概述
福(fu)(fu)鼎檳榔(lang)芋產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)自太(tai)姥山脈福(fu)(fu)鼎行政區域內(nei)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)理(li)和氣候環(huan)境(jing),已有近(jin)600年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)栽培歷史,八(ba)十年(nian)(nian)代香港市(shi)民(min)把福(fu)(fu)鼎檳榔(lang)芋稱(cheng)為(wei)"福(fu)(fu)鼎芋",并沿用至今,借(jie)助福(fu)(fu)鼎特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)母(mu)巖、母(mu)質(zhi)、土類(lei)、土層厚度、肥(fei)力和土壤養(yang)分(fen)、質(zhi)地(di)(di)、酸堿(jian)度,以及獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)方(fang)法,形(xing)成了獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)味(wei)(wei)與體大(da)(da)形(xing)美的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)觀。其母(mu)芋呈圓柱形(xing),形(xing)似炮彈;表皮棕(zong)黃色,芋肉乳白色帶紫紅色檳榔(lang)花紋(wen),易煮熟(shu)(shu),熟(shu)(shu)食肉質(zhi)細、松、酥,濃(nong)香可口,風(feng)味(wei)(wei)獨(du)特(te),食不(bu)厭口,營養(yang)豐(feng)富(fu)。 福(fu)(fu)鼎檳榔(lang)芋先后(hou)榮獲(huo)輕(qing)工(gong)部(bu)和福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人民(min)政府(fu)(fu)食品(pin)(pin)工(gong)業名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)優(you)(you)新特(te)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)和工(gong)業品(pin)(pin)博覽會(hui)優(you)(you)秀獎、武夷獎、銅牌和銀牌獎。1983年(nian)(nian)在"全(quan)(quan)國(guo)出(chu)口商品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)、專(zhuan)廠建(jian)(jian)(jian)設展(zhan)覽會(hui)"上(shang)展(zhan)出(chu),受到國(guo)家(jia)(jia)外(wai)經貿部(bu)高度贊(zan)譽,并發給"出(chu)口產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優(you)(you)良"榮譽證書;1990年(nian)(nian)在北(bei)京人民(min)大(da)(da)會(hui)堂召(zhao)開的(de)(de)(de)"福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)閩東老區扶貧成果匯報會(hui)"及1991年(nian)(nian)在北(bei)京農(nong)展(zhan)館(guan)召(zhao)開的(de)(de)(de)"全(quan)(quan)國(guo)菜籃子(zi)工(gong)程展(zhan)銷會(hui)"上(shang)展(zhan)出(chu),均受到中(zhong)央領導和廣大(da)(da)來賓的(de)(de)(de)好評(ping);1997年(nian)(nian)在福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)特(te)優(you)(you)新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)展(zhan)銷會(hui)上(shang)被評(ping)為(wei)"福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)特(te)優(you)(you)新暢銷產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)";2000年(nian)(nian)被福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)(fu)授予"福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)"稱(cheng)號(hao)。相繼(ji)獲(huo)“全(quan)(quan)國(guo)出(chu)口產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)基(ji)地(di)(di)專(zhuan)廠建(jian)(jian)(jian)設成果展(zhan)”,“福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)特(te)優(you)(you)新產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)獎”,“福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)”,國(guo)家(jia)(jia)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志證明商標(biao)和原產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)標(biao)記,“福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標(biao)”“國(guo)家(jia)(jia)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志”,“中(zhong)國(guo)馳名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標(biao)”。2013年(nian)(nian)獲(huo)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)化示范區稱(cheng)號(hao)。檳榔(lang)芋加工(gong)企業獲(huo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)3家(jia)(jia),知名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標(biao)3個。
