一.產品介紹
縉(jin)云米仁(ren)(ren)栽培歷(li)(li)史悠久(jiu)。傳說在(zai)黃(huang)帝軒轅氏煉丹的(de)配藥(yao)(yao)中就有(you)(you)(you)縉(jin)云米仁(ren)(ren)。據元(yuan)至(zhi)正八(ba)年(公(gong)元(yuan)1348年)《仙(xian)都志》載:草木可(ke)(ke)藥(yao)(yao)者有(you)(you)(you)“芍藥(yao)(yao)、白術、復盆(pen)子、薏苡(yi)仁(ren)(ren)”等178種(zhong),列為當地中藥(yao)(yao)材資(zi)源。縉(jin)云縣(xian)民間(jian)歷(li)(li)來(lai)就有(you)(you)(you)在(zai)田頭地角(jiao)或低洼田塊或溝渠(qu)邊種(zhong)植米仁(ren)(ren)的(de)習(xi)慣,在(zai)民間(jian)還(huan)普遍采用(yong)豬(zhu)肚(du)裝(zhuang)米仁(ren)(ren)煮(zhu)著吃的(de)習(xi)俗。有(you)(you)(you)民間(jian)小調:“苡(yi)米勝過靈芝草,食(shi)藥(yao)(yao)營養價值高,常食(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)延年壽,返老還(huan)童(tong)功能高”。 改革(ge)開放后,縉(jin)云米仁(ren)(ren)產(chan)業有(you)(you)(you)了(le)長(chang)足發展,特別是進入20世紀后,縉(jin)云米仁(ren)(ren)作為“注射用(yong)薏苡(yi)仁(ren)(ren)油”專用(yong)生產(chan)原料,引起了(le)社會(hui)各界的(de)廣(guang)泛關注,并屢獲浙江省農博會(hui)金獎。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和(he)人文歷史因素
(1)地(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)況(kuang):縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)縣(xian)屬(shu)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省麗水(shui)市(shi),是浙(zhe)西南地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)縣(xian),地(di)(di)(di)處武夷(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)――戴云(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)隆起地(di)(di)(di)帶和(he)(he)諸(zhu)暨-麗水(shui)-壽寧(ning)斷裂帶的(de)中段(duan),境內東、南、西群峰崛起,地(di)(di)(di)勢高峻(jun),中、北部陷落成(cheng)一大片丘陵(ling)盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di),并與金衢盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)相連接。最低海(hai)拔(ba)110米(mi)(mi),最高海(hai)拔(ba)1500.6米(mi)(mi),地(di)(di)(di)勢高差懸殊,氣候、植被、耕作(zuo)制度(du)(du)等垂直分(fen)布(bu)明顯。全縣(xian)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)總面(mian)積1503.52平方公里,其中河谷平原占5.3%,丘陵(ling)占15.7%,山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)占79%。 (2)耕地(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)(he)農用(yong)水(shui)情(qing)況(kuang): 縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)屬(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)縣(xian),分(fen)屬(shu)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省甌江(jiang)、錢塘(tang)江(jiang)、靈江(jiang)三大水(shui)系的(de)上游地(di)(di)(di)段(duan),區(qu)(qu)內山(shan)(shan)(shan)澗密布(bu)。在(zai)長期(qi)的(de)農業生產中,營造了眾多的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)塘(tang)和(he)(he)小型(xing)水(shui)庫,為縉(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏(yi)苡)生產提供了充(chong)足的(de)而且清(qing)潔優質的(de)灌溉水(shui)資源。本區(qu)(qu)域主要有(you)黃泥田、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)黃泥田和(he)(he)培泥沙田等土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)。由于本區(qu)(qu)域海(hai)拔(ba)高度(du)(du)懸殊較大(從(cong)110-1500米(mi)(mi)),所以形成(cheng)的(de)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型(xing)具有(you)多樣性,pH值4.5-8.6之間。 (3)氣候情(qing)況(kuang):屬(shu)中亞熱(re)帶季風氣候區(qu)(qu),四季分(fen)明,溫和(he)(he)濕潤,日照(zhao)充(chong)足,總體氣候條件優越。從(cong)平原到(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu),年(nian)平均氣溫17.2-13.5℃,無霜(shuang)期(qi)243-212日,年(nian)平均日照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)數1875.3 -1653小時(shi)(shi),降水(shui)量1373-1789毫米(mi)(mi),相對濕度(du)(du)72-77%。
三.地域范圍
縉云米仁(薏苡)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標志的(de)地域范圍包括(kuo):縉云縣(xian)五云鎮(zhen)、壺鎮(zhen)鎮(zhen)、新建鎮(zhen)、東(dong)(dong)方(fang)鎮(zhen)、東(dong)(dong)渡鎮(zhen)、大源鎮(zhen)、舒洪鎮(zhen)、大洋鎮(zhen)、七里鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雙溪口鄉(xiang)(xiang)、溶江鄉(xiang)(xiang)、三溪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、胡源鄉(xiang)(xiang)、前路鄉(xiang)(xiang)、方(fang)溪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、石筧鄉(xiang)(xiang)全部16個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),地理坐標為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經119°52′—120°25′,北緯28°25′—28°57′。保護區范圍總面積約20萬畝(mu)。2011年(nian)米仁(薏苡)種植面積6000畝(mu),谷產(chan)(chan)量(liang)1500多噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)官特(te)征:縉云米(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(薏苡)果實外稃白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),穎果為淡黃色(se)(se),呈寬(kuan)卵形;脫殼后胚乳(ru)呈乳(ru)白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),斷面玉白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),粉性略(lve)糯; 煮后湯呈乳(ru)白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),略(lve)帶清香,無渣,味微甜。 (2)內(nei)在品(pin)質指標:水分(fen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)超過(guo)13.0%。總灰分(fen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)超過(guo)2.0%。種仁(ren)中(zhong)粗蛋白(bai)(bai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)于(yu)13.0%,醇溶性浸(jin)出(chu)物不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)少(shao)于(yu)5.5%,脂類(lei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)少(shao)于(yu)3.0%。 (3)質量安(an)全:具有《NY/5305-2005無公害食品(pin) 粟米(mi)(mi)》食用安(an)全性要求。
五.特定生產方式
縉云米(mi)仁(薏(yi)苡)屬于藥食(shi)兩用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),其品質(zhi)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)相對較高,在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程(cheng)中具有(you)(you)特定的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方式。 (1)種(zhong)植產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)址要(yao)(yao)求(qiu):縉云米(mi)仁(薏(yi)苡)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長在(zai)河道(dao)兩邊或(huo)水(shui)澤地(di)(di)帶,對土(tu)壤質(zhi)地(di)(di)雖然沒有(you)(you)特別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),一(yi)般土(tu)壤都(dou)可種(zhong)植,但以(yi)向陽、潮濕、土(tu)層(ceng)深厚(hou)、肥力(li)較好的(de)(de)(de)沙(sha)質(zhi)壤土(tu)為(wei)宜(yi)。在(zai)具體選(xuan)址時(shi)(shi)(shi),要(yao)(yao)根據當地(di)(di)水(shui)土(tu)資(zi)源,嚴格按(an)照(zhao)《NY?5305—2005?無公(gong)害食(shi)品?粟(su)米(mi)產(chan)地(di)(di)環境條(tiao)件(jian)》要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)確定生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)產(chan)地(di)(di)。 (2)品種(zhong)(系)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇:品種(zhong)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)當地(di)(di)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)訓化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)縉云米(mi)仁(薏(yi)苡)傳統地(di)(di)方品種(zhong)薏(yi)苡浙(zhe)7號。 薏(yi)苡浙(zhe)7號屬禾本(ben)科薏(yi)苡屬。為(wei)一(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本(ben)C4植物(wu)(wu),幼苗紅(hong)色(se)或(huo)漿紅(hong)色(se),后變深綠色(se)。稈(gan)直立(li),分(fen)蘗(bo)叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),多分(fen)枝(zhi)。莖(jing)粗(cu)1cm左右(you),莖(jing)稈(gan)壁厚(hou),莖(jing)腔小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),非實心(xin),株高1.0~2.0m,有(you)(you)10~20節(jie) ,節(jie)上(shang)有(you)(you)分(fen)枝(zhi)。葉互生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),長披針形,長10~40cm,寬(kuan)1.5~3.0cm,先端漸尖,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)寬(kuan)心(xin)形,鞘(qiao)狀(zhuang)抱莖(jing),中脈(mo)粗(cu)厚(hou)而(er)明顯(xian)并于葉背突起(qi),兩面(mian)光滑,邊緣粗(cu)糙。從(cong)幼葉到旗葉的(de)(de)(de)背面(mian)特別(bie)是莖(jing)桿表(biao)皮有(you)(you)白色(se)粉狀(zhuang)蠟(la)質(zhi),干旱時(shi)(shi)(shi)能(neng)有(you)(you)效防止水(shui)分(fen)蒸發,淹(yan)水(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)又能(neng)防止水(shui)分(fen)滲(shen)入莖(jing)內(nei),是薏(yi)苡能(neng)耐澇又能(neng)抗旱的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因之一(yi)。薏(yi)苡莖(jing)上(shang)有(you)(you)分(fen)枝(zhi),各分(fen)枝(zhi)頂上(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua),分(fen)枝(zhi)由葉腋間抽出(chu)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)序成(cheng)總狀(zhuang)或(huo)復(fu)總狀(zhuang),長6~10cm,花(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)雌(ci)雄(xiong)(xiong)同(tong)株,頂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)腋生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穗(sui)單(dan)性,花(hua)(hua)(hua)序上(shang)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui),每節(jie)上(shang)有(you)(you)2~3個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穗(sui),上(shang)有(you)(you)兩個(ge)雄(xiong)(xiong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua),雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)3枚(mei)(雌(ci)蕊(rui)在(zai)發育(yu)過程(cheng)中退化(hua));花(hua)(hua)(hua)序下部(bu)(bu)為(wei)雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui),包藏在(zai)骨質(zhi)總苞中,常2~3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穗(sui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于一(yi)節(jie),雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)有(you)(you)3個(ge)雌(ci)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)花(hua)(hua)(hua),其中一(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)發育(yu),子房有(you)(you)兩個(ge)紅(hong)色(se)柱頭,伸出(chu)包鞘(qiao)之外,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)退化(hua)雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)。