云(yun)南省博物(wu)館藏國(guo)家一級文物(wu)明代金(jin)鑲紅藍寶石冠,于1963年出土于云(yun)南呈貢王家營沐氏家族墓(mu)之沐崧夫婦合(he)葬墓(mu)。
明(ming)代(dai)開(kai)國(guo)(guo)功臣(chen)沐(mu)英被朱元璋追封(feng)為(wei)黔(qian)寧王(wang)(wang),沐(mu)氏子(zi)弟承(cheng)襲(xi)“黔(qian)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)”的(de)封(feng)爵(jue),子(zi)孫世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)鎮守云(yun)南,直至明(ming)朝滅(mie)亡,共計12代(dai)。沐(mu)氏家族累(lei)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)官(guan)(guan),身世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)顯赫,此件金冠就是(shi)證(zheng)明(ming)。據歷史資(zi)料(liao)顯示,沐(mu)崧(song),字希甫,號石岡,生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)弘治辛亥(公(gong)(gong)元1491)年(nian)(nian),逝(shi)于(yu)(yu)明(ming)嘉靖(jing)丙申(shen)(公(gong)(gong)元1536)年(nian)(nian),為(wei)明(ming)朝開(kai)國(guo)(guo)功臣(chen)黔(qian)寧王(wang)(wang)沐(mu)英六世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孫。沐(mu)英家族世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)襲(xi)黔(qian)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)爵(jue)位,先后(hou)十(shi)二代(dai)、十(shi)四任鎮守云(yun)南,與大明(ming)王(wang)(wang)朝共始終,可(ke)以說是(shi)明(ming)代(dai)歷史上有舉(ju)足輕重地位的(de)家族。沐(mu)英死后(hou),追封(feng)黔(qian)寧王(wang)(wang),謚昭靖(jing),侑享太廟。沐(mu)氏子(zi)孫世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)承(cheng)襲(xi),鎮守云(yun)南,直至明(ming)朝末年(nian)(nian)。沐(mu)崧(song)16歲鎮守金齒、騰(teng)沖,累(lei)官(guan)(guan)至驃騎將軍(jun)右軍(jun)都督(du)府都督(du)僉事。其(qi)夫人徐(xu)(xu)氏,生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)弘治戊申(shen)(1488)年(nian)(nian),逝(shi)于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)德丁(ding)丑(1517)年(nian)(nian),為(wei)明(ming)朝開(kai)國(guo)(guo)功臣(chen)中(zhong)山王(wang)(wang)徐(xu)(xu)達六世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孫魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)徐(xu)(xu)俌之(zhi)女。
該金鑲(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)紅藍(lan)寶(bao)石冠高11.5厘米,底徑11厘米,重320克,呈半球形(xing)(xing),由(you)形(xing)(xing)似蓮花瓣的(de)(de)薄(bo)金片(pian),內(nei)外四層累疊(die)而(er)成。從(cong)冠面看,其(qi)(qi)鑲(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)嵌有紅、藍(lan)、綠、白(bai)等各(ge)色(se)寶(bao)石20多粒,光(guang)芒四射,交相輝映。其(qi)(qi)冠頂(ding)插有一如意形(xing)(xing)嵌寶(bao)石簪,沿頂(ding)簪兩側各(ge)插有一對鑲(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)紅和(he)鑲(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)藍(lan)寶(bao)石的(de)(de)笄。
從工藝制(zhi)造角(jiao)度而言,該金冠集中(zhong)融匯多種(zhong)工藝技(ji)法,如捶揲、鏨刻、鏤空、鑲嵌(qian)、焊接(jie)等,充(chong)分反(fan)映了明(ming)代金器制(zhi)作水平(ping)的高超,更顯現出明(ming)代王侯(hou)之物(wu)的華貴。
名貴(gui)的寶石以其(qi)艷麗(li)的色彩與黃(huang)金交相輝映更(geng)顯得富麗(li)華貴(gui)。從(cong)工藝制造角度而(er)言該金冠集(ji)中融匯多種工藝技法
如捶(chui)揲、鏨刻、鏤空、鑲嵌、焊(han)接等,充分反映(ying)了明(ming)代(dai)金器制作水平的(de)高超,更顯現出明(ming)代(dai)王侯之物(wu)的(de)華貴。