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【質量特色】

果(guo)近(jin)(jin)卵圓(yuan)形或近(jin)(jin)圓(yuan)形，果(guo)皮暗紅帶綠色，裂紋及縫合(he)線均(jun)明顯，果(guo)肉乳白色，肉質特別爽脆，清(qing)甜(tian)帶特殊香味。

【地標地理】

增城(cheng)市(shi)位于廣東(dong)省(sheng)中(zhong)部、珠江(jiang)三角洲東(dong)北角，北回歸線通(tong)過本區域(yu)北部，屬亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候，日照(zhao)長(chang)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)高、雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei)、四季(ji)常青，既有(you)(you)熱帶(dai)特(te)征，又(you)有(you)(you)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)特(te)色。雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei)，河流眾多(duo)(duo)，水(shui)資源比較豐富。年平(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)1856毫(hao)米，其中(zhong)：地(di)表水(shui)多(duo)(duo)年徑流量(liang)1099.9毫(hao)米，年徑流量(liang)19.15億立(li)(li)方米。主(zhu)要河流——增江(jiang)、東(dong)江(jiang)、西福河多(duo)(duo)年平(ping)均過境客(ke)水(shui)179.5億立(li)(li)方米，主(zhu)客(ke)水(shui)合計為(wei)(wei)198.65億立(li)(li)方米,特(te)別(bie)適合于種植水(shui)稻(dao)。“炎熱多(duo)(duo)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，長(chang)夏(xia)無冬(dong)”是(shi)增城(cheng)市(shi)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)征。年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)21.8℃。春季(ji)，由于受(shou)(shou)冷暖空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)交替影響，天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)多(duo)(duo)變，陰雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)多(duo)(duo)，陽光少，空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)潮濕(shi)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在(zai) 12.7℃-21.7℃之間。夏(xia)季(ji)，熱帶(dai)海洋風(feng)增強，天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)常受(shou)(shou)副熱帶(dai)高壓控制(zhi)，空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)悶熱，極端(duan)高溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)38.2℃，平(ping)均為(wei)(wei)27℃。4-6月(yue)多(duo)(duo)季(ji)風(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、占(zhan)全年降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)46.7％。7-9月(yue)多(duo)(duo)臺(tai)風(feng)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，占(zhan)全年降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)36.27％。冬(dong)季(ji)，受(shou)(shou)北方干冷空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)影響，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)，1月(yue)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)(wei) 12.l℃。 12月(yue)至1月(yue)，常有(you)(you)寒潮侵襲，偶有(you)(you)霜天(tian)(tian)，極端(duan)低溫(wen)-1.9℃。日照(zhao)長(chang), 日照(zhao)時(shi)數1976小時(shi)，水(shui)稻(dao)安全生長(chang)期(qi)(qi)263天(tian)(tian)，無霜期(qi)(qi)355—360天(tian)(tian)，作物(wu)可一年三熟，按(an)照(zhao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候學低于10℃為(wei)(wei)冬(dong)季(ji)的(de)劃分標準，增城(cheng)沒(mei)有(you)(you)真(zhen)正的(de)冬(dong)季(ji)，但人們仍將天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)較涼的(de)11月(yue)至1月(yue)稱為(wei)(wei)冬(dong)天(tian)(tian)。

