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產品簡介

東(dong)明(ming)縣(xian)是山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)生產基地之(zhi)一(yi),素負盛(sheng)名。1959年(nian)(nian),產一(yi)特大西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),狀如石滾,重51.5公(gong)斤,在河南省(sheng)農業展覽(lan)館展出(chu)(chu)后,名揚全國(guo);1968年(nian)(nian),又產1只(zhi)53公(gong)斤的特大西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),被稱(cheng)為(wei)全國(guo)"西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)之(zhi)王(wang)"。1981年(nian)(nian),李六屯村農民種出(chu)(chu)一(yi)株(zhu)"龍鳳(feng)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)",單(dan)(dan)株(zhu)結瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)14個,總重量(liang)80余(yu)公(gong)斤,創(chuang)全國(guo)單(dan)(dan)株(zhu)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)之(zhi)最(zui)。1986年(nian)(nian),山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)首次(ci)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)展評(ping)會評(ping)出(chu)(chu)的3個特優產品(pin)中,東(dong)明(ming)縣(xian)的"鄭(zheng)州三號(hao)"名列第一(yi),"中育(yu)(yu)六號(hao)"名列第三。1987年(nian)(nian),在全省(sheng)第二屆(jie)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)展評(ping)會上,東(dong)明(ming)的"中育(yu)(yu)六號(hao)"再次(ci)被評(ping)為(wei)"特優產品(pin)","中育(yu)(yu)一(yi)號(hao)"、"伊選"被評(ping)為(wei)省(sheng)優質(zhi)產品(pin)。

山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)菏澤市(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)明(ming)縣(xian)馬頭(tou)鎮蘇(su)寨(zhai)村(cun)及(ji)周(zhou)邊是著名的西(xi)瓜(gua)基(ji)地，基(ji)地位于東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)明(ming)縣(xian)南23公里，山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)明(ming)縣(xian)是95年(nian)(nian)國務院首批命(ming)名的“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國西(xi)瓜(gua)之鄉”，常年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面積達40萬畝，總產12億公斤，銷售收(shou)入(ru)5億多元，僅此一項(xiang)農民(min)人均收(shou)入(ru)近千元。山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)菏澤市(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)明(ming)縣(xian)西(xi)瓜(gua)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主要有，黑(hei)(hei)皮(pi)有籽(zi)大(da)果型西(xi)瓜(gua)，有汴(bian)雜(za)系列(lie)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、預藝2000、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華拳王(wang)、黑(hei)(hei)巨(ju)霸、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)研八(ba)號、開雜(za)十八(ba)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)明(ming)黑(hei)(hei)大(da)個等。特點是高圓形黑(hei)(hei)皮(pi)西(xi)瓜(gua)，單瓜(gua)重10斤以上(shang)，優質(zhi)安全，皮(pi)韌性強耐(nai)貯運，含糖12度左右。7月(yue)至8月(yue)底集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)市(shi)，重點西(xi)瓜(gua)鄉鎮：馬頭(tou)、小井、大(da)屯、三春(chun)等。

產地環境

由(you)于屬黃(huang)河(he)沖積平原，廣袤的(de)(de)沙(sha)質壤土，優質的(de)(de)黃(huang)河(he)水(shui)澆(jiao)灌，優越(yue)的(de)(de)所候條件，優良的(de)(de)西瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)種，一(yi)千多(duo)年(nian)栽(zai)培史積累的(de)(de)豐富經驗和先(xian)進栽(zai)培管理技術的(de)(de)不斷引進推廣，培育了東明(ming)西瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)沙(sha)甜爽口，風味純(chun)正、外觀亮麗，商品(pin)性好的(de)(de)綜合品(pin)質，使東明(ming)西瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)素以(yi)優質著稱，享“甲天下”美譽。傳統地方西瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)種因個(ge)大(da)(da)揚名。1994年(nian)馬頭鎮農(nong)民(min)種植的(de)(de)一(yi)株西瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)，結(jie)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)28個(ge)，總重量167.8公(gong)斤(1994年(nian)8月(yue)30日,《大(da)(da)眾(zhong)日報》以(yi)東明(ming)發現一(yi)株“西瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)王”為題進行了報道)，創造了單(dan)(dan)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)個(ge)最大(da)(da)，單(dan)(dan)株結(jie)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)最多(duo)，單(dan)(dan)株產量最高的(de)(de)三個(ge)“全國之(zhi)最”。

