芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)是一種珍貴(gui)的食(shi)用(yong)菌，明、清(qing)時皆以“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)珍”被列為(wei)(wei)貢(gong)品。1979年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)利用(yong)金(jin)剛刺釀酒(jiu)殘渣培育出猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)，而后經(jing)紫外線誘(you)變(bian)選(xuan)育出“常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)99號”菌株，至(zhi)此常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)正式面(mian)世。1984年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)北京人民大(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)堂舉(ju)行品嘗會(hui)(hui)(hui)，全(quan)國(guo)人大(da)(da)常(chang)(chang)委會(hui)(hui)(hui)副委員長嚴濟慈(ci)，全(quan)國(guo)政(zheng)協副主席(xi)費孝通等(deng)大(da)(da)批領(ling)導及知(zhi)名(ming)人士參(can)加，會(hui)(hui)(hui)上(shang)嚴濟慈(ci)題(ti)詞：“常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)一寶”。1985年(nian)，清(qing)宣統帝溥儀之弟溥杰為(wei)(wei)常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)題(ti)字(zi)：“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)珍猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、海味(wei)燕窩”。 2006年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)被浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省農(nong)業廳評(ping)(ping)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)“浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)名(ming)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)”。2014年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)政(zheng)府將常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)提升到“常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)三(san)寶”高度，進一步打造(zao)金(jin)名(ming)片。1987年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)微生物總(zong)廠生產(chan)的“常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)江(jiang)牌”猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)罐(guan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)、猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)干品榮(rong)獲(huo)“商業部優質產(chan)品”；2006年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)被評(ping)(ping)為(wei)(wei)“浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)名(ming)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)”；2015年(nian)，常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)獲(huo)得(de)國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志登記，“森力牌”猴(hou)(hou)(hou)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)榮(rong)獲(huo)第(di)十三(san)屆中國(guo)國(guo)際農(nong)產(chan)品交易會(hui)(hui)(hui)金(jin)獎。

二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史因素

1、地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao)：常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)位于浙江西(xi)部，錢塘(tang)江上游，自(zi)古有“四省通衢，兩浙首站”之稱。常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)貌(mao)屬(shu)低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)丘陵型(xing)，地(di)(di)勢南北高(gao)，中間(jian)低(di)(di)，由西(xi)北向東南傾(qing)斜，境(jing)(jing)(jing)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)1099.07平(ping)方(fang)公里。境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)多山(shan)(shan)，中部為山(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆地(di)(di)，最高(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔1395米(mi)，最低(di)(di)海(hai)(hai)拔72米(mi)，山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)占全縣(xian)(xian)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)74.57%，素有“八(ba)山(shan)(shan)半(ban)水(shui)分半(ban)田”之說(shuo)。 2、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)：常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)位于中亞(ya)熱帶北緣地(di)(di)帶，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)優越，是國家級生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)示(shi)范(fan)區和浙江省重要的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)屏障(zhang)，全縣(xian)(xian)森(sen)林面(mian)(mian)積(ji)120.64萬畝，森(sen)林覆蓋率達73.2%，出境(jing)(jing)(jing)水(shui)質(zhi)達到三類水(shui)標準，常(chang)(chang)年空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量(liang)保持在(zai)二級以(yi)上，享有“綠色常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)、天(tian)(tian)然氧(yang)吧”的(de)美(mei)譽(yu)。 3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特征：常(chang)(chang)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)亞(ya)熱帶季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候，四季分明(ming)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)適中，熱資(zi)源較豐富；雨量(liang)充沛，雨熱同季，空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濕潤。年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)17.4℃，極(ji)端(duan)最低(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-7.8℃，極(ji)端(duan)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)41.8℃；年降水(shui)量(liang)在(zai)1500～1900毫米(mi)左右，年平(ping)均濕度在(zai)73%～78%之間(jian)，年平(ping)均無霜期238天(tian)(tian)。

