柘榮太子參簡介
“柘榮(rong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)”是全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)聞名道(dao)地藥材,以色澤晶黃、塊根肥大、氣味濃厚而(er)享譽國(guo)(guo)(guo)內外(wai)。各主要中(zhong)藥材市場(chang)(chang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)價格以“柘榮(rong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)”價格為衡(heng)量(liang)標準,主導了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)內藥材市場(chang)(chang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)價格。柘榮(rong)素(su)有(you)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)之(zhi)鄉”美稱,全(quan)縣太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)種植面積(ji)3.2萬(wan)畝,年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)4900多噸,產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷量(liang)占(zhan)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)三分(fen)之(zhi)二(er),“柘榮(rong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)”品(pin)(pin)質領先、質量(liang)優良,含有(you)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)多糖(tang)、太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)皂甙(dai)、多種微(wei)量(liang)元素(su)及(ji)人體(ti)所需16種氨基酸。2003年(nian)(nian)(nian),柘榮(rong)縣承擔了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)科技部科技攻關項目(mu)--太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)GAP項目(mu)的研(yan)究。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)2年(nian)(nian)(nian)多的努(nu)力,2005年(nian)(nian)(nian),太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)GAP基地通(tong)過(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)藥監局專家(jia)組現(xian)場(chang)(chang)認(ren)證,同年(nian)(nian)(nian),太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)GAP研(yan)究項目(mu)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)科技部驗收(shou),從而(er)使(shi)柘榮(rong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)GAP生產(chan)(chan)(chan)標準成為了(le)(le)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)的指導標準。“柘榮(rong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子參(can)(can)(can)(can)(can)” 1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲得全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)首屆農(nong)業博(bo)覽會(hui)金獎、2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲得國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)證明(ming)商(shang)(shang)標、2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲福(fu)建(jian)省著名商(shang)(shang)標、2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)榮(rong)獲中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)馳名商(shang)(shang)標,2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)地理標志產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)保(bao)護(hu)。
柘榮縣規模藥業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)使用“柘榮太子(zi)參”為(wei)主要原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao),先(xian)后研(yan)發出“太子(zi)寶(bao)口(kou)服液”、“復(fu)方太子(zi)參顆粒劑”、“太子(zi)寶(bao)口(kou)服液”、“好味口(kou)牌兒童健胃消食(shi)片(pian)”等(deng)(deng)數十(shi)個產(chan)品(pin),同時,國(guo)內的(de)江(jiang)中(zhong)藥業(ye)(ye)、武漢健民等(deng)(deng)知名企業(ye)(ye)以“柘榮太子(zi)參”為(wei)原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)開發了(le)健胃消食(shi)片(pian)、肝復(fu)康(kang)丸、平喘益(yi)氣散等(deng)(deng)。產(chan)品(pin)銷售網點(dian)遍及省內、廣東、北(bei)京等(deng)(deng)20多個省市(shi)和美(mei)國(guo)、法國(guo)、日本(ben)等(deng)(deng)20多個國(guo)家。