自然生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況(kuang):福(fu)鼎市(shi)地處(chu)福(fu)建(jian)東(dong)北沿海(hai)(hai),三面(mian)環(huan)山,一面(mian)臨海(hai)(hai)。境內溪(xi)流縱橫密布, 水(shui)(shui)源充足,沙(sha)埕(cheng)天然(ran)深水(shui)(shui)良(liang)港(gang)似"s"型從東(dong)南角深入(ru)腹地,在(zai)中(zhong)部形(xing)成一內海(hai)(hai),并(bing)與干萬條(tiao)溝谷相(xiang)交,形(xing)成復合(he)狀(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi),沿海(hai)(hai)岸港(gang)灣(wan)分布著(zhu)狹窄海(hai)(hai)濱平原和許多灘涂(tu)。國家重點風景名勝區太姥山位于境內,形(xing)成了西高東(dong)低形(xing)似馬蹄的獨特(te)地勢(shi)和特(te)殊的氣(qi)候環(huan)境。福(fu)鼎檳(bin)榔芋(yu)(yu)原產地福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)福(fu)鼎市(shi)的芋(yu)(yu)園均種植(zhi)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)稻田(tian)中(zhong),且需水(shui)(shui)旱輪作(zuo),水(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)有3個(ge)亞類、7個(ge)土(tu)(tu)屬(shu)、18 個(ge)土(tu)(tu)種的土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)都可以種植(zhi)福(fu)鼎檳(bin)榔芋(yu)(yu),據(ju)全(quan)(quan)國第二(er)次土(tu)(tu)鑲普查和芋(yu)(yu)田(tian)土(tu)(tu)樣化驗分析,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質含量在(zai)1.5—3.5﹪之間,水(shui)(shui)解氮(12-22)×10-6,速效(xiao)磷(10 —60) ×10-6,速效(xiao)鉀(100—300)×10-6,代換態鈣0.16%,鎂0.56%, 全(quan)(quan)錳(meng)229×10-6,全(quan)(quan)鋅(xin)48.l ×10-6,全(quan)(quan)銅(tong)9.8×10-6,全(quan)(quan)鐵1.56%,全(quan)(quan)硼12×10-6。由于種植(zhi)福(fu)鼎檳(bin)榔芋(yu)(yu)畝施用有機肥(fei)(fei)3000-4000公斤,使芋(yu)(yu)田(tian)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)形(xing)成疏松、肥(fei)(fei)沃,保水(shui)(shui)保肥(fei)(fei)能力強,通氣(qi)性能好的生態田(tian)。?
2、水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:市內主(zhu)要河流(liu)有水(shui)(shui)北溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、赤(chi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、溪(xi)(xi)(xi)頭溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、百步溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、照蘭(lan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、雙岳溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、陜(shan)門溪(xi)(xi)(xi)、三門溪(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)王孫溪(xi)(xi)(xi)等(deng)九(jiu)條,流(liu)域面積達1209.3平方公(gong)里,這些溪(xi)(xi)(xi)流(liu)為(wei)農田灌溉(gai)提供(gong)了充足的水(shui)(shui)源。據福建省(sheng)綠色食品(pin)辦公(gong)室(shi)和(he)福建省(sheng)分析測試(shi)中心監測,福鼎檳榔芋(yu)基地(di)主(zhu)要從事水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)、芋(yu)及(ji)果樹種植(zhi),灌溉(gai)水(shui)(shui)都是山泉(quan)、溪(xi)(xi)(xi)流(liu)或從水(shui)(shui)利(li)渠道中引入的無污染潔凈水(shui)(shui),山地(di)芋(yu)田均采(cai)用輪灌法;土壤以(yi)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)土為(wei)主(zhu),無重金屬污染;生產區(qu)域環境現狀良好(hao),周邊沒有工礦企業,無任(ren)何工業污染,空(kong)氣質量(liang)良好(hao),經(jing)分析可以(yi)作為(wei)綠色食品(pin)基地(di)。?
