產品簡介
東明(ming)縣是山(shan)東省西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)生(sheng)產(chan)基地之一,素(su)負盛名(ming)。1959年(nian),產(chan)一特大西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua),狀如(ru)石滾(gun),重(zhong)51.5公斤(jin),在河南省農業展(zhan)覽館展(zhan)出后,名(ming)揚全國(guo);1968年(nian),又(you)產(chan)1只53公斤(jin)的特大西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua),被(bei)稱為(wei)全國(guo)"西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)之王"。1981年(nian),李六屯村農民種出一株"龍鳳(feng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)",單株結(jie)瓜(gua)(gua)14個,總(zong)重(zhong)量80余公斤(jin),創(chuang)全國(guo)單株西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)之最(zui)。1986年(nian),山(shan)東省首次西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)展(zhan)評(ping)(ping)會評(ping)(ping)出的3個特優產(chan)品中(zhong),東明(ming)縣的"鄭州三號(hao)"名(ming)列(lie)第一,"中(zhong)育(yu)六號(hao)"名(ming)列(lie)第三。1987年(nian),在全省第二屆西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)展(zhan)評(ping)(ping)會上(shang),東明(ming)的"中(zhong)育(yu)六號(hao)"再次被(bei)評(ping)(ping)為(wei)"特優產(chan)品","中(zhong)育(yu)一號(hao)"、"伊選"被(bei)評(ping)(ping)為(wei)省優質產(chan)品。
山東(dong)菏澤市(shi)東(dong)明縣(xian)馬頭(tou)鎮(zhen)蘇寨村及周(zhou)邊是著(zhu)名(ming)的西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)基地,基地位于東(dong)明縣(xian)南23公里,山東(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)明縣(xian)是95年(nian)國務院首批命名(ming)的“中國西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)之鄉(xiang)”,常年(nian)種(zhong)植面(mian)積達40萬畝,總產12億(yi)(yi)公斤,銷售收(shou)入5億(yi)(yi)多(duo)元,僅此一項農民人均收(shou)入近千元。山東(dong)菏澤市(shi)東(dong)明縣(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)品(pin)種(zhong)主要有(you),黑(hei)皮(pi)有(you)籽大果型西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),有(you)汴雜系列品(pin)種(zhong)、預藝2000、中華拳王(wang)、黑(hei)巨霸、東(dong)研八(ba)號、開雜十八(ba)、東(dong)明黑(hei)大個等。特(te)點(dian)是高圓形(xing)黑(hei)皮(pi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua),單瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)重10斤以上(shang)(shang),優質安全,皮(pi)韌性強(qiang)耐貯運,含糖12度(du)左右。7月至8月底集(ji)中上(shang)(shang)市(shi),重點(dian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen):馬頭(tou)、小井、大屯、三春等。
產地環境
由于屬黃(huang)河沖積平(ping)原(yuan),廣(guang)(guang)袤的(de)(de)(de)沙質(zhi)壤土,優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)河水澆灌,優越的(de)(de)(de)所候條件,優良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)瓜(gua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),一千多(duo)年栽培史積累(lei)的(de)(de)(de)豐富經驗和先進(jin)(jin)栽培管(guan)理技術的(de)(de)(de)不斷引進(jin)(jin)推廣(guang)(guang),培育了東(dong)(dong)明(ming)西(xi)瓜(gua)沙甜爽口,風味純(chun)正、外觀(guan)亮麗,商品(pin)性好的(de)(de)(de)綜合品(pin)質(zhi),使(shi)東(dong)(dong)明(ming)西(xi)瓜(gua)素以優質(zhi)著稱,享“甲天下(xia)”美(mei)譽。傳統地方西(xi)瓜(gua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)因個(ge)大(da)揚名。1994年馬頭鎮農民種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)一株(zhu)(zhu)西(xi)瓜(gua),結瓜(gua)28個(ge),總重(zhong)量167.8公斤(1994年8月30日,《大(da)眾(zhong)日報》以東(dong)(dong)明(ming)發現一株(zhu)(zhu)“西(xi)瓜(gua)王(wang)”為題進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了報道(dao)),創造了單(dan)瓜(gua)個(ge)最(zui)大(da),單(dan)株(zhu)(zhu)結瓜(gua)最(zui)多(duo),單(dan)株(zhu)(zhu)產(chan)量最(zui)高的(de)(de)(de)三個(ge)“全國之最(zui)”。
自然生態環境
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況:“東(dong)明(ming)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜”農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)域(yu),屬于(yu)(yu)歷史上(shang)的(de)(de)黃河(he)故(gu)道、黃河(he)泛(fan)濫區(qu)(qu)域(yu),形成了以沙質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為主的(de)(de)、黃河(he)沖積平(ping)原獨特的(de)(de)地(di)域(yu)地(di)貌(mao),自(zi)然地(di)理(li)環境(jing)條件優越(yue),十分適宜于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜的(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育(yu):地(di)勢平(ping)坦(平(ping)均坡降約1/5000),土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚,沙質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang),沙質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu),透(tou)氣、透(tou)水(shui)性(xing)良好,利于(yu)(yu)根(gen)(gen)系(xi)向縱(zong)深(shen)發(fa)展,可(ke)顯著提(ti)高西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜的(de)(de)抗旱能力和(he)吸收水(shui)平(ping)。