藥材概況
福建(jian)省(sheng)柘(zhe)(zhe)榮(rong)縣由(you)于特(te)殊的地(di)理氣候,生產的太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)參以色澤(ze)晶(jing)黃、塊(kuai)根(gen)肥大、有效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)高而為醫藥(yao)(yao)界(jie)所(suo)重用(yong),“柘(zhe)(zhe)榮(rong)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)參”是全國聞名道地(di)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai),各(ge)主(zhu)要中藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)市場太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)參價格(ge)以“柘(zhe)(zhe)榮(rong)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)參”價格(ge)為衡(heng)量標準,主(zhu)導了國內藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)市場太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)參價格(ge)。
為多年生草本,株高15-20厘米。地下(xia)(xia)塊根(gen)肉質、直生、呈紡錘(chui)形(xing),上(shang)有(you)疏生須根(gen)。莖單一(yi),不分枝,下(xia)(xia)部(bu)帶紫色(se),近方(fang)形(xing);上(shang)部(bu)綠色(se),圓柱形(xing),吳明顯膨大的(de)節,光滑無(wu)毛(mao)。單葉(xie)對(dui)生,莖下(xia)(xia)部(bu)的(de)葉(xie)小(xiao),倒(dao)披針(zhen)形(xing),基那漸窄(zhai)成柄,全緣;葉(xie)向上(shang)漸大,在莖頂的(de)葉(xie)片最大,通常4葉(xie)輪生狀,長卵形(xing),基部(bu)狹窄(zhai)成柄,邊(bian)緣略(lve)呈波(bo)狀。花腋(ye)生,白色(se),近地面1、2節處有(you)單生閉鎖花,形(xing)小(xiao),無(wu)花瓣;蒴果近球(qiu)形(xing)。花期(qi)4-5月,果期(qi)5-6月。
喜歡生長(chang)(chang)在(zai)溫暖濕潤的環(huan)境,怕(pa)高溫,30℃以上生長(chang)(chang)發青停止。怕(pa)強光暴(bao)曬,烈日下(xia)容易枯死(si),比較耐寒。在(zai)-17℃能安全越冬。低溫條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)也能發芽、生根。在(zai)陰濕的條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)生長(chang)(chang)良好,喜肥沃(wo)疏(shu)松(song)、含有豐富腐殖質土壤(rang),砂質土壤(rang)中(zhong)生長(chang)(chang)良好。低澇地、黏壤(rang)、土質堅實、排水不良、土壤(rang)含腐殖質少。瘠薄的土壤(rang)生長(chang)(chang)不好。
歷史考證
太子參(can)(can)(can)之名(ming)始見于清代(dai)吳(wu)儀洛《本(ben)草(cao)從(cong)新(xin)》,于人參(can)(can)(can)條(tiao)下,與參(can)(can)(can)須、參(can)(can)(can)蘆并列。吳(wu)云:太子參(can)(can)(can)大補(bu)元氣,雖其細(xi)如參(can)(can)(can)條(tiao),短(duan)緊(jin)堅實,而有蘆紋,其力(li)不下大參(can)(can)(can)。《本(ben)草(cao)從(cong)新(xin)》記載(zai)太子參(can)(can)(can)的功效:治氣虛肺(fei)燥,補(bu)脾土,消水腫,化(hua)痰止渴。據考證石竹(zhu)科太子參(can)(can)(can)人工栽培(pei)已有近百(bai)年的歷(li)史(shi)。
柘榮縣位于福建省東北部,中醫臨(lin)床(chuang)研究報(bao)告(gao)記載,太子參(can)(can)(can)(can)與人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)相似,但藥力(li)薄弱(ruo),是(shi)補(bu)氣(qi)藥中的一味清補(bu)之(zhi)品,其性甘性平,具有益氣(qi)生(sheng)津、補(bu)肺(fei)健脾(pi)之(zhi)效(xiao),臨(lin)床(chuang)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)均能(neng)收到益氣(qi)不升提、生(sheng)津不助濕(shi)、扶正(zheng)不戀(lian)邪、補(bu)虛不峻猛的效(xiao)果,補(bu)氣(qi)作用(yong)(yong)雖比人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)、黨(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)弱(ruo),但生(sheng)津之(zhi)力(li)卻比常(chang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