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況:福鼎市氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖(nuan),雨量適中(zhong),日照充足(zu),冬(dong)(dong)無(wu)嚴寒,夏(xia)無(wu)酷熱(re)(re),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)象要素垂直差異(yi)明顯(xian),屬典(dian)型的(de)(de)中(zhong)亞熱(re)(re)帶海洋性季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen) 18.5 ℃極端(duan)最高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)40.6℃,極端(duan)最低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-5.2℃,最熱(re)(re)月(yue)(yue) (7月(yue)(yue))乎均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)23.0至28.0℃,最冷月(yue)(yue) (1月(yue)(yue)) 平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4.0 至9.0℃,4-10 月(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)17-28℃,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水量1669.5 毫米,4-10月(yue)(yue)降水量95-235 毫米,相對濕度73-85%,年(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)數1727.3 小時(shi),總積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)5000 至6900℃,無(wu)霜期268-309 天,越冬(dong)(dong)作物不受(shou)凍害,無(wu)明顯(xian)的(de)(de)休眠期。穩定通過≥10 ℃的(de)(de)活(huo)動積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4600至5600℃,熱(re)(re)量資源豐(feng)富。300米以(yi)下地區(qu)一年(nian)(nian)可三(san)熟,3而(er)至500 米地區(qu)一年(nian)(nian)可二熟。正因(yin)為福鼎獨特的(de)(de)地勢和(he)特殊(shu)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)環境,適宜福鼎檳榔芋種(zhong)植。
地域范圍
福鼎(ding)檳榔芋(yu)地(di)域保護范圍包(bao)括福鼎(ding)市(shi)行政區域內(東經119°55′至120°43′,北緯26°55′至27°26′之間(jian))17個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(街道(dao)、開發區)即貫嶺鎮(zhen)、山前街道(dao)、桐城街道(dao)、桐山街道(dao)、疊石鄉、前岐鎮(zhen)、佳陽鄉、點頭鎮(zhen)、白琳(lin)鎮(zhen)、管陽鎮(zhen)、潘溪鎮(zhen)、店下鎮(zhen)、秦嶼鎮(zhen)、硤(xia)門鄉、龍安開發區、沙埕鎮(zhen)、崳(yu)山鎮(zhen),海拔600米以下,實行水旱輪作的15萬畝沖(chong)積(ji)、坡積(ji)和殘積(ji)母(mu)質(zhi)的土(tu)地(di)(包(bao)括丘陵地(di)、平地(di)、水田地(di)、沙洲地(di)等(deng))。
產品特點
據(ju)史(shi)料記(ji)載,福鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)芋(yu)在福鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)市栽培已有近300年(nian)的歷史(shi)。福鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)芋(yu)屬(shu)天南星科魁芋(yu)類(lei),又(you)名福鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)檳(bin)榔芋(yu),八十年(nian)代香港市民把(ba)福鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)檳(bin)榔芋(yu)稱為"福鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)芋(yu)",并(bing)沿用至(zhi)今,以區別(bie)于其他檳(bin)榔芋(yu)。福鼎(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)芋(yu)長期在我市優(you)越的自(zi)然
環境和良(liang)好(hao)的(de)水土條件下,借助特殊的(de)母巖、母質(zhi)、土類、土層(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du)、肥力和土壤養(yang)分(fen)、質(zhi)地(di)、酸堿度(du),以及獨特的(de)管理方法,經不斷(duan)地(di)選育與提純復壯,由原有(you)單(dan)個(ge)母芋(yu)(可食用的(de)地(di)下球(qiu)莖部分(fen))0.5公(gong)斤左右(you),發展到(dao)2-3公(gong)斤,最(zui)大可達6公(gong)斤,并形成了獨特的(de)風(feng)(feng)味(wei)與體(ti)大形美的(de)外(wai)(wai)觀。其(qi)母芋(yu)呈圓柱形,長(chang)度(du)30-40厘米,直徑12-15厘米,形似炮彈;表皮棕黃(huang)色,芋(yu)肉乳白色帶紫紅(hong)色檳榔花紋,易煮熟(shu),熟(shu)食肉質(zhi)細、松、酥,濃香可口(kou),風(feng)(feng)味(wei)獨特,食不厭口(kou),營養(yang)豐富。由于(yu)母芋(yu)全部在表土層(ceng)(ceng)以下生長(chang),免受(shou)外(wai)(wai)界污染,因此(ci)屬于(yu)無(wu)公(gong)害的(de)綠色食品(pin)。經福建省(sheng)農林大學(xue)測(ce)(ce)定,鮮芋(yu)淀粉含(han)(han)量25—26%,蛋白質(zhi)8.5—9.1%,含(han)(han)水量64—66%;經全國食品(pin)工業(ye)產品(pin)質(zhi)量檢測(ce)(ce)福州站和江(jiang)蘇(su)理化測(ce)(ce)試(shi)中心(xin)測(ce)(ce)定,干基內含(han)(han)蛋白質(zhi)7.26%、脂肪0.68%,淀粉76.6%,灰分(fen)2.29%, 粗(cu)纖(xian)維1.37%。每100克(ke)(ke)干基含(han)(han)維生素C60毫克(ke)(ke),維生素B20.74毫克(ke)(ke),鈣62.8毫克(ke)(ke),磷(lin)107毫克(ke)(ke),鐵3.28毫克(ke)(ke),人(ren)體(ti)所必需的(de)18種(zhong)氨基酸總含(han)(han)量為6.74%。