穎果成(cheng)熟時(shi)(shi)(shi),外面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)總苞堅(jian)硬,呈橢圓形。種(zhong)皮紅(hong)色(se)或(huo)淡黃(huang)色(se),種(zhong)仁卵形,長約6mm,直徑為(wei)4~5mm,背面(mian)為(wei)橢圓形,腹面(mian)中央有(you)(you)溝,內(nei)部(bu)(bu)胚和胚乳為(wei)白色(se),粉狀(zhuang),糯質(zhi)。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)加工過程(cheng)控(kong)制:在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)加工過程(cheng)中參照(zhao)《NY 5305—2005 無公(gong)害食(shi)品 粟(su)米(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技術規程(cheng)》相關要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),有(you)(you)害生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防治(zhi)倡導農業防治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防治(zhi)和物(wu)(wu)理防治(zhi),農藥使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)應符合(he)GB?4285、GB/T?8321(所有(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)分(fen))的(de)(de)(de)規定。肥料使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)原(yuan)則應符合(he)NY/T?496的(de)(de)(de)規定。禁(jin)(jin)止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)未經國家或(huo)省級農業部(bu)(bu)門登記的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)肥料。禁(jin)(jin)止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)重金屬含量超標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)肥料(有(you)(you)機肥料及礦質(zhi)肥料等(deng))。收(shou)獲后,嚴格按(an)照(zhao)《NY 5305—2005無公(gong)害食(shi)品 粟(su)米(mi)》相關部(bu)(bu)分(fen)進行加工、包裝、運輸和貯(zhu)存。
六.包(bao)裝標識(shi)相關規定
(1)在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)域范圍(wei)內的(de)(de)(de)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)者,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品或包裝上(shang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong) “縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)的(de)(de)(de),必須向(xiang)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)縣(xian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業協會(hui)提出書(shu)面(mian)申(shen)請,經(jing)(jing)批準后方可使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 (2)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren),要嚴格按照“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品要求進行(xing)(xing)規(gui)(gui)范化(hua)和標(biao)準化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)管理(li)。統一采用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”名稱和“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)識(shi)(shi)相結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)識(shi)(shi)標(biao)注。“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)持(chi)有人(ren)要加強(qiang)對“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)監督(du)檢(jian)查(cha)、技術咨詢與服務(wu)指導,對標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)加工過程、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品質量等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)定期跟蹤檢(jian)查(cha),實(shi)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)態管理(li)。 (3)在(zai)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)域范圍(wei)內的(de)(de)(de)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)者,未向(xiang)縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)縣(xian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業協會(hui)提出書(shu)面(mian)申(shen)請并獲得(de)批準,不得(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)識(shi)(shi)。任何單位和個人(ren)不得(de)偽造(zao)(zao)和冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)識(shi)(shi)和登記證(zheng)書(shu),偽造(zao)(zao)和冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)“縉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)云(yun)(yun)(yun)米(mi)(mi)(mi)仁(ren)(ren)(薏(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苡(yi)(yi)(yi))” 農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)識(shi)(shi)和登記證(zheng)書(shu)的(de)(de)(de),由有關部門依照相關的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)(gui)進行(xing)(xing)處理(li)。