三.地域范圍

常山猴頭菇地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)地(di)域保(bao)(bao)護(hu)范圍為：地(di)理(li)坐標為東經118°15′～118°45′，北緯28°46′～29°13′之間。包括球川鎮(zhen)(zhen)、白(bai)石鎮(zhen)(zhen)、青石鎮(zhen)(zhen)、招賢鎮(zhen)(zhen)、芳(fang)村鎮(zhen)(zhen)、輝埠鎮(zhen)(zhen)、何家(jia)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、同弓鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新(xin)昌鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大橋頭鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、東案(an)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、金川街(jie)道(dao)、紫港街(jie)道(dao)、天馬街(jie)道(dao)等14個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（街(jie)道(dao)）180個行政村。現有(you)生產(chan)規模(mo)(mo)100公(gong)頃，栽培量750萬(wan)袋(dai)，年產(chan)鮮菇4500噸。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)規模(mo)(mo)面積20000公(gong)頃。

四.產(chan)品品質(zhi)特性特征

1、形態(tai)特(te)(te)征 常(chang)(chang)山猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)的鮮菇(gu)(gu)(gu)色(se)(se)澤潔白或淡黃色(se)(se)，外形頭(tou)狀(zhuang)、球形至扁半(ban)球形，無柄(bing)，直(zhi)徑(jing)3～15cm，肉質(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)嫩，表面密布針形菌刺(ci)，菌刺(ci)長0.2～1.5cm。鮮品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)清香(xiang)，口感(gan)嫩滑，成(cheng)熟后(hou)味(wei)(wei)微(wei)苦(ku)；干品(pin)(pin)呈淡黃色(se)(se)至黃褐色(se)(se)，香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)濃郁，味(wei)(wei)微(wei)苦(ku)。 2、品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)(te)色(se)(se) 常(chang)(chang)山猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)營養豐富，富含(han)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)、氨基(ji)酸、維(wei)生素以及鉀、鈣、鐵、鋅等微(wei)量元(yuan)素，并(bing)含(han)有(you)(you)猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)多(duo)糖等活性成(cheng)份(fen)。每100g干品(pin)(pin)含(han)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)≥12.0克(ke)，脂肪≥3.0克(ke)，粗多(duo)糖≥3.0克(ke)。 3、質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全規定 常(chang)(chang)山猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)生產通過嚴(yan)(yan)格控制生產過程，嚴(yan)(yan)禁(jin)在(zai)生產、加工過程中添加或使用有(you)(you)害有(you)(you)毒投入品(pin)(pin)，產品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全采取嚴(yan)(yan)格對(dui)猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)產品(pin)(pin)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)、粗多(duo)糖等理化指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)以及衛生指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)檢測(ce)、監控，衛生指(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)按(an)照GB 7096《食用菌衛生標(biao)準》執行。