)強,因此(ci)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)它代替西洋參(can)(can)(can)(can)使用(yong)(yong),用(yong)(yong)于(yu)某些確需補(bu)虛,而又不宜服人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)的病(bing)癥(zheng)(zheng),太子參(can)(can)(can)(can)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)脾(pi)胃氣(qi)虛引起的食(shi)欲不振、倦(juan)怠(dai)乏力(li),常(chang)配山藥、扁豆、谷芽;還常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)肺(fei)虛(陰虛、氣(qi)虛)所致燥咳,常(chang)配沙參(can)(can)(can)(can)、麥冬;津液(ye)不足、咽干口渴(ke)等癥(zheng)(zheng),則配石(shi)斛、天花粉;對心悸、自汗(han),常(chang)配五味子、酸棗(zao)仁;對病(bing)后氣(qi)血兩虧,也有很好療效(xiao)。據(ju)報(bao)道:太子參(can)(can)(can)(can)特別適合兒童氣(qi)陰兩虛之(zhi)癥(zheng)(zheng),對兒童消瘦、身體虛弱(ruo)時,太子參(can)(can)(can)(can)藥力(li)緩和可替代人(ren)參(can)(can)(can)(can)進補(bu)。
太子參(can)(can)在民(min)間常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)病后食療補養(yang),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)單(dan)用(yong)(yong)水煎,每一劑15克(ke),恢復(fu)效果顯著,也可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)鴨肉(rou)、雞肉(rou)、山(shan)藥共燉,食用(yong)(yong)湯,還可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)與粳米煮粥常服。在夏季(ji),天熱(re)飲食減(jian)少,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)太子參(can)(can)、烏梅(mei)各15克(ke)加(jia)適量(liang)白糖、水煎代茶飲,即可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)補虛,又可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)生津解渴,老(lao)幼皆宜。民(min)間用(yong)(yong)于(yu)藥膳使(shi)越來越多百姓的青睞。
藥效原理
據(ju)文獻報道,含有(you)(you)16種氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan),其中人(ren)(ren)體(ti)必需(xu)的(de)(de)8種都有(you)(you),含占氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)總量(liang)的(de)(de)40%,含有(you)(you)鐵(tie)、銅、錳、鋅、硒、鈷、硒、鉬等7種微(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素,此外柘榮太子參還含有(you)(you)少量(liang)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)參皂甙有(you)(you)益氣生(sheng)津之效,但(dan)又不升提,不助濕(shi)。特別(bie)對于小孩盜汗、食欲不振、改善貧血(xue)、老(lao)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)虛(xu)失(shi)眠(mian)有(you)(you)顯(xian)著功(gong)效,是(shi)男女老(lao)少四(si)季(ji)皆宜的(de)(de)清補珍品。
藥理學研究顯示主要有如下功效:
1、抗疲勞、抗作用(yong);
2、促進作用;
3、延長果蠅(ying)的平均壽(shou)命(ming);
4、降白血(xue)糖作用;
性味歸經
味甘、微(wei)苦、性(xing)平,益(yi)氣生津、補脾潤肺(fei)(fei)。補氣生津。主治脾虛食少、倦怠乏(fa)力、心悸自汗、肺(fei)(fei)虛咳嗽、津虧口渴等癥。
太(tai)子(zi)參(can)味甘(gan)、微(wei)苦而性平,偏微(wei)寒,既能益氣,又可(ke)養陰生津(jin),且藥力(li)平和(he),為(wei)一(yi)味清補之品,適用于脾肺虧虛、氣陰不(bu)足(zu)、氣津(jin)不(bu)足(zu)諸癥。太(tai)子(zi)參(can)對(dui)淋巴細胞有明顯的刺激作用。
食療保健
以太子參為配方的保健品在市(shi)場很多,最具代表性的是“江中健胃消食(shi)片”,對(dui)兒(er)童食(shi)欲不振特別(bie)有效。此外好味口、復方太子參顆粒(li)、太子參口服液(ye)等幾(ji)十種(zhong)。
在食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)工業開(kai)用(yong)(yong)其功(gong)能作為食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)補充劑等(deng)等(deng)。在民間用(yong)(yong)太(tai)子參泡茶。太(tai)子參藥膳使(shi)用(yong)(yong)越來(lai)越普(pu)遍。太(tai)子參用(yong)(yong)于(yu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)療、保健品(pin)、功(gong)能食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)添加劑的市場越來(lai)越廣闊(kuo)。