沙質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)熱(re)容量小,白天吸熱(re)快,春季回(hui)暖(nuan)早(zao),夜(ye)間散(san)熱(re)迅速,晝夜(ye)溫差大,不僅有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜根(gen)(gen)系(xi)的(de)(de)生長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育(yu)和(he)對礦(kuang)質(zhi)肥(fei)料的(de)(de)吸收運轉,而且還有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)機(ji)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)積累,能提(ti)高果(guo)實的(de)(de)含(han)糖量,利于(yu)(yu)高產(chan)優質(zhi)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)沃,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)含(han)鉀(jia)量高,區(qu)(qu)域(yu)內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)養分平(ping)均狀況:有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)0.62%;全N0.051%、堿解N54ppm;速效P4ppm、速效K112ppm,含(han)K豐富,極(ji)有(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜風味和(he)含(han)糖量的(de)(de)提(ti)高,為東(dong)明(ming)縣優質(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)瓜生產(chan)奠定了土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)基礎。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)(feng)富(fu),潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)埋深淺。地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質為弱化礦水(shui)(shui)(shui),特(te)別是具有(you)得(de)天獨(du)厚的(de)(de)引(yin)黃(huang)灌溉優(you)(you)勢(沿黃(huang)線長達(da)124華(hua)里)。由(you)于黃(huang)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)富(fu)含的(de)(de)營養物質,灌溉效(xiao)果(guo)優(you)(you)于普通(tong)地(di)下(xia)井水(shui)(shui)(shui),對西(xi)瓜(gua)優(you)(you)良品(pin)質的(de)(de)形成(cheng)有(you)重要作用(yong)。區(qu)域內(nei)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)埋深平均1.5-2米,西(xi)瓜(gua)根系發(fa)達(da)可(ke)深入(ru)土層1.5米左右。能直(zhi)接利用(yong)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui),滿足西(xi)瓜(gua)生長發(fa)育需要。因(yin)而即(ji)使(shi)不灌溉也可(ke)以基本保證西(xi)瓜(gua)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)分的(de)(de)需求(qiu),達(da)到優(you)(you)質豐(feng)(feng)產的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
(3)氣候(hou)情況:氣候(hou)條件優(you)越。西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)是喜(xi)光(guang)喜(xi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)作物,特別喜(xi)歡光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)強(qiang)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差(cha)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou)條件。東明縣屬暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)型大(da)陸性氣候(hou),氣候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),雨量適中,四季(ji)分明。常年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)13.6℃,總積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為5136℃,大(da)于(yu)10℃的(de)(de)(de)有效積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)4584.9℃,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均無霜期達(da)(da)222天(tian),平(ping)(ping)(ping)均3月24日(ri)(ri)(ri)斷霜保(bao)證率在(zai)(zai)80%以上(shang)。春(chun)季(ji)回暖快,2月19日(ri)(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)可穩(wen)定通過(guo)0℃,4月5日(ri)(ri)(ri)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)可穩(wen)定通過(guo)10℃,比本(ben)省兄弟縣可早3-15天(tian)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)較差(cha)大(da),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)(ri)較差(cha)為10.3℃。晚春(chun)、初(chu)夏4、5、6三個(ge)月,日(ri)(ri)(ri)較差(cha)大(da)于(yu)10℃的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均63天(tian),占總日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)69.2%;日(ri)(ri)(ri)較差(cha)大(da)于(yu)15℃的(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)長達(da)(da)24天(tian),占總日(ri)(ri)(ri)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)26.4%,極有利于(yu)西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)糖分的(de)(de)(de)積累(lei)。全年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)2440小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi),占可照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)55%,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充足(zu)(zu),特別是5、6、7三個(ge)月,月平(ping)(ping)(ping)均總日(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)數(shu)(shu)(shu)累(lei)計達(da)(da)739小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi),每月平(ping)(ping)(ping)均在(zai)(zai)250小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右,最(zui)多可達(da)(da)270小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi),充足(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)可以保(bao)證西(xi)瓜(gua)(gua)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)長發育和(he)優(you)良的(de)(de)(de)品質。