五.特定生產方式

（一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)）產地要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu): 常山(shan)(shan)猴頭菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)產場(chang)地要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)良(liang)(liang)好、三級(ji)(ji)以(yi)上(shang)飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，周圍(wei)300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)無(wu)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)及(ji)(ji)其它(ta)污染(ran)源。生(sheng)(sheng)產區域環(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)符合NY 5010《無(wu)公害(hai)食品(pin) 蔬菜產地環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件》的(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 （二(er)）栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：宜選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) “常山(shan)(shan)猴頭99號”等(deng)優良(liang)(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 （三）生(sheng)(sheng)產技術： 1、栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)季節。9月(yue)下(xia)旬至10月(yue)中(zhong)旬制(zhi)袋(dai)(dai)，當(dang)(dang)年10月(yue)下(xia)旬至翌年4月(yue)出(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。 2、栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)(ying)符合NY 5099《無(wu)公害(hai)食品(pin) 食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安(an)全(quan)技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)》規(gui)定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配方(fang)：﹙1﹚棉籽殼70%、雜(za)木屑15%、麩皮14%、石(shi)膏或(huo)輕(qing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碳酸鈣1%。﹙2﹚甘蔗渣(zha)或(huo)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)芯65%、雜(za)木屑15%、麩皮14%、玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)粉5%、石(shi)膏或(huo)輕(qing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)碳酸鈣1%。 3、制(zhi)袋(dai)(dai) （1）拌料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。根據配方(fang)將(jiang)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)混(hun)合，邊攪拌邊加(jia)適(shi)量(liang)(liang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，使(shi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)61%～63%（用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)緊握料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，指縫間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)珠但(dan)不下(xia)滴(di)），pH值為(wei)6.0～7.0。 （2）裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)。選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)格為(wei)12.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×55厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×0.0045厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)聚(ju)乙烯塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)機將(jiang)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)基(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)袋(dai)(dai)，松緊以(yi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)緊貼(tie)袋(dai)(dai)壁(bi)為(wei)度。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)袋(dai)(dai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)濕(shi)(shi)重1400～1500克（折干(gan)(gan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)650～750克），料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)棒(bang)(bang)長(chang)(chang)42～44厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)；袋(dai)(dai)外(wai)壁(bi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)應(ying)(ying)擦(ca)凈(jing)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)繩或(huo)鋁卡扎口。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)4小時(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)完成。 4、滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)和接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) （1）滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)。裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)立(li)(li)即滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)。每(mei)(mei)灶(zao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)6000～7000袋(dai)(dai)，6小時(shi)之內(nei)(nei)(nei)升溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)至100℃，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)16～18小時(shi)。停(ting)火后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，當(dang)(dang)灶(zao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度自然降至80℃出(chu)(chu)灶(zao)，把(ba)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)棒(bang)(bang)搬(ban)到已清(qing)洗干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)并經(jing)消(xiao)毒的(de)冷卻室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，“#”形(xing)(xing)堆(dui)疊(die)冷卻。 （2）接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)棒(bang)(bang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度冷卻到28℃以(yi)下(xia)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)、接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)箱按無(wu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)操作(zuo)規(gui)程接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側面(mian)(mian)均勻接(jie)(jie)三個穴(xue)(xue)(xue)點(dian)(dian)，穴(xue)(xue)(xue)直徑(jing)1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，深2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右，塊狀菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)填(tian)滿接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)，每(mei)(mei)袋(dai)(dai)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宜接(jie)(jie)12～14棒(bang)(bang)，接(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)外(wai)套薄袋(dai)(dai)。 5、培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang) （1）培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)清(qing)潔、干(gan)(gan)燥、遮(zhe)光(guang)(guang)、通風(feng)(feng)，保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)性好。 （2）培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)方(fang)法。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)架式發(fa)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)，將(jiang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)逐層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)橫放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)架上(shang)；采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“#”形(xing)(xing)疊(die)放(fang)發(fa)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)，將(jiang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)從地面(mian)(mian)起逐層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)交錯堆(dui)放(fang)，高(gao)8～10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。 （3）培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)管(guan)理(li)。培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度宜控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)23～25℃，空氣(qi)(qi)相對濕(shi)(shi)度控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)65%～70%。整(zheng)個發(fa)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)期應(ying)(ying)避光(guang)(guang)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)，每(mei)(mei)天(tian)通風(feng)(feng)2次，每(mei)(mei)次10分(fen)(fen)鐘。接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)約(yue)10天(tian)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)落直徑(jing)5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右時(shi)，脫去(qu)外(wai)袋(dai)(dai)，增加(jia)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)口供氧(yang)量(liang)(liang)，同時(shi)，疏棒(bang)(bang)散(san)熱(re)、降低堆(dui)高(gao)，或(huo)將(jiang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)疏散(san)到架層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)23～25℃的(de)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)25～30天(tian)，菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲長(chang)(chang)滿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)，即可轉入(ru)出(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管(guan)理(li)。 6、出(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu) （1）菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)房（棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)）要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)房（棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)）應(ying)(ying)清(qing)潔、通風(feng)(feng)、有(you)(you)(you)適(shi)量(liang)(liang)散(san)射光(guang)(guang)，并能控溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、保(bao)(bao)濕(shi)(shi)。宜采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)遮(zhe)陽(yang)平棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)搭建中(zhong)型(xing)塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)拱棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)的(de)雙棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)設(she)施(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)，外(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)遮(zhe)陽(yang)平棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)高(gao)2.5～3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，以(yi)立(li)(li)柱(zhu)支撐棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)頂(ding)，立(li)(li)柱(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)4.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，柱(zhu)距(ju)2～3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)頂(ding)鋪遮(zhe)陽(yang)網(wang)，棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)四(si)(si)周圍(wei)遮(zhe)陽(yang)網(wang)或(huo)草(cao)(cao)簾。2～6架內(nei)(nei)(nei)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)共(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)架外(wai)蔭棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)，較(jiao)利于通風(feng)(feng)換(huan)氣(qi)(qi)。 （2）層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)架要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)設(she)兩(liang)排層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)架，層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)架寬1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，兩(liang)排層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)架設(she)邊道兩(liang)條(tiao)各(ge)寬0.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、中(zhong)間(jian)寬1.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)操作(zuo)道，層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)間(jian)距(ju)28～30厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，共(gong)5～6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)距(ju)地面(mian)(mian)25厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，頂(ding)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)離棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)頂(ding)60厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。每(mei)(mei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)沿(yan)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)縱向固定(ding)4根竹木或(huo)鋼(gang)管(guan)等(deng)架材，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于擺放(fang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)。架柱(zhu)頂(ding)上(shang)綁扎竹片、木料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，呈拱形(xing)(xing)或(huo)脊形(xing)(xing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于覆蓋薄膜(mo)(mo)。棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)膜(mo)(mo)幅(fu)寬7.5～8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)長(chang)(chang)度以(yi)20～30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)宜。可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)毛竹、木料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng)作(zuo)架柱(zhu)，也可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)管(guan)焊制(zhi)或(huo)鋼(gang)筋混(hun)凝土(tu)預制(zhi)。 （3）出(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度。適(shi)宜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度16～20℃。 （4）出(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管(guan)理(li)。將(jiang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)單層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、臥(wo)排于層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)架上(shang)，挖除表層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)老(lao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)塊，接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)口朝下(xia)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地面(mian)(mian)灑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，微噴(pen)加(jia)濕(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)房（棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)）空氣(qi)(qi)濕(shi)(shi)度90%；保(bao)(bao)證有(you)(you)(you)散(san)射光(guang)(guang)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)200～400勒克斯光(guang)(guang)照度，誘導原基(ji)(ji)(ji)形(xing)(xing)成。經(jing)4～5天(tian)，幼蕾即從接(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)口長(chang)(chang)出(chu)(chu)。保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)房（棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)）空氣(qi)(qi)新(xin)鮮(xian)，無(wu)悶氣(qi)(qi)感，門窗(chuang)掛遮(zhe)陽(yang)網(wang)、草(cao)(cao)簾，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)子(zi)實體被風(feng)(feng)直吹。溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度高(gao)于24℃時(shi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)掀開四(si)(si)周塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)薄膜(mo)(mo)，增加(jia)對菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)(peng)及(ji)(ji)四(si)(si)周的(de)噴(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)次數(shu)和噴(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)；溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度低于10℃時(shi)，應(ying)(ying)加(jia)強保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，適(shi)當(dang)(dang)密閉塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)薄膜(mo)(mo)，中(zhong)午(wu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度較(jiao)高(gao)時(shi)掀開通風(feng)(feng)。子(zi)實體生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)階段，保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)空間(jian)濕(shi)(shi)度85%～90%。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蕾形(xing)(xing)成后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，約(yue)經(jing)10天(tian)子(zi)實體發(fa)育成熟即可采(cai)(cai)(cai)收。 7、采(cai)(cai)(cai)收 （1）采(cai)(cai)(cai)收時(shi)間(jian)。當(dang)(dang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)刺在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)0.2～1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，未彈射孢子(zi)前(qian)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收。 （2）采(cai)(cai)(cai)收方(fang)法。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收時(shi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)抓住(zhu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體輕(qing)輕(qing)扭轉拔下(xia)，采(cai)(cai)(cai)大留小，除去(qu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體基(ji)(ji)(ji)部雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，按規(gui)格分(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)。 8、采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)管(guan)理(li)。前(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)潮(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)清(qing)理(li)出(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)口殘留物，停(ting)止(zhi)噴(pen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)2～3天(tian)，并揭(jie)膜(mo)(mo)通風(feng)(feng)12小時(shi)，使(shi)出(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)點(dian)(dian)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)風(feng)(feng)干(gan)(gan)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)發(fa)霉(mei)(mei)，促進菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲積累養(yang)分(fen)(fen)。經(jing)2～3天(tian)養(yang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)，再重復(fu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)潮(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)方(fang)法管(guan)理(li)。經(jing)7～10天(tian)，第(di)二(er)、三潮(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蕾即可出(chu)(chu)現，按第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)潮(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)方(fang)法管(guan)理(li)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般可收3～4潮(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，生(sheng)(sheng)物學效率可達100%以(yi)上(shang)。 9、分(fen)(fen)級(ji)(ji)。按感官指標(biao)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)、二(er)級(ji)(ji)和三級(ji)(ji) 10、衛生(sheng)(sheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。應(ying)(ying)符合GB 7096《食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)衛生(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)準(zhun)》規(gui)定(ding)。 11、檢(jian)驗方(fang)法、檢(jian)驗規(gui)則、標(biao)志、標(biao)簽、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)、運輸、貯存。按GB 7096《食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)衛生(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)準(zhun)》和NY 5095《無(wu)公害(hai)食品(pin) 食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)》規(gui)定(ding)進行(xing)。 12、病(bing)蟲害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治 （1）主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)蟲害(hai)。病(bing)害(hai)以(yi)霉(mei)(mei)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(毛霉(mei)(mei)、脈孢霉(mei)(mei)、木霉(mei)(mei)、黃曲(qu)霉(mei)(mei))、細(xi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)性基(ji)(ji)(ji)腐病(bing)為(wei)主(zhu)，蟲害(hai)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蠅(ying)、菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)蚊。 （2）預防(fang)(fang)(fang)方(fang)法。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是嚴格檢(jian)查種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)源。二(er)是凈(jing)化栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)環(huan)境(jing)。每(mei)(mei)潮(chao)(chao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)清(qing)理(li)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)棒(bang)(bang)殘留的(de)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)根，減(jian)少污染(ran)源。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)廢(fei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)運離生(sheng)(sheng)產場(chang)地。三是出(chu)(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)期間(jian)禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)藥，轉潮(chao)(chao)期間(jian)如需用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥，按GB/T 8321《農(nong)(nong)藥合理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則》規(gui)定(ding)執行(xing)。