福(fu)鼎(ding)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)烹(peng)調上可以(yi)炸、煮(zhu)、蒸(zheng)、炒(chao),作糧作菜(cai)皆宜(yi)。用福(fu)鼎(ding)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)粉為原料(liao)烹(peng)調的(de)(de)(de)"紅鯉(li)藏(zang)泥(ni)(ni)"、"太姥(lao)(lao)唐(tang)塔"、"太姥(lao)(lao)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)泥(ni)(ni)"、"芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蝦包(bao)"、"菊花芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)"等系列(lie)名菜(cai),列(lie)為北京人民大會堂(tang)和釣(diao)魚臺(tai)國(guo)(guo)賓館的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)宴佳(jia)肴,受(shou)到(dao)黨和國(guo)(guo)家(jia)領(ling)導人以(yi)及外賓的(de)(de)(de)贊賞;鮮母芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)可以(yi)雕(diao)刻成(cheng)(cheng)開礦各(ge)異的(de)(de)(de)花樣(yang),蒸(zheng)熟后即為色、香、味(wei)、形俱佳(jia)的(de)(de)(de)宴上名菜(cai);加(jia)工生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)"純福(fu)鼎(ding)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)粉"、"奶油芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)粉"、"多味(wei)烤干(gan)片(pian)(pian)"、"福(fu)鼎(ding)金元(yuan)片(pian)(pian)"、"油炸芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)片(pian)(pian)"等系列(lie)產(chan)品,暢銷國(guo)(guo)內各(ge)大中城市(shi)、港澳地(di)區(qu)和東南亞各(ge)國(guo)(guo),成(cheng)(cheng)為福(fu)鼎(ding)市(shi)主要的(de)(de)(de)出口創匯農產(chan)品之一(yi)。福(fu)鼎(ding)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)耐貯性好,鮮芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)供應(ying)期達半年(nian)以(yi)上,近年(nian)由于新技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)推廣(guang)應(ying)用,提前收獲,延長貯藏(zang)期,基本上可達到(dao)鮮母芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)周年(nian)供應(ying)市(shi)場。為延長市(shi)場供應(ying)期,還可以(yi)加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)各(ge)式各(ge)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)粉、干(gan)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塊(kuai)、速凍芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)泥(ni)(ni)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塊(kuai),作為制作冰淇淋、高級糕餅(bing)、香芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)酥的(de)(de)(de)優質原料(liao)。
福(fu)(fu)鼎(ding)芋以質優、珍貴、稀有而占領國(guo)(guo)內外市場,并以其特(te)有的外形、品(pin)(pin)質、口(kou)感倍(bei)受消費者青睞。先后榮獲輕(qing)工(gong)部(bu)和(he)福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)府食品(pin)(pin)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)名優新(xin)特(te)產品(pin)(pin)和(he)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)品(pin)(pin)博覽會優秀(xiu)獎(jiang)、武夷(yi)獎(jiang)、銅牌和(he)銀牌獎(jiang)。1983年在"全國(guo)(guo)出(chu)口(kou)商品(pin)(pin)生產基地(di)、專廠建(jian)(jian)設(she)展覽會"上(shang)展出(chu),受到國(guo)(guo)家外經貿(mao)部(bu)高度(du)贊(zan)譽(yu),并發(fa)給"出(chu)口(kou)產品(pin)(pin)、品(pin)(pin)質優良"榮譽(yu)證書;1990年在北京人(ren)民大會堂(tang)召開的"福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)閩(min)東老區扶(fu)貧(pin)成果匯報會"及1991年在北京農(nong)(nong)展館召開的"全國(guo)(guo)菜籃子工(gong)程展銷會"上(shang)展出(chu),均(jun)受到中央領導(dao)和(he)廣(guang)大來賓的好(hao)評;1997年在福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)名特(te)優新(xin)產品(pin)(pin)展銷會上(shang)被(bei)評為"福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)名特(te)優新(xin)暢(chang)銷產品(pin)(pin)";2000年被(bei)福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)政(zheng)府授(shou)予"福(fu)(fu)建(jian)(jian)省(sheng)名牌農(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)"稱(cheng)號。