陰霧(wu)多(duo),濕度大,空氣(qi)相對(dui)(dui)濕度平均(jun)為(wei)(wei)75%,加之(zhi)(zhi)受地(di)理(li)緯度和(he)云(yun)霧(wu)、地(di)形、植被等影響,極(ji)易形成散(san)射光,經常出現(xian)"露水(shui)陽"天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)村獨特(te)的(de)(de)自然環(huan)境(jing)和(he)土壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao),有(you)利(li)于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)的(de)(de)生長發(fa)育,并(bing)造就了(le)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)獨特(te)的(de)(de)品(pin)質。石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)對(dui)(dui)土壤(rang)、水(shui)分(fen)、氣(qi)候、光照(zhao)及栽(zai)培管(guan)理(li)技術等要求(qiu)極(ji)其嚴格,非石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)山、之(zhi)(zhi)土、之(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)、之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)、之(zhi)(zhi)特(te)殊栽(zai)培而(er)不可得(de)。經實(shi)驗,異地(di)栽(zai)培則(ze)會劣變,其形體和(he)藥理(li)作用(yong)都與(yu)正宗(zong)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)相差甚遠(yuan)。2011年(nian)(nian)寬甸石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)農(nong)產品(pin)通(tong)過(guo)了(le)國家地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)認證。由于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參(can)(can)生長期一般為(wei)(wei)13年(nian)(nian)以上(shang),生長周(zhou)期長,為(wei)(wei)保護該物種,經遼寧省林(lin)業部(bu)門批準,每年(nian)(nian)只(zhi)限增加參(can)(can)地(di)50畝(mu),同時退下來的(de)(de)參(can)(can)地(di)還(huan)林(lin),達到(dao)林(lin)地(di)資源可持續(xu)發(fa)展。
品質特點
石柱(zhu)人參(can)具(ju)有(you)蘆(lu)細(xi)長、體短靈、膀頭較圓,皮老質實,橫紋(wen)深而(er)細(xi)密且(qie)主要集中在體的上半部,須細(xi)長,柔軟,清疏,須根上生有(you)珍珠疙瘩,體形千(qian)姿百態酷似野山參(can),因質好效高而(er)被尊崇,因量少(shao)年長而(er)顯珍貴,馳名中外,深受消費者歡(huan)迎。
歷史淵源
相(xiang)傳在明朝萬歷年間,石柱子村還是(shi)個山高林密(mi)、荒無(wu)人煙的地方(fang),山
東有7翁結(jie)伴到(dao)遼東鴨(ya)綠江畔的(de)(de)深山老林里(li)采參(can)(can)(can),在(zai)(zai)(zai)石柱(zhu)子(zi)村一帶發(fa)現了(le)許多(duo)上等(deng)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can),他(ta)們把長(chang)成(cheng)的(de)(de)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)帶走,小參(can)(can)(can)與參(can)(can)(can)籽則埋在(zai)(zai)(zai)林下栽培(pei),為(wei)了(le)以后(hou)采參(can)(can)(can)能找(zhao)到(dao)這(zhe)個地方,就在(zai)(zai)(zai)石柱(zhu)子(zi)村上屯街西(xi)的(de)(de)三岔路(lu)口,豎起一塊2m多(duo)高的(de)(de)石柱(zhu),同時,在(zai)(zai)(zai)石柱(zhu)旁還栽了(le)1株榆樹,石柱(zhu)人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)由此得名(亦被簡稱為(wei)柱(zhu)參(can)(can)(can))。后(hou)來,隨(sui)著采參(can)(can)(can)的(de)(de)人(ren)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo),有些人(ren)安家(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)此,逐漸形成(cheng)了(le)石柱(zhu)子(zi)村。