六.包裝標識相關規定(ding)

按照農(nong)業(ye)部關(guan)于(yu)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)有關(guan)規(gui)定，對(dui)常山(shan)(shan)猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)做(zuo)如(ru)下規(gui)定：凡(fan)在(zai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營的(de)(de)常山(shan)(shan)猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)，并(bing)按照常山(shan)(shan)猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)生(sheng)產(chan)質量控制規(gui)范(fan)的(de)(de)種植戶，在(zai)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)包(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)使(shi)用(yong)已獲(huo)得的(de)(de)常山(shan)(shan)猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志，須向登記證書持有人提出(chu)申(shen)請，并(bing)簽訂相關(guan)合同(tong)，按照相關(guan)要求規(gui)范(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志，統一采(cai)用(yong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱和(he)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相結合的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注。縣級以(yi)上(shang)人民政府農(nong)業(ye)行政主管部門(men)對(dui)常山(shan)(shan)猴頭(tou)菇(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志負有監督管理(li)(li)職能(neng)，定期對(dui)登記的(de)(de)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)域(yu)范(fan)圍(wei)、標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)等進(jin)行監督檢查(cha)。鼓勵單位和(he)個人對(dui)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志進(jin)行社會監督。使(shi)用(yong)本地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營者(zhe)，對(dui)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)質量和(he)信譽負責，違反本規(gui)定的(de)(de)，由縣級以(yi)上(shang)人民政府農(nong)業(ye)行政主管部門(men)依(yi)照《中華人民共(gong)和(he)國農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全法(fa)》有關(guan)規(gui)定處罰。