【文化背景】

增城掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)的珍(zhen)(zhen)稀果(guo)品，清初康熙八(ba)年(nian)（1669）始見(jian)于(yu)文(wen)獻記載(zai)(zai)，產于(yu)增城新塘(tang)四(si)望(wang)崗(gang)。乾(qian)隆《增城縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》載(zai)(zai)：“四(si)望(wang)崗(gang)，邑治南(nan)八(ba)十(shi)里，在(zai)甘(gan)泉都沙貝(bei)村(cun)(cun)東崗(gang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)植荔(li)子(zi)十(shi)數本，名(ming)(ming)曰掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，遷其地(di)弗(fu)良。”其后雖散布于(yu)縣(xian)(xian)內外(wai)各地(di)，但在(zai)道光年(nian)間，掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)已少(shao)見(jian)。崔弼(bi)《珍(zhen)(zhen)帚編(bian)》詩：“廣州荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)，以掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。增城大墩(dun)、沙貝(bei)諸村(cun)(cun)，所(suo)在(zai)多有。花時(shi)(shi)(shi)，長吏(li)使標志(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)。歲(sui)畏其擾，斧(fu)之(zhi)無(wu)遺類矣(yi)。” 四(si)望(wang)崗(gang)掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)因(yin)而絕跡至(zhi)宣(xuan)統時(shi)(shi)(shi)，以縣(xian)(xian)城西(xi)(xi)園一株馳名(ming)(ming)。宣(xuan)統《增城縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》載(zai)(zai)：“案：掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)一種，近以縣(xian)(xian)城西(xi)(xi)門外(wai)西(xi)(xi)園一株最(zui)為(wei)名(ming)(ming)貴，價(jia)值十(shi)余倍于(yu)其他。”至(zhi)今，西(xi)(xi)園掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)飲譽海(hai)內外(wai)，已有數百年(nian)歷史。增城民間千(qian)百年(nian)來，還流傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)著不(bu)(bu)少(shao)有關(guan)增城掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的美(mei)好傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說。相傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)八(ba)仙(xian)中(zhong)的何(he)仙(xian)姑是增城小樓(lou)仙(xian)桂(gui)村(cun)(cun)人(ren)。何(he)仙(xian)姑15歲(sui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)得仙(xian)人(ren)點化，食鳳凰山(shan)云母片學會飛身法術。16歲(sui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)父母將(jiang)她許婚(hun)別人(ren)，何(he)仙(xian)姑不(bu)(bu)同意，在(zai)婚(hun)禮前夕(xi)乘人(ren)不(bu)(bu)覺(jue)，飛身至(zhi)羅浮山(shan)得道成仙(xian)。后因(yin)不(bu)(bu)忘家鄉(xiang)令人(ren)陶醉的荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)佳果(guo)，常(chang)常(chang)回(hui)鄉(xiang)漫步(bu)荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)園中(zhong)。一天，何(he)仙(xian)姑留戀西(xi)(xi)園荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)景，坐在(zai)樹(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)編(bian)織(zhi)腰(yao)帶，離開時(shi)(shi)(shi)把一條綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色絲線遺留樹(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)絲飄繞在(zai)荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，于(yu)是荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)果(guo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)都有一道綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)線，人(ren)們就給(gei)它取名(ming)(ming)“掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”，可(ke)見(jian)“掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”之(zhi)神(shen)奇和名(ming)(ming)貴，帶有不(bu)(bu)凡(fan)的“仙(xian)氣”。八(ba)仙(xian)故事源遠流長，深受民間喜傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)樂頌。何(he)仙(xian)姑與掛(gua)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)說被列入省級非(fei)物(wu)質文(wen)化遺產。

【文化積淀】

明末清(qing)(qing)初(chu)屈大均《廣州(zhou)荔枝詞(ci)》詠(yong)到：“端陽是(shi)處(chu)子離離，火齊如山入(ru)市時。一樹增城(cheng)名掛(gua)(gua)綠，冰融雪沃少人知。”清(qing)(qing)朝初(chu)期詩人陳恭尹，與屈大均、梁(liang)佩蘭稱(cheng)(cheng)“嶺南(nan)三大家(jia)”，他(ta)寫詩稱(cheng)(cheng)贊(zan)增城(cheng)掛(gua)(gua)綠，“年年相(xiang)約荔枝紅(hong)，揮扇高(gao)談(tan)幾(ji)老翁。掛(gua)(gua)綠凝冰知在念，未(wei)堪郵寄海船風(feng)。”清(qing)(qing)朝詩人梁(liang)梅詩云：“增城(cheng)掛(gua)(gua)綠聞名久，鳳尾龍(long)頭(tou)冠粵中，笑我按圖空(kong)索驥(ji)，四分(fen)(fen)微(wei)綠六分(fen)(fen)紅(hong)。”清(qing)(qing)詩人李鳳修詠(yong)到：“南(nan)州(zhou)荔枝無處(chu)無，增城(cheng)掛(gua)(gua)綠貴(gui)如珠。兼金欲購不易(yi)得(de)，五月尚未(wei)登盤盂(yu)。”足見其珍貴(gui)程(cheng)度，被稱(cheng)(cheng)為“荔枝之王(wang)”。屈大均在《廣東新語(yu)》所說：“掛(gua)(gua)綠爽脆(cui)如梨，漿液不見，去殼(ke)懷之，三日不變。”