自然生態環境

（1）土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情(qing)況：“東(dong)明(ming)西(xi)(xi)瓜”農產品(pin)地(di)理標志地(di)域保護區(qu)域，屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)歷史上的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)河故道、黃(huang)(huang)河泛濫區(qu)域，形成了以沙(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主的(de)(de)、黃(huang)(huang)河沖積平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)獨特的(de)(de)地(di)域地(di)貌，自然地(di)理環(huan)境條件優越，十分適宜于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)瓜的(de)(de)生(sheng)長發育(yu)：地(di)勢平(ping)(ping)坦（平(ping)(ping)均坡(po)降(jiang)約1/5000），土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚(hou)，沙(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)，沙(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)，透(tou)氣、透(tou)水性良好，利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)根系向縱深(shen)發展，可顯著提(ti)高(gao)西(xi)(xi)瓜的(de)(de)抗旱能力和(he)吸收水平(ping)(ping)。沙(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)熱(re)容量(liang)小，白天吸熱(re)快(kuai)，春季(ji)回暖早，夜間散熱(re)迅(xun)速，晝夜溫(wen)差大，不僅有(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)瓜根系的(de)(de)生(sheng)長發育(yu)和(he)對(dui)礦質(zhi)(zhi)肥料的(de)(de)吸收運轉(zhuan)，而且還有(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)機物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)積累，能提(ti)高(gao)果實的(de)(de)含(han)糖(tang)量(liang)，利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)產優質(zhi)(zhi)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)肥沃，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)含(han)鉀(jia)量(liang)高(gao)，區(qu)域內土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)養分平(ping)(ping)均狀(zhuang)況：有(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)0.62%；全(quan)N0.051%、堿解N54ppm；速效P4ppm、速效K112ppm，含(han)K豐富(fu)，極有(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)瓜風(feng)味(wei)和(he)含(han)糖(tang)量(liang)的(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)，為(wei)東(dong)明(ming)縣優質(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)瓜生(sheng)產奠定(ding)了土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)基礎。

（2）水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況：水(shui)(shui)資源豐富，潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)埋(mai)深淺。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)為弱化礦水(shui)(shui)，特別是具有(you)得天(tian)獨厚的(de)(de)引(yin)黃灌(guan)溉優(you)勢（沿黃線長(chang)達(da)124華(hua)里）。由于黃河水(shui)(shui)中富含(han)的(de)(de)營養(yang)物質(zhi)(zhi)，灌(guan)溉效果(guo)優(you)于普通地(di)下井水(shui)(shui)，對西(xi)瓜優(you)良(liang)品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)形成有(you)重(zhong)要作用(yong)。區域內(nei)潛(qian)水(shui)(shui)埋(mai)深平均(jun)1.5-2米，西(xi)瓜根系發(fa)達(da)可深入土層(ceng)1.5米左右。能直(zhi)接利用(yong)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)，滿(man)足西(xi)瓜生長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)需(xu)要。因而即使不(bu)灌(guan)溉也可以基本(ben)保證西(xi)瓜對水(shui)(shui)分的(de)(de)需(xu)求，達(da)到優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)豐產的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

（3）氣候(hou)情況：氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)優越。西瓜(gua)是喜光(guang)(guang)喜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)作(zuo)物(wu)，特(te)別(bie)喜歡光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)強、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da)的(de)氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)。東(dong)明縣屬暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶季風型大(da)陸(lu)性氣候(hou)，氣候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)，雨量適中，四季分(fen)明。常年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)13.6℃，總積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為5136℃，大(da)于(yu)10℃的(de)有(you)效(xiao)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)4584.9℃，平(ping)均(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期達222天(tian)(tian)(tian)，平(ping)均(jun)3月(yue)(yue)24日(ri)(ri)(ri)斷霜(shuang)保(bao)證(zheng)率在(zai)80%以(yi)上。春季回暖快，2月(yue)(yue)19日(ri)(ri)(ri)平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)可穩定通(tong)過0℃，4月(yue)(yue)5日(ri)(ri)(ri)平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)可穩定通(tong)過10℃，比(bi)本省兄弟縣可早3-15天(tian)(tian)(tian)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)較(jiao)差(cha)大(da)，年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)較(jiao)差(cha)為10.3℃。晚春、初夏4、5、6三(san)個(ge)月(yue)(yue)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)較(jiao)差(cha)大(da)于(yu)10℃的(de)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)平(ping)均(jun)63天(tian)(tian)(tian)，占總日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)的(de)69.2%；日(ri)(ri)(ri)較(jiao)差(cha)大(da)于(yu)15℃的(de)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)長(chang)達24天(tian)(tian)(tian)，占總日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)的(de)26.4%，極有(you)利于(yu)西瓜(gua)糖(tang)分(fen)的(de)積累。全年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)2440小時(shi)(shi)，占可照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)的(de)55%，光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充足，特(te)別(bie)是5、6、7三(san)個(ge)月(yue)(yue)，月(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)總日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)數(shu)(shu)累計達739小時(shi)(shi)，每(mei)月(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)在(zai)250小時(shi)(shi)左右，最多可達270小時(shi)(shi)，充足的(de)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)可以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)西瓜(gua)良好的(de)生長(chang)發育和(he)優